• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.690-695
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• 2005

Nitric acid is an oxidizing agent used in metal refining and cleaning, electroplating, and other industrial applications. Its accidental spillage generates oxides of nitrogen, including nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), which cause chemical pneumonitis when inhaled. The clinical presentation of a nitric acid inhalation injury depends on the duration and intensity of exposure. In mild cases, there may be no symptoms during the first few hours after exposure, or the typical symptoms of pulmonary edema can appear within 3-24 hours. However, in cases of prolonged exposure, progressive pulmonary edema develops instantaneously and patients may not survive for more than 24 hours. We report a case of a 44-year-old male who was presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome after nitric acid inhalation. He complained of cough and dyspnea of a sudden onset after inhaling nitric acid fumes at his workplace over a four-hour period. He required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation due to fulminant respiratory failure. He was managed successfully with mechanical ventilation using positive end expiratory pressure and systemic corticosteroids, and recovered fully without any deterioration in his pulmonary function.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-170
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• 2007

Purpose: This investigation was designed to determine the translucency and color stability of various core ceramics for all-ceramic restoration using the CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ system. Material and Methods: IPS e.max Press ceramic(Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein), $LAVA^{TM}$ All Ceramic(3M-Espe, Germany), Cercon Smart Ceramic(Dentsply, Germany), and Z-match Ceramic(DentAim, Korea) were used for this study. For the specimens of zirconia oxide ceramics, the as-sintered cylindrical blanks($11.0{\times}25.0mm$) were machined into the shape of a disk(0.4, 0.8, 1.5 mm in thickness, 10 mm in diameters) with a diamond grind machine. The IPS e.max Press specimens ($0.8{\times}10mm$) were fabricated using the "lost wax" technique. CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ coordinates and light transmission were recorded for each specimen with a spectrophotometer(CM-2600d, Minolta, Japan). Color differences were calculated using the equation, ${\Delta}E^*ab=[({\Delta}L^*)2+({\Delta}a^*)2+({\Delta}b^*)2]1/2$. Results: The results were obtained as follows: 1. The most translucent group was IPS e.max Press ceramic that is a glass-ceramic, and $Lava^{TM}$ and Z-match ceramic were more translucent than Cercon Smart ceramic in zirconia ceramic group. 2. In the all groups, there was no significant translucent change after 6 times heat-treatments required to make a final restoration. 3. Colored zirconia was showed more yellowish and dark than uncolored zirconia. 4. After heat-pressing, IPS e.max Press ceramic was showed high ${\Delta}E^*ab$ value(4.1 of eM1, 6.8 of eM2) that means to be more whiter than before heat-pressing. However, there was no color change after additive heat treatments for final restoration. 5. In the colored zirconia groups, there was no significant color change after some heat-treatments required to make a final restoration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2018

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (omija) is often used in Chinese medicine to treat various human diseases, and is known to possess various bioactive components such as schizandrin and gomisin A. In the present study, we prepared ethanol extracts of pomace of Schisandra chinensis (PSC) and investigated their effects on cell viability and expression changes of pro-apoptotic genes such as ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 in human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. PSC significantly reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and also dramatically induced the expression of ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 genes, with resveratrol used as a positive control. We also assessed the effects of pure compound schizandrin (SZ) derived from Schisandra chinensis on cell viability and expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as ATF3, NAG-1 and p21. The results showed that SZ also decreased cell viabilities in a dose-dependent manner and increased the expression of ATF3, NAG-1 and p21 genes. In addition, apoptosis was detected in SZ-treated HCT116 cells, which was confirmed with PARP cleavage. PARP cleavage was recovered in part by the transfection of NAG-1 siRNA. The results indicate that NAG-1 is one of the genes responsible for apoptosis induced by SZ. Overall, our findings may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities mediated by PSC and SZ.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.867-876
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• 2020

This study investigated the repair of UVB-induced cell damage by magnolol. We performed a drug-repurposing screen, and, in the STAT3 reporter gene assay, magnolol was identified as a suppressor of STAT3 that improves the cell viability of HDF cells. HDF cells treated with IL-6, UVB, and IFNγ showed the highest expression of Jak2 and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), and magnolol was able to decrease the expression of Jak2 and p-STAT3 in UVB-induced cells. Moreover, UVB-damaged cell growth increased significantly in correlation with both reactivation and with magnolol in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with AG490 (a Jak2 inhibitor) treatment of UVB-treated HDF cells, cell proliferation increased significantly. We confirmed that AG490 and magnolol reduced TNF-α concentrations, and Western blotting (protein level) showed decreases in Jak2 and p-STAT3 expression in only the magnolol-treated cells. The expression of Jak2, p-STAT3, and SOCS3 also increased only after treatment with magnolol. Cells were treated with magnolol and ML385 (an NRF2 inhibitor), and these secondary metabolites reduced cell proliferation and NRF2 expression. The amount of MMP9 was also increased by cotreatment with magnolol and ML385. Collectively, these results demonstrate the potential of magnolol for repairing cells after UVB-induced damage by regulating the expression of NRF2, SOCS3, Jak2, and STAT3.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2019

