• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.143-171
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• 2017

Along with the well-established evidence on the negative effect of social isolation on physical mental health and mortality, increasing attention has been paid to multi-dimensional nature of social isolation. In this study, the main effect and interaction effect of objective and subjective social isolation on heterogeneous age cohort related to the onset of dementia, which is becoming a social problem due to rapid aging of health issues, was examined through binary logistic regression analysis. Data came from the first wave of Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project (KSHAP) (N= 814). Findings showed 1) in the young-old, objective isolation was a significant on the incidence of dementia, 2) in the old-old, subjective isolation increased the risk of dementia. In summary, the relative influence of objective and subjective social isolation related to the incidence of dementia varies depending on the young-old and old-old. On the other hand, the interaction effect of objective and subjective social isolation on dementia was not significant in both the young-old and old-old. Based on the findings, we discussed implications and suggestions for future research and relevant policy and program development(dementia-friendly communities) for ameliorating objective and subjective social isolation.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.74-83
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• 1997

With increasing tendency of incidence and interest for the late onset schzophrenia, concerns about whether this disorder is etiologically or phenomenogically distinctive entity or not have increased also. To clarify the disease entity of the late onset schzophrenia and the role of structural brain changes in its etiology, authors tried to prove following hypothesis : Are there any evidences of structural brain changes in the lateonset schizophrenia? ; If present, are they not different from those of the early-onset schizophrenia or progressive schizophrenia? ; And are they not different from those of senile dementia? Subjects were 6 patients with the late-onset schizophrenia, 6 patients with the early-onset schizophrenia, 6 patients with progressive schizophrenia, 6 patients with Alzheimer's dementia, and 6 controls. We measured regions of interest of the magnetic resonance images by computer assisted planimetry using the AutoCad and digitizer. Our study results may suggest that the third ventricular enlargement and a reversal of normal difference between left and right temporal lobe and left-right difference in posterior lateral ventricle are common brain pathology for all types of schizophrenia including the late onset schzophrenia. And also suggest that brain structural changes of the late onset schizophrenia are related with neurodevelopmental abnormality rather than degenerative change.

• Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-55
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• 2019

Objectives: Late-onset schizophrenia (LOS, age at first onset ≥40 years) is characterized by including predominance of women, better premorbid social adjustment and lower severity of positive/negative symptoms. However, few studies have been conducted on LOS, especially in Asian countries. This study aimed to examine the clinical features of LOS in comparison with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). Methods: By retrospectively reviewing medical records, we assessed demographic data and clinical features of 76 LOS (20 males) and 357 EOS (144 males) who admitted to the psychiatric ward of a general hospital. Results: The mean ages of onset were 47.3±5.1 (LOS) and 25.7±6.5 (EOS) years. There were significantly more women in LOS (73.7%) than EOS (59.6%). Significantly more LOS patients had a marital (88.2% vs. 25.8%) and employment history (28.9% vs. 13.1%) than EOS. Patients with LOS had fewer negative (14.3±9.0 vs. 19.9±9.3), general psychopathology score (36.9±11.1 vs. 42.3±13.9) than EOS patients. Conclusion: In line with previous studies, this study demonstrated that LOS patients have better premorbid social adjustment. Our finding also replicates previous findings that LOS patients differ from EOS in predominance of women and relative lack of negative symptoms. These results suggest that LOS may be a distinct subtype of schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2018

Purpose: West syndrome is a severe form of age-specific epilepsy that typically affects infants younger than 2 years of age with mitochondrial disease. We aimed to examine age-specific characteristics of the syndrome in these patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients with West syndrome diagnosed with mitochondrial disease between March 2006 and March 2016. We compared treatment strategies and diagnostic and clinical variables between patients with early-onset (<6 months of age) and late-onset (${\geq}6$ months of age) seizures. Results: Seizure was the first symptom in 30 (90.9%) and 13 (65%) patients of the early-onset and late-onset groups, respectively (P=0.046). Delayed development was observed in 3 (9.1%) and 7 (35%) patients of the early-onset and late-onset groups, respectively (P=0.023). Lactate levels were normal in 17 patients (55%) of the early-onset group and 5 (25%) of the late-onset group (P=0.036), while initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were normal in 23 (67.6%) and 8 (40%) patients of the early-onset and late-onset groups, respectively. Final MRI findings were abnormal in 32 patients (94.1%) of the early-onset group and 18 (90%) of the late-onset group (P=0.036). Although ketogenic diets reduced seizure frequency in both groups, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in epilepsy-related variables when patients are divided based on a cut-off age of 6 months. However, differences in the first symptom at onset and MRI findings were observed. Although lactate levels were not of significant diagnostic value in the early-onset group, they may be in the late-onset group.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2006

In the late growth stage of rice plant, the growth declines even though they grow well in early growth stage. This phenomenon is called autumn declining and it often accompanies the infection of Helminthosporium leaf spot disease. This study was carried out to identify the related environmental factors and to establish the integrated control system of Helminthosporium Leaf Spot Disease in rice. The total area of infected paddy field by Helminthosporium leaf spot was 470 ha in 2000 and 1,004 ha in 2001, which occupied about 1% of the total paddy area in Gyeongbuk province, Korea. The ill-drained sandy paddy occupied 50% of the total area of infected paddy fields and followed by sandy paddy (28%). Comparing the content of soil elements between infected and normal paddy, it was clarified that the organic matter content of normal was higher than that of infected paddy and the contents of inorganic elements such as Mn, Fe, Zn and available $SiO_2$ were also higher in normal paddy. The results of comparing the inorganic elements between infected and normal rice plants also showed the same results. The contents of inorganic elements such as MgO, $SiO_2$, Fe, Mn were higher in normal rice plants. Especially highly significant difference of $SiO_2$ content on both soil and rice plants was noticeable.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.339-347
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• 2019

