• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2010

One hundred sixty three strains showing different colony morphological characteristics on different concentration of marine agar (MA) plates were isolated from ambient seawater near Dokdo island. Bacterial diversity and distributions were studied by phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. One hundred sixty three strains were partially sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. They were composed of 5 phyla, of which gamma-proteobacteria (58%), alpha-proteobacteria (20%), bacteriodetes (16%) were predominant. They were affiliated with 90 species. The 16S rRNA sequence similarity of the isolates was in 93.3 to 100 % range to reported sequence data. Thirty six isolates of among them were assumed to be novel species candidates based on similarity analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Overall, Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes of the Dokdo coastal sea water showed a high diversity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2016

Cluster-of-differentiation antigen 9 (CD9) gene expressed in the male germ line stem cells is crucial for sperm-egg fusion, and was therefore selected as a candidate gene to investigate Duroc boar semen motility and kinematic characteristics. This study was performed to investigatetheir association with semen motility and kinematic characteristics. DNA samples from 96 Duroc pigs with records of sperm motility and kinematic characteristics [Total motile spermatozoa (MOT, $82.27{\pm}5.58$), Curvilinear velocity(VCL, $68.37{\pm}14.58$), Straight-line velocity(VSL, $29.06{\pm}6.58$), the ratio between VSL and VCL(LIN, $47.36{\pm}8.42$), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement(ALH, $2.88{\pm}0.70$)] were used in present study. A single nucleotide polymorphism (g.358A>T) in intron 6 was associated with MOT, VCL, VAP and ALH in Duroc population (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that the porcine CD9 may be used as a molecular marker for Duroc boar semen quality, although its functional effect was not clear yet. These results will improve the understanding of the functions of the CD9 in spermatogenesis within the reproductive tracts, and will shed light on CD9 as a candidate gene in the selection of good sperm quality boars.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.345-351
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• 2005

To access the natural products of uncultured microorganisms, we constructed and screened the metagenomic DNA libraries by using a cosmid vector and DNA inserts isolated directly from soil. Initial screening of the libraries in Escherichia coli resulted in the isolation of several clones that produce a dark brown color when grown in LB medium. One of the positive clones, designed pYS85C, was transposon mutagenized and the DNA surrounding the transposon insertions in cosmids that no longer conferred the production of brown pigment to E. coli was sequenced. Annotation of the pYS85C sequence obtained from the transposon mutagenesis experiment indicated a single 393 amino acid open reading frame (ORF) with a molecular mass of about 44.5 kDa, predicted to be a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases (HPPDs), was responsible for the observed brown pigment. In a BLAST search against deposited sequence, the translated protein from this ORF showed moderate-level identity (>60%) to the other known HPPDs and was most conserved in the C-terminal region of the protein. These results show that genes involved in natural product synthesis can be cloned directly from soil DNA and expressed in a heterologous host, supporting the idea that this technology has the potential to provide novel natural products from the wealth of environmental microbial diversity and is a potentially important new tool for drug discovery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.573-580
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• 2018

Various studies have been conducted to analyze the location appropriateness and capacity of shelters. However, research on how to select new shelters is relatively insufficient. Since the shelter is designated in case of emergency, it is also necessary to efficiently select the location of the shelter. Therefore, this study presented a method for selecting the location of the shelter using network analysis that has been used to analyze the location appropriateness of shelters and genetic algorithm which is a representative heuristic algorithm. First, the network analysis using the existing civil defense evacuation facility data was performed and the result showed that the vulnerability of evacuation has a high deviation by region in the study area. In order to minimize the evacuation vulnerable area, the genetic algorithm was designed then the location of new shelters was determined. The initial solution consisting of candidate locations of new shelters was randomly generated and the optimal solution was found through the process of selection, crossover, and mutation. As a result of the experiment, the area with a high percentage of the evacuation vulnerable areas was prioritized and the effectiveness of the proposed method could be confirmed. The results of this study is expected to contribute to the positioning of new shelters and the establishment of an efficient evacuation plan in the future.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

Objectives : Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder with a strong genetic component. Previous neurochemical and genetic studies suggested the possible involvement of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor in autism. The aim of study was to investigate the association between the NMDA2B receptor gene(GRIN2B) and autism spectrum disorders(ASD) in the Korean population. Methods : The patients with ASD were diagnosed with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule based on DSM-IV diagnostic classification. The present study was conducted with the detection of four single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in GRIK2 and family-based association analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in Korean ASD trios using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Results : One hundred twenty six patients with ASD and their biological parents were analyzed. 86.5% were male and 85.1% were diagnosed as autistic disorder. The mean age was $71.9{\pm}31.6$ months(range : 26-185 months). We found that rs1805247 showed significantly preferential transmission(TDT ${\chi}^2$=12.8, p<0.001) in ASD. Conclusion : One SNP in GRIN2B gene was significantly associated with ASD in the Korean population. This result suggests the possible involvement of glutamate NMDA receptor gene in the development of ASD.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1325-1335
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• 2013

