• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.124-128
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• 2009

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are direct communications between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, resulting in right-to-left shunts that may cause cyanosis, dyspnea, and digital clubbing. Neurological complications such as intracerebral hemorrhage or brain abscess may result from cerebral thrombosis or emboli. In most cases, they remain unrecognized until the late teenage years. Here, we report a case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with perioral cyanosis, digital clubbing, and dyspnea on exertion. A plain chest X-ray showed a focal nodular opacity in the right lower lobe (RLL), and a diagnosis of a large PAVM in the RLL was confirmed by chest computed tomography. A right lower lobectomy was successfully performed without any complications. Although their incidence in children is low, PAVMs should be suspected as a possible cause of cyanosis and dyspnea of non-cardiac origin, and should be treated promptly to prevent further neurological complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1488-1496
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to analyze mothers' eating, cooking, and exercise habits based on their demographic characteristics and to examine the relationship between those habits and their late school-aged children's Broca index. A total of 393 questionnaires were mailed to the mothers of late school-aged children who registered at four elementary schools in the Seoul area, of which 159 participants (40.0%) completed questionnaires. Statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/Win 21.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test ANOVA, and Pearson's regression coefficient. There was a statistically significant difference in mothers' cooking habit (F=3.920, P=0.022) and exercise habit (F=3.211, P=0.043) according to their educational level. Interestingly, 82.4% of mothers had a Broca index of less than 90% of normal body mass level. A significant positive correlation of Broca index between mothers and their late school-aged children (r=0.345, P<0.001) indicated that children whose mothers had a low body mass level also tended to have a low body mass level. In this study, late school-aged children's Broca index was not significantly related with mother's eating (r=-0.072, P=0.367) or exercise habits (r=-0.010, P=0.897) but was significantly related with their mother's cooking habits (r=-0.157, P=0.048). Considering there are few studies examining the impacts of mother's cooking habits on their children's appropriate body mass, the results suggest that developing an effective educational program to cultivate mothers' healthy cooking habits to improve school-aged children's health status is very important. The findings of this study provide important data that could be used when developing health education programs tailored to the multi-dimensional impacts of mothers' life habits on their last school-aged children's developmental health status.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.127-144
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to identify intrapsychic processes of self socialization in sex role development during late childhood and adolescence. For this purpose I investigated the sex-role stereotypes, sex-role ideology, sex-role identity, and self-esteem of 6th, 8th, and 10th graders and examined the causal relationships among these sex-role variables. Data were gathered through questionnaires administered twice with an interval of three months. The methods of analysis were one-way ANOVA, $x^2$, and multiple regression. The results showed, (1) Adolescents' sex-role stereotypes had significant relationships with sex typing. Subjects with low scores on sex-role stereotypes were more likely to show opposite sex typing. (2) Sex-role ideologies had significant relationships with sex typing. As Subjects agreed more with egalitarianism, they were more likely to exhibit opposite sex typing. (3) Adolescents' sex typing had significant relationships with their self-esteem. The androgynous group exhibited the highest scores on self-esteem. (4) Path analysis from the multiple regression analysis indicated different processes between sexes in sex-role development. In the boys' sex-role development, it was found that only masculinity contributed to self -esteem. Girls' masculinity also contributed most to self -esteem, but other sex -role variables such as femininity and sex-role stereotypes made some contributions to girls' self-esteem.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-26
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• 2018

This study examines 17 ex-offenders' wives who is receiving housing support from the Korea Rehabilitation Agency to understood the difficulties child-rearing experiences with the grounded theory. Based upon the research outcomes, supporting that needs for prisoners' wives who feel a huge burden on taking care of infants and preschool children by themselves was discussed. The prisoners' wives with children at school age and initial/middle adolescent need to get strong support due to not only the shock about husbands in prison but also the burden and stress that should follow the role as parents of students. Those late adolescent/adulthood who were supposed to follow their dreams, were required for their financial and emotional sacrifice. Result indicates children need to get support to form the right identity, not to get exhausted or shrink from being stigmatized and prejudiced as children of released prisoners.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2003

Purpose: We examined the kinematics and kinetics of the shoulder in youth baseball pitchers in light of the mechanisms of development of little league shoulder and humeral retrotorsion. Materials and Methods: The joint kinematics and the net force and torque acting on the humerus were calculated in fourteen youth pitchers throwing in a simulated game. Results: The major force component acting on the humerus was a tensile force of 378$\pm$81 N that peaked just after ball release. The predominant torque on the humerus was an external rotation torque about the long axis of the humerus. This torque reached a peak value of 35.3$\pm$6.7 Nm about 73$\%$through the pitching motion. This torque is approximately 66$\%$ of the torque required to fracture of the adult humerus. Conclusions: The direction of the humeral torque was consistent with the development of increased humeral retrotorsion in the throwing arm. Shear stress arising from the high torque during the late cocking phase likely leads to deformation the relatively weak proximal humeral epiphysis. The external rotation torque applied to the humerus during the pitch also agrees with the proposed mechanism for development little league shoulder, which has been hypothesized to be due to rotational stresses acting on the epiphysis during the throwing motion.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the Group Reminiscence Counseling on ego integrity, depression and death anxiety of the institutionalized compared to the home stay elderly. This study is conducted for 16 weeks from March 9, 2010 to June 22, 2010. The subjects of experimental group consisted of 14 elderly persons of G city. The control group consisted 13 who matched in D city. The experimental group was provided with group 60 minutes session once a week during 16 weeks. The results of this study were first, the experimental group showed higher statistically significant mean scores than control in ego integrity. second, the experimental group showed lower statistically significant mean scores than control in depression and death anxiety. Based on the above results, elder's ego integrity was improved, elder's depression and death anxiety were decreased after reminiscence counseling. it is expected that the group reminiscence counseling can be used as one program to improvement the psychological well-being of the elderly.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.420-427
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• 2010