This study was conducted from November 1, 2017 to November 30, 2017 in 268 women in late postmenopausal period in D and S shipyards located in G city. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the risk factors of cerebrovascular disease according to the presence or absence of risk factors of cerebrovascular disease. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their general characteristics, cerebrovascular disease prevention knowledge, attitude and health behavior. The variables that had statistically significant difference in health group and risk group were age (F=92.239, p<.001), cohabitation type ($x^2=20.056$, p<.001), income level ($x^2=39.023$, p<.001), the number of working hours per week (F=32.217, p<.001), the number of working years (F=12.310, p=.001), family history of cardiovascular disease ($x^2=233.442$, p<.001), subjective health status($x^2=19.058$, p=.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups in the degree of knowledge related to prevention of cardiovascular disease (F=2.679, p=.008) and health behavior fulfillment (F=4.339, p<.001). (r=.348, p<.001), the risk group had a higher knowledge (r=.279, p=.002), and the other group Attitude (r=.194, p=.030) showed a statistically significant correlation. Based on this, it is necessary to develop and apply an intervention program considering the characteristics of vulnerable group of cerebrovascular disease.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.250-254
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• 2012

In July 2011, hundreds of garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) were found to be infected with a white smut in Namyangju. Further surveys in central Korea showed that the disease occurred in all the nine localities visited, with disease incidence rate of >50%. Symptoms manifested as pale-green to chlorotic areas on the leaves, followed by white mildew development on lesions. The lesions usually coalesced and became necrotic, considerably reducing the aesthetic value. Caespituli were initially hypophyllous but later epiphyllous as well. Conidiophores were 10-40 in moderately dense fascicles, hyaline throughout, mostly guttulate, $20-45{\times}2-4{\mu}m$, obtuse at the apex, and had inconspicuous conidial scars. Conidia were solitary, botuliform, hyaline, aseptate, mostly guttulate, apex rounded, base rounded to truncate, $17-24{\times}3.5-5{\mu}m$, hilum inconspicuous, unthickened, and not darkened. Sori were rounded to elongated, resulting in first white and later brown leaf spots. Teliospores embedded in the leaf tissue were subglobose to ellipsoidal, subhyaline to pale yellowish-brown, $12.5-20{\times}10-15{\mu}m$. These morphological characteristics corresponded with those of Entyloma cosmi V$\acute{a}$nky, Horita & Jage. This is the first report of white smut disease of garden cosmos due to infection of E. cosmi in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of woody chared materials on the injuries and growth of plant, and chemical properties of soil in the continuous cropping field of red pepper. The field for the experiment was selected among districts, where have been taking place seriously injuries by continuous cropping of red pepper for above 20 years. The growth of red pepper was promoted and the growing period was prolonged about 2 weeks longer than that of control, and yield was increased with the increment of charcoal application amount. The occurrance rate of phytopthora blight disease was 9% lower at charcoal 500 kg/l0a application treatment than at control in the experiment of application amount of the first year, but was not significantly different between sizes of charcoal. The mix of charcoal and pyroligeous liquor had no effect on the growth of red pepper. In applicated soil of charcoal, pH was increased, EC was decreased, and Ca and Mg content was low somewhat. In all, charcoal granule was most effective type. The B/F value of soil was higher at the charcoal powder treatment on July 18 than other treatment, but was no difference between treatments in anytime else.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2011

Purpose: Late-onset hypotension in preterm infants is not a rare condition. Late circulatory collapse due to adrenal insufficiency (AI) is one of the major causes of late-onset hypotension. We assessed the incidence and causes of late-onset hypotension. We also compared the clinical findings according to the presence of AI. Methods: In total, 244 preterm infants with a gestational age ${\leq}$32 weeks and who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Seoul National University Boramae Hospital and Seoul National University Hospital from January 2009 to April 2011 were included. Clinical findings were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Forty-four infants (18%) suffered from late-onset hypotension. Hydrocortisone was administered to 30 infants (68.2%) and AI occurred in 16 infants (36.4%). Cesarean section, sepsis before hypotension, and gastrointestinal surgery were independently associated with late-onset hypotension. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was less frequent in the hydrocortisonetreated group than in infants not treated with hydrocortisone. The AI group had fewer IUGR infants, and the duration of hospitalization was shorter in the AI group than in infants who were not administered hydrocortisone. Blood pressure tended to normalize more quickly in the AI group, however, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: AI was a major cause of late-onset hypotension, and the use of hydrocortisone shortened the length of hospitalization.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2011

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the single most common infection following kidney transplantation and despite prophylactic strategies and the development of new antiviral agents, it still remains a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality. Current literature suggests that CMV infection may trigger rejection. We report a case of late CMV disease in a preemptive seropositive recipient who did not receive CMV prophylaxis. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping persisted after the administration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) six months after transplantation and resulted in ileal perforation at eight months after transplantation. The boy recovered after six weeks of treatment with ganciclovir. MMF has been mooted as a risk factor for CMV infection since its introduction, and further investigations are required to confirm its role. More attention to infectious complications is necessary and serial monitoring of viral load is recommended when MMF is administered.