Working dogs, such as rescue dogs, military watch dogs, guide dogs, and search dogs, are selected by in-training examination of desired traits, including concentration, possessiveness, and boldness. In recent years, genetic information has been considered to be an important factor for the outstanding abilities of working dogs. To characterize the molecular features of the canine genes related to phenotypes for working dogs, we investigated the 24 previously reported genes (AR, BDNF, DAT, DBH, DGCR2, DRD4, MAOA, MAOB, SLC6A4, TH, TPH2, IFT88, KCNA3, TBR2, TRKB, ACE, GNB1, MSTN, PLCL1, SLC25A22, WFIKKN2, APOE, GRIN2B, and PIK3CG) that were categorized to personality, olfactory sense, and athletic/learning ability. We analyzed the chromosomal location, gene-gene interactions, Gene Ontology, and expression patterns of these genes using bioinformatic tools. In addition, variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) or microsatellite (MS) polymorphism in the AR, MAOA, MAOB, TH, DAT, DBH, and DRD4 genes were reviewed. Taken together, we suggest that the genetic background of the canine genes associated with various working dog behaviors and skill performance attributes could be used for proper selection of superior working dogs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.819-825
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• 2020

All living organisms exhibit the characteristics of aging, such as skin wrinkle formation, muscle degeneration, cataracts, and hair graying as the number of aged cells increases over time. Senescence, which is known as a key cause of aging, is directly related to the aging of living organisms because cells are aged by external and internal factors and eventually cell proliferation is stopped. Senescence is caused by the gradual shortening of the telomere with cell division, and lifespan is determined by the length of the telomere. Recently, it has been found that the histone deacetylase, which can influence gene expression, is not only involved in yeast but also deeply involved in anti-aging mechanisms in both C. elegans and humans. It was also discovered that old cells play a decisive role in the aging phenomenon, and it has been reported that it is possible to promote the proliferation of young cells and delay aging by removing these senescent cells from the inside. Therefore, in order to develop potential anti-aging agents in the future, research should begin with an in-depth study of telomerase activators, sirtuin activators, and senolytics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.451-456
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• 2004

Signature based intrusion detection system (IDS), having stored rules for detecting intrusions at the library, judges whether new inputs are intrusion or not by matching them with the new inputs. However their policy has two restrictions generally. First, when they couldn't make rules against new intrusions, false negative (FN) errors may are taken place. Second, when they made a lot of rules for maintaining diversification, the amount of resources grows larger proportional to their amount. In this paper, we propose the learning algorithm which can evolve the competent of anomaly detectors having the ability to detect anomalous attacks by genetic algorithm. The anomaly detectors are the population be composed of by following the negative selection procedure of the biological immune system. To show the effectiveness of proposed system, we apply the learning algorithm to the artificial network environment, which is a computer security system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.53-59
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• 2005

Sequences of candidate chicken testis-specific genes were analyzed in order to develop a resource for functional genomic studies of the testis and male germ cells. Tentative consensus sequences (TCs) containing ESTs expressed in testis libraries only were selected from the TIGR Gallus gallus Gene Index, resulting in a total of 292 TCs. The transcriptional expression of these genes were evaluated in a variety of chicken tissues, including testis and ovary, Of the panel of 292 TCs, 110 were expressed in a testis-specific manner. The correlation between the number of ESTs assembled into each TC and the number of testis-specific TCs was not significant. Annotation of the TCs using the Gene Ontology database terms showed that the proportion of testis-specific TCs that were classified as having catalytic activity (within the Molecular Function branch) was larger than the proportion of total chicken TCs classified in the same way. Our results might facilitate the investigation of testis-specific genes and their functional analysis in the chicken as well as in other avian species.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

Network topology design is a multiobjective problem with various design components. The components such as cost, message delay and reliability are important to gain the best performance. Recently, Genetic Algorithms(GAs) have been widely used as an optimization method for real-world problems such as combinatorial optimization, network topology design, and so on. This paper proposed a method of Multi-objective GA for Design of the network topology which is to minimize connection cost and message delay time. A common difficulty in multiobjective optimization is the existence of an objective conflict. We used the prufer number and cluster string for encoding, parato elimination method and niche-formation method for the fitness sharing method, and reformation elitism for the prevention of pre-convergence. From the simulation, the proposed method shows that the better candidates of network architecture can be found.