Habitat loss by industrialization, urbanization, and poaching reduced the population of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetabus ussuricus) population in South Korea in the late 20^th Century. In the early 2000s, the Korean Government had begun a restoration project of Asiatic black bear. In 2017, a bear was found in Mt. Sudosan, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, approximately 80 km from Mt. Jirisan where the bear was first released. Genetic analysis confirmed that this bear was one of the Jirisan bear population, estimating that this bear escaped from its habitat. After trapping this bear in Mt. Sudosan, it was rereleased again in Mt. Jirisan, but this bear moved again to Mt. Sudosan. After 2^nd trapping and releasing, this bear came back to Mt. Sudosan. In Mt. Sudosan, this bear covered a greater distance and moved more as compared to other Asiatic black bear in Mt. Jirisan. Today, this bear has its home range within Mt. Sudosan area after the third release, estimating that this bear is stable and active in this area. Our findings are the first case showing the interesting pattern of repetitive disperse activities and habitat expansion of Asiatic black bear. The results of this case are valuable information that can be used for wildlife conservation and restoration of endangered wildlife.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.497-531
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• 2002

It is very important for rehabilitation to deal with psychological aspects of persons with disabilities, as well as efforts improving the institutional and environmental conditions. A majority of persons with severe disabilities in the situation of Korea have difficulty in having and maintaining a job. Work should and would be a source of self-respect and material well-being in this modern society. Therefore, Vocational rehabilitation services are measures in restoration of family functions and social participation of persons with disabilities. This study aims at investigating linguistic characteristics and the validity of constructional concepts of picture interest test Inventories that have been utilized for the segregated groups of people such as persons with developmental disabilities. Picture interest test inventories seemed to be valid for measuring psychological traits and characteristics of people with mental retardation, and this finding can be extended to the group of other developmental disabilities, such as learning disabilities and mild/moderate behavioral deficits. The Holland classification system seemed to be best fitted for developing a comprehensive and accurate vocational interest inventory.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.165-194
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• 2005

This study is to explore how TV drama describes divorce process by the reason of extramarital relationship in the drama. To explore this subject, 30 drama synopses delineating extramarital relationship were analyzed. The results revealed that most of the couples had difficulties in emotional relationship and communication. The couples relationship was described traditionally patriarchal: husbands showed their authorities and wives showed dependency on their husbands. The partners of extramarital relationship were the lovers before current marriage. The patterns of extramarital relationship included 'intention to look for vitality despite satisfying current marriage' for the husbands and 'intention to avoid dissatisfied current marriage temporally' or 'to maintain marriage despite dissatisfaction' for the wives. For those who married 6 years and longer, more extramarital relationship was accepted as a terminator of the marriage. And in many cases, the divorce dose not mean to maintain the relationship with extramarital partner but to collapse of trust in partner. The results imply that the social work needs to be more sensitive to middle-class couples' communication and relationship problems. This will lead to the development of the social work intervention program for the couples.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.60
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• pp.5-27
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore the journalist Song Kun-Ho's ideas of Korean Journalism. The journalist Song Kun-Ho was born in 1926 and passed away in 2001. He became a reporter in 1953 when he was a student at department of law of Seoul National University. He has worked for several media and resigned the executive editor at the Dong Ah Ilbo in 1975. At that time, while many reporters of the Dong Ah Ilbo struggled for the freedom of the press, he tried to protect reporters and independence of media. After his resignation of the executive editor, he wrote many columns and several books for Korean nationalism and the democracy of journalism. Instead of working for the authoritarian military regime, he chose a lonely and rough life as an intellectual journalist in action. Finally, he, as a president, established the Hankyoreh daily newspaper which was funded by tens of thousands citizens. He passed away in 2001. His ideas of Korean journalism are nationalism, democracy, and independency. These ideas are very important to restore democratic journalism which has been at risk during the Lee Myung-bak administration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of new materials with forest topsoil for hydroseeding measures that is environmentally and ecologically stable revegetation measures on rock cut-slopes. Field hydroseeding experiment was used with a completely randomized design at highway rock cut-slopes in April, 1997. Results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: Particle size distribution of 3 mixed-soil materials that consisted of forest topsoil, decomposed granite soil, compost, sludge, and bottom ash did not show a significant difference. As appending the amount of forest topsoil, soil bulk density was increased. Soil hardness was slightly increased in early period, and then decreased with the flourishing of plants. The number of individuals increased, more than $3,000seedlings/m^2$, after 1 month, and it was decreased as time passes because of competition between the seeded species and the naturally emerged species. In addition to the seeded species, seeding plot has more than 6 species (Rubus crataegifolius, Eleusine indica, Erigeron canadensis, Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme, etc.) per $m^2$ were naturally appeared in the first year. From the viewpoint of species diversity promotion, the capability of using forest topsoil as seed bank sources was high. In order to apply in the field, the investigation and analysis of topsoil availability (quantity and quality of seed source, soil texture and organic composition) should be carried out before-hand.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.425-430
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• 2005

Thermophilic $H_2$ was produced for 1 year using a bench-scale continuous stirred tank reactor(CSTR). The CSTR was inoculated with anaerobically digested sludge after heat treatment and fed with a glucose-based medium. The reactor showed relatively short start-up period(30 days) and high maximal $H_2$ yield(2.4 mol $H_2/mol$ glucose). Keeping pH 5.0 or less suppressed methanogenic activity. Bacteria affiliated with Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum kept being dominant from approximately 40 days as determined by DGGE. Environmental perturbation(pH or temperature) caused the decrease of biomass concentration in the reactor and the instability of reactor performance, $H_2$ production rate and $H_2$ yield. The unstable performance was accompanied with high concentration of lactate in the effluent. Taken together, the poor recovery of CSTR after perturbations could be partly explained by low biomass concentration and/or metabolic shift of the major population in the CSTR.