Purpose : Several complications can occur in patients who received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) during childhood and adolescence. This study aims to investigate endocrine dysfunctions after BMT so that better care can be provided to care for long-term survivors of BMT. Methods : One hundred patients (61 males, 39 females) were included in this study. Clinical parameters such as initial diagnosis, age at BMT, conditioning regimen, presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), growth pattern, thyroid function, and pubertal status were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate risk factors associated with endocrine dysfunction. Results : Height standard deviation score (SDS) at BMT, after 1 year of BMT, and at the last visit were $0.08{\pm}1.04$, $-0.09{\pm}1.02$, and $-0.27{\pm}1.18$, respectively (P =0.001). Height SDS significantly decreased in patients who received total body irradiation (TBI) (P =0.017). One of the patients who received TBI demonstrated growth hormone deficiency. Thirty (31.9%) of 94 patients had compensated hypothyroidism. Incidence of compensated hypothyroidism was higher among those who had GVHD (odds ratio 2.82, P =0.025). Of the 32 patients (17 males, 15 females) who were over 14 years in male and 13 years in female at the last visit, 16 (3 males, 13 females) had increased luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Abnormal elevation of LH or FSH was more common in females (odds ratio 30.3, P =0.001). Conclusion : The most common endocrine dysfunction was ovarian insufficiency. Regular check-up for endocrine function needs to be required due to high incidence of endocrine dysfunction in patients with BMT.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 2020

Longitudinal studies have shown mixed findings on the association between body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem among adolescents. This study examined the longitudinal, reciprocal influences between body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem among Korean pre- and early adolescents by using nationally representative longitudinal panel data from the Korean Youth Panel Study (KYPS). Analyses based on 2,230 participants indicated that girls' body image dissatisfaction was significantly higher than boys'. The trajectory of body image dissatisfaction increased sharply during pre- and early adolescence, but stabilized afterwards for both boys and girls. Self-esteem deteriorated rapidly initially, but began to recover as adolescent girls and boys matured. Structural equation modeling showed that reciprocal influences between body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem were detected for boys. Body image dissatisfaction among girls predicted self-esteem during the entire period, while the opposite direction from self-esteem to body image dissatisfaction emerged two years later. The present study found that, during pre- and early adolescence, body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem develop in a circular fashion by forming a vicious cycle. Implications for the development of intervention and prevention programs are discussed in consideration of age and gender.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 1996

Premenstrual symptoms can begin at anytime after menache and usually remit with menopause. Numerous studies of the premenstrual symptoms have been reported, based on mature woman and clinic patients. As yet, however, no prospective study has specially examined the extent or nature of PMS in adolescents. The authors investigated the pattern of mood, behavior and physical symptom changes in the menstrual cycle for 230 high school students who reported premenstrual symptoms by using Baily Rating form(DRF), The scores on 21 symptoms of DRF were recorded daily for at least one menstrual cycle. The results as follows : 1) 1.7%(4/230) of the subjects who reported premenstrual symptoms met criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) by 30% change criteria. 2) The pattern of symptom changes in the menstrual cycle showed a clear increase in mean daily symptom score at premenstrual -1,-2 day. and reaching a maximum scores at the first day, rapidly decreased at day 4 during menstruation. 3) The mean daily symptom score in the menstrual phase was significantly higher than those in the premenstrual and postmenstrual phase, and significantly higher in the premenstrual phase than that in postmenstrual phase. 4) The scores of the subjects with longer duration of menstrual bleeding were higher than those of the subjects with the shorter duration. Particularly in the menstrual phase, there was a significant difference on the mean scores of physical symptom duster between the longer and shorter group. These results demonstrated that the mean daily pattern of symptom changes in the menstrual cycle for the subjects was similar pattern of change for the PMDD group, except high level of symptom scores if premenstrual phase. The adolescents might experienced more physical discomfort than the other symptoms in the menstrual phase Especially the subject with longer duration of mense flow were more likely to report more discomfort than that of shorter duration.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.1300-1309
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• 2008

Purpose :This study aimed to estimate age- and gender-specific cut points for metabolic syndrome (MS) components, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and glucose. Methods :Data from the 1998, 2001, and 2005 Korean NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) were analyzed (n=4164; 2,139 boys and 2,025 girls, aged 10-19 years). Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), BP, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and fasting glucose were measured. Results :BMI over $25kg/m^2$ represents the $85^{th}P$ (percentile) in 17-year-old boys and the $90^{th}P$ in 17-year-old girls. A level of WC higher than that of the cutoff points of Asian adults was found in the $90^{th}P$ of 17-year-old boys and girls. The $90^{th}P$ of boys aged 15 years old and the $95^{th}P$ of 13-year-old were included in the range of systolic BP over 130 mm Hg. Over the $75^{th}P$ of the group showed triglycerides greater than 110 mg/dL, (criterion of MS presented by NCEP-ATP III) and the $90^{th}P$ of the group showed triglycerides greater than 150 mg/dL by IDF. An HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg/dL represents the $25^{th}P$ in boys and the $10^{th}P$ in girls. A glucose level greater than 110 mg/dL represents the $95^{th}P$ and greater than 100 mg/dL represents the $90^{th}P$. Conclusion :Values of the $90^{th}P$ of MS components in late adolescent boys (WC, BP, and triglycerides) and girls (WC and triglycerides) were very high and in close proximity to the diagnostic criteria of adult MS.