• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 1998

Diffraction tomography (DT) is a quantitative technique for high resolution subsurface imaging. In general DT algorithm is used for crosswell imaging. In this study high resolution GPR DT algorithm which is able to reconstruct high resolution image of subsurface structures in multi-monostatic geometry is developed. Developed algorithm is applied to finite difference data and its criteria of application and its limit are studied. Inversion parameters (number of imaging frequency, regularization factor, frequency range) are deduced from isolated weak scattering model. And the usuability of the algorithm is proved by applying to models which break the weak scattering approximation.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 2013

디지털 홀로그래픽 현미경이나 정량적 위상 현미경(quantitative phase microscopy)과 같은 기존의 간섭현미경은 3차원 이미징 기술로 분류되는데, 이는 획득한 이미지의 복소장(complex field)을 계산을 통해 다른 깊이로 전파시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 그러나 엄밀한 의미에서는 하나의 복소장 이미지는 단지 2차원 맵이기 때문에 근본적으로는 샘플의 2차원 정보만을 가지고, 물체의 3차원 구조의 일부분을 측정하는 것에 지나지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 1969년에 Wolf가 제안한[1,2] 홀로그래픽 회절 토모그래피(Optical Diffraction Tomography: ODT)를 실험적으로 구현한 3차원 위상 현미경(Tomographic Phase Microscopy: TPM)을 소개하고자 한다. TPM은 샘플을 다양한 각도로 조명하여 서로 다른 입사각에 대해 복소장 이미지를 얻고, ODT를 통해서 샘플의 3차원 구조를 복원해내는 기술이다. 보다 구체적으로는 다양하고 독립적인 2차원 이미지들을 샘플의 3차원 푸리에 공간에 맵핑함으로써 샘플 단면의 흡수율과 굴절률을 복원할 수 있다. 굴절률은 분자 농도와 비례하기 때문에, 살아있는 세포에 대한 굴절률의 3차원 맵을 얻을 수 있으면 세포 내부의 분자 구성을 연구할 수 있고, 이를 통해 다양한 생의학적 응용을 연구할 수 있다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2003

For the dectection of small cavity in the hard rock, we investigated the feasibility of crosswell travel-time tomography and Kirchhoff migration technique. In travel-time tomography, first arrival anomaly caused by small cavity was investigated by numerical modeling based on the knowledge of actual field information. First arrival delay was very small (<0.125 msec) and detectable receiver offset range was limited to 4m with respect to $1\%$ normalized first arrival anomaly. As a consequence, it was turned out that carefully designed survey array with both sufficient narrow spatial spacing and temporal (<0.03125 msec) sampling were required for small cavity detection. Also, crosswell Kirchhoff migration technique was investigated with both numerical and real data. Stack section obtained by numerical data shows the good cavity image. In crosswell seismic data, various unwanted seismic events such as direct wave and various mode converted waves were alto recorded. To remove these noises und to enhance the diffraction signal, combination of median and bandpass filtering was applied and prestack and stacked migration images were created. From this, we viewed the crosswell migration technique as one of the adoptable method for small cavity detection.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.279-290
• /
• 2006

The borehole radar methods used to tunnel detection are mainly classified into borehole radar reflection, directional antenna, crosshole scanning, and radar tomography methods. In this study, we have investigated the feasibility and limitation of each method to tunnel detection through case studies. In the borehole radar reflection data, there were much more clear diffraction signals of the upper wings than lower wings of the hyperbolas reflected from the tunnel, and their upper and lower wings were spreaded out to more than 10m higher and lower traces from the peaks of the hyperbolas. As the ratio of borehole diameter to antenna length increases, the ringing gets stronger on the data due to the increase in the impedance mismatching between antennas and water in the boreholes. It is also found that the reflection signals from the tunnel could be enhanced using the optimal offset distance between transmitter and receiver antennas. Nevertheless, the borehole radar reflection data could not provide directional information of the reflectors in the subsurface. Direction finding antenna system had a advantage to take a three dimensional location of a tunnel with only one borehole survey even though the cost is still very high and it required very high expertise. The data from crosshole scanning could be a good indicator for tunnel detection and it could give more reliable result when the borehole radar reflection survey is carried out together. The images of the subsurface also can be reconstructed using travel time tomography which could provide the physical property of the medium and would be effective for imaging the underground structure such as tunnels. Based on the results described above, we suggest a cost-effective field procedure for detection of a tunnel using borehole radar techniques; borehole radar reflection survey using dipole antenna can firstly be applied to pick up anomalous regions within the borehole, and crosshole scanning or reflection survey using directional antenna can then be applied only to the anomalous regions to detect the tunnel.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 2001

An effective seismic reflection technique for mapping the cavities and bedrock surface in carbonate rocks is described. The high resolution seismic reflection images were successfully registered by using the hydrophones employed in the stream-water driven trench, and were effectively focused by applying optimal data processing sequences. The strategy included enhancement of the signal interfered with the large-amplitude scattering noise, through pre- and post stack processing such as time-variant filtering, bad-trace editing, residual statics, velocity analysis, and careful muting after NMO (normal moveout) correction. The major reflections including the bedrock surface were mapped with the desired resolution and were correlated to the seismic crosshole tomographic data. Shallow major reflectors could be identified and analyzed on the AGC (auto gain control)-applied field records. Three subhorizontal layers were identified with their distinct velocities; overburden (<3000 m/s), sediments (3000-4000 m/s), limestone bedrock (>4000 m/s). Taking into account of no diffraction effects in the field records, gravel-rich overburdens and sediments are considered to be well sorted. Based on the images mapped consistently on the whole survey line and seismic velocity increasing with depth, this area probably lacks in sizable cavities (if any, no air-filled cavities).