• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

Typographical errors by the author's mistyping occur frequently in a document being prepared with word processors contrary to usual publications. Preparing this online document, the most common orthographical errors are spelling errors resulting from incorrectly typing intent keys to near keys on keyboard. Typical spelling checkers detect and correct these errors by using morphological analyzer. In other words, the morphological analysis module of a speller tries to check well-formedness of input words, and then all words rejected by the analyzer are regarded as misspelled words. However, if morphological analyzer accepts even mistyped words, it treats them as correctly spelled words. In this paper, I propose a simple method capable of detecting and correcting errors that the previous methods can not detect. Proposed method is based on the characteristics that typographical errors are generally not repeated and so tend to have very low frequency. If words generated by operations of deletion, exchange, and transposition for each phoneme of a low frequency word are in the list of high frequency words, some of them are considered as correctly spelled words. Some heuristic rules are also presented to reduce the number of candidates. Proposed method is able to detect not syntactic errors but some semantic errors, and useful to scoring candidates.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.247-257
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• 2014

This study proposes a new housing need and demand assessment model centering on small-scale housing development projects and happy house development projects that reflected the recent changes in rental and small sized apartment centered public housing policies and development paradigms. The housing need and demand assessment model of public housing development projects consists of quantitative evaluation factors such as potential need indicator and demand pressure indicator and qualitative evaluation factors such as local condition indicator. The potential need indicators of small sized housing development projects are calculated by subtracting the stock of already-supplied constructed rental and purchased rental housings from the potential quantity of need drawn from the small regions such as -eup, -myeon, and -dong. In the potential need indicators of happy house development projects, the potential need is calculated from those who are expected to receive a happy house in the unit of -si, -gun, and -gu. In small-sized housing development projects, demand pressure indictors are the number and the proportion of those who opened a subscription deposit, the number of those who received basic livelihood security and the number of those who were patriots and veterans. The demand pressure indicators of the happy house development projects are stock ratio of small-sized houses, rate of rise in housing rent price, level of housing rent price, and rate of monthly rent house.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.685-688
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• 2016

SBAS(Satellite Based Augmentation System) broadcasts the correction message based on satellite communication to improve the positioning accuracy of GNSS user. For this reason, SBAS is actively being utilized on navigation part. To apply SBAS to navigation part, it should satisfy not only accuracy but also integrity, continuity, availability, coverage requirements and so on. Since SBAS reference station is the base infrastructure of SBAS, it is the main factor to determine the environment, position, and geometry of reference stations to achieve SBAS service performance. Therefore, a site environmental analysis should be performed prior to the selection of SBAS reference station. In this paper, it performs the environmental analysis of NDGPS(Nationwide Differential GPS) reference station sites on the premise that SBAS reference station will be co-operated in the same site of NDGPS operated by MOF(Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries). The environmental analysis is conducted as carrying out the visibility analysis of GPS satellite and interference analysis. This paper also presents the brief procedures and requirements for site survey of SBAS reference station.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2017

This study evaluated tidal stream energy resources according to tidal flow properties around Uido off the west coast of, Jeollanam-do, South Korea. A feasibility study was first carried out through the collection of bathymetry data and tidal phase information. For this simulation, a depth-averaged 2D ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation) model for real sea situations was applied to a Finite Element Method (FEM) approach for tides given the variation of tidal current speed. Hydrodynamics were simulated with 4 major tidal constituents (M2, S2, K1, and O1) after setting up 4 observation points. From the real depth-averaged model simulation results, it was found that the spring tide Higher High Water (HHW) and tidal current speed values at the 4 observation points were about 2.2 m and 1.33 m/s, respectively. The ADCIRC model results were analyzed with reference to the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency's (KHOA) observed data for verification. Furthermore, using topographical characteristics via the Tidal Flux Method (TFM), tidal energy density distribution was calculated, indicating a maximum tidal energy density of about $1.75kW/m^2$ for the 5 assessment areas around Uido. The tidal energy density was evaluated with consideration given to topographical characteristics as well as tidal elevation and tidal current speed to determine an optimum tidal farm candidate.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

