• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.10 s.89
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• pp.969-976
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• 2004

The wide and growing use of cellular phones has raised the question about the possible health risks associated with radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. It would be helpful for phone users to blow the exposure levels during cellular phone use. But it is very difficult to recognize the amount of exposure, because measuring accurate level of RF is a difficult matter. In this study, we developed a model to estimate the exposure level and the individual risk of exposure by utilizing the available informations that we can get. We used such parameters as usage time a day, total using period, distance between cellular phone and head, slope of cellular phone, hands-free usage, antenna pulled out or not SAR(Specific Absorption Rate) of cellular phone, and flip or folder type. We proposed a model presenting individual risk of RF exposure from level 0 to 10 by using a neural network.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.68-78
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• 2004

본 고는 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 어린이의 휴대전화 사용에 대해, 휴대전화기에서 복사되는 전자파 에너지가 성인과 달리 작용할 가능성이 있는지에 관한 연구 또는 보고 자료를 수집하여 다양한 각도에서 조사한 것이다. 공학적 관점에서 휴대전화 사용에 있어 어린이와 성인의 전자파 흡수율에 차이를 가져올 수 있는가에 관한 연구 결과를 기술하고 있으며, 각각 형태적 측면에서 성인과 어린이를 나타내는 각기 다른 크기의 머리 형태에서 전자파 흡수율의 차이가 있는지와 생체의 재료(재질) 측면에서 연령층에 따라 조직의 전기적 특성에 변화를 알아보았다. 그 다음 휴대전화기에 가장 가까이 위치하는 인체 머리의 성장과정 상의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 생물학적 측면에서 어린이가 성인에 비해 취약할 가능성이 있는지 검토하였다 그러나 이러한 가능성을 현재로서는 명확히 판단하기 어려우며, 원인 규명을 위한 추가 연구 및 다양한 연구 분야간 협력이 요구됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.148-154
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• 2015

Reports show that global system for mobile communication (GSM) mobile phones, or two-generation (2G) mobile phones, could affect functions of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). In this study, we evaluated the effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted by wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) mobile phones, which were third-generation (3G) mobile phones, on pacemakers and ICDs. Five pacemakers and three ICDs were subjected to in-vitro test using a ECG simulator. We used a WCDMA module (average power : 0.25 W, frequency band : 1950 MHz) instead of a real WCDMA mobile phone. To assess the effects of the WCDMA module on pacemakers and ICDs, each implantable device was placed in close proximity (within 3 mm) to the WCDMA module for 5 min. As a result, no effects were observed on the five pacemakers and three ICDs for the RF-EMFs emitted by the WCDMA module. Because WCDMA mobile phones have the higher frequency band (1800-2200 MHz) and lower power output (0.01-0.25 W) than GSM moboile phone, the RF-EMFs emitted by WCDMA mobile phones do not affect patients with pacemaker or ICD.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.5 s.96
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• pp.534-540
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• 2005

This paper analyzes the correlations between the impedance matching of the antenna and the radiation characteristics of the mobile handset body. Using two kinds of mobile handset which has retractable and fixed antenna the impedance and radiation pattern is measured under totally 16 conditions. By measured results, it has been identified that the radiation energy into human head can be reduced by attaining the better impedance matching when the radiation pattern out of the mobile handset is like the ideal monopole antenna.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.16 no.3 s.69
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• pp.32-38
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• 2001

최근 휴대전화 이용자가 급증하면서 이동통신시스템의 수요에 대응하는 여러 가지 효율적 연구개발이 진행됨과 동시에 이러한 무선 복사 이용 기기에 의한 건강위해에 대한 관심과 우려 또한 높아져, 휴대전화로 인한 인체의 건강 영향에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 전자파인체보호기준은 각종의 의학, 생물학 및 공학적 연구 결과로부터 매우 낮은 주파수에서부터 수백 GHz까지 권고되고 있으나, 본 고에서는 주로 800~2,500MHz 정도의 대역에서 흔히 사용되고 있는 휴대전화에 대한 전자파인체보호기준을 소개하고 현재 휴대전화와 관련한 생물학적 영향에 대한 국내.외 연구동향을 살펴보고 결론을 맺도록 하겠다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1199-1205
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• 2001

There has been an increase in the public concern about possible health risks by electromagnetic exposure from mobile phones. Recently, several SAR measurement procedures have been proposed to demonstrate the compliance of mobile phone with safety limits. To determine the maximum localized SAR of a test mobile phone, the electric field distribution is measured in the head phantom with simulated tissue liquid using the probe The important parameters in SAR measurement are the E-field probe, the shape and size of phantom, the electrical parameters of simulated tissue liquid, and test position, etc. Therefore, in order to setup the measurement standard, the studies on these factors are required. In this paper, the effects of the maximum localized SAR on the test positions of mobile phones were analyzed by the numerical computation and the SAR measurement. From the results, the worst condition of commonly used positions was determined and the touch and tilted positions were adopted as test positions of the domestic SAR measurement standard.

• Product Safety
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• s.66
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• pp.20-24
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• 1998

휴대전화의 전자기파나 송전선, 가전제품 등에서 발생하는 전자기장, 휴대전화의 가입자가 1996년 말까지 300만명을 넘었고 각종 전자 제품에 둘러싸인 생활이 당연하게 여겨지는 상황에서 '전자파'의 영향에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 전자기파라는 말은 다양한 파장의 것을 포함하고 있어서 논란이 되고 잇는 실정이다. 전자기파는 정말로 인체에 해를 끼치고 잇는 것일까? 세계 각국의 연구 결과를 참조하면서 정리해본다.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2001

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2001

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1158-1166
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• 2013

SAR calculation method following the Mobi-Kids study protocol is analyzed and evaluation method of cumulative RF dose from mobile phones which have been used by a subject of case and control groups is proposed. An SAR database is built by calculating SAR distributions in 4 head models at different ages for representative phone models with the same conducted power. To obtain SAR distribution in a subject's head for a specific commercial phone which had/have been used by him/her, an SAR correction factor using SAR compliance test results is determined. Cumulative dose is calculated by considering mobile phone characteristics and use pattern such as call time and laterality(right and left).