With the fast development in wireless communications and vehicular technologies, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have enabled to deliver data between vehicles. Recently, VANETs introduce a Vehicular Cloud (VC) model for collaborating to share and use resources of vehicles to create value-added services. To construct a VC, a vehicle should search vehicles that intend to provide their own resource. The single-hop search cannot search enough provider vehicles due to a small coverage and non-line-of-sights of communications. On the other hand, the multi-hop search causes very high traffics for large coverage searching and frequent connection breakages. Recently, many Roadside Units (RSUs) have been deployed on roads to collect the information of vehicles in their own coverages and to connect them to Internet. Thus, we propose a RSU-aided vehicular resource search and cloud construction mechanism in VANETS. In the proposed mechanism, a RSU collects the information of location and mobility of vehicles and selects provider vehicles enabled to provide resources needed for constructing a VC of a requester vehicle based on the collected information. In the proposed mechanism, the criteria for determining provider vehicles to provide resources are the connection duration between each candidate vehicle and the requester vehicle, the resource size of each candidate vehicle, and its connection starting time to the requester vehicle. Simulation results verify that the proposed mechanism achieves better performance than the existing mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2020

Under consideration of construction waste recycling, candidate secondary products applicable for the civil and construction areas can be reliably employed based on the recycling cost analysis. For the validation purpose, probability-based cost analyses were performed to estimate recycling cost profit considering uncertainties. When recycling construction wastes, the costs at each stage are fully dependent on target products to be adopted. To achieve commercialization of each product, its quality has to be improved with economic efficiency through accurate evaluation of input costs. Based on the probabilistic recycling cost analysis, the cost benefit for target products was estimated with waste classification cost, transportation cost to recycling treatment facilities and production cost. All necessary information on the cost analysis were collected from literature, disclosure, and existing recycling companies. In addition, a cost difference between recycled and non-recycled events was made. As a result, a probability-based recycling cost estimate for candidate secondary products was herein presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

In this study, the seismic risk has been evaluated by setting the bedrock acceleration to 0.154g which, was taking into consideration that the earthquake return period for the buried electric power tunnels in the metropolitan area to be 1,000 years. In this case, the risk assessment during the earthquake was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the site classification was performed based on the site investigation data of the target area. Then, the LPI(Liquefaction Potential Index) was applied using the site amplification factor. After, candidates were selected using a hazard map. In the second stage, risk assessment analysis of seismic response are evaluated thoroughly after the recalculation of the LPI based on the site characteristics from the boring logs around the electric power area that are highly probable to be liquefied in the first stage. The third Stage visited the electric power tunnels that are highly probable of liquefaction in the second stage to compensate for the limitations based on the borehole data. At this time, the risk of liquefaction was finally evaluated based off of the reinforcement method used at the time of construction, the application of seismic design, and the condition of the site.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8C
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• pp.1210-1217
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• 2004

LILI-II stream cipher is an upgraded version of the LILI-128, one of candidates in NESSIE. Since the algorithm is a clock-controlled, the speed of the keystream data is degraded structurally in a clock-synchronized hardware logic design. Accordingly, this paper proposes a 4-bit parallel LFSR, where each register bit includes four variable data routines for feedback or shifting within the LFSR. furthermore, the timing of the proposed design is simulated using a Max+plus II from the ALTERA Co., the logic circuit is implemented for an FPGA device (EPF10K20RC240-3), and apply to the Lucent ASIC device (LV160C, 0.13${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ CMOS ＆ 1.5v technology), and it could achieve a throughput of about 500 Mbps with a 0.13${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ semiconductor for the maximum path delay below 1.8㎱. Finally, we propose the m-parallel implementation of LILI-II, throughput with 4, 8 or 16 Gbps (m=8, 16 or 32).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.220-227
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• 2014

This paper introduces and applies the World Bank's methodology for constructing composite index or aggregating indicators. After recalculating the world competitiveness index of IMD using Unobserved Component Model(UCM) we compare it with the existing index and try to find some implications. We also try to construct the composite index for measuring the performance of local finance. We employ the Principal Component Analysis(PCA) for validating the appropriateness of selected indicators used in making the composite index. We found that the UCM and PCA are very useful and will be used widely in various evaluations such as regional development, local finance, local competitiveness and public enterprise, etc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.200-213
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• 2018

Herein, we survey the current state of the recent legal revision of the Citizens Broadband Radio Service, a type of city spectrum-sharing service used in the United States of America, and the introduction of spectrum sharing in the frequency ranging from 3.8~4.2 GHz, based on the United Kingdom framework for spectrum sharing. Specifically, the subjects of topical interest, including the radio station licensing of the spectrum-sharing service system face-to-face multitier user structure, regional frequency allocation, and applicable service types, are discussed. Furthermore, factors to be considered while selecting candidate channels for joint use are suggested, emphasizing their importance for introducing spectrum sharing in Korea and revitalizing the related industrial sectors. In addition, methods of introducing a radio station license system for spectrum sharing, techniques of introducing incentive auctions, and the types of services where spectrum sharing is applicable are discussed.