• 한국자기학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

황산제일철/황산제이철의 몰비와 침전제 종류(NaOH, $NH_4OH$)를 변화시켜 공침법으로 $Fe_3O_4$를 합성하였다. 합성한 분말의 특성을 평가한 결과 모든 실험조건(황산제일철/황산제이철의 몰비와 침전제의 종류)에서 단일상의 나노 크기 $Fe_3O_4$가 생성 되었다. NaOH를 침전제로 사용한 경우에 $NH_4OH$를 침전제로 사용한 경우보다 입자크기가 작고, 좁은 입도분포를 나타내었다. 동일한 침전제를 사용할 경우에는 혼합 황산철(황산제일철/황산제이철)의 몰비가 증가할수록 입자크기와 결정자 크기가 증가하였으며 입도 분포는 넓어졌다. 모든 실험조건에서 합성된 $Fe_3O_4$ 분말은 초상자성을 나타내었으며 침전제로 $NH_4OH$를 사용하고 혼합 황산철의 몰비를 2.5로 하였을 때 가장 높은 포화자화 값 72 emu/g을 갖는 $Fe_3O_4$를 합성할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.136-137
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• 2007

LCD 패널의 전기전도에 대한 물량여부를 측정하기 위한 프르브 유니트의 핵심소자 중 하나인 블레이드 타입의 핀을 제작하는데 있어서 주 소재인 베릴륨니켈 박판의 식각 조건에 대하여 연구하였다. 사용된 베릴륨니켈 기판의 두께는 $20{\mu}m$이며, DFR을 이용하여 패터닝하였고 염화제이철 및 황산을 첨가한 용액을 이용하여 침전법으로 단면 식각을 실시하였다. 베릴륨니켈 박판은 2mol의 염화제이철에 1mol의 황산을 첨가한 용액으로 $40^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 식각하였을때 가장 빠른 식각을 보였으며, 그에 따라 식각된 면의 상태도 매우 깨끗하고 수직 가까운 식각면이 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2010

The chemical formula of magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) is $FeO{\cdot}Fe_2O_3$, t magnetite being composed of divalent ferrous ion and trivalent ferric ion. In this study, the influence of the coexistence of ferrous and ferric ion on the formation of iron oxide was investigated. The effect of the co-precipitation parameters (equivalent ratio and reaction temperature) on the formation of iron oxide was investigated using ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ammonia. The equivalent ratio was varied from 0.1 to 3.0 and the reaction temperature was varied from 25 to 75. The concentration of the three starting solutions was 0.01mole. Jarosite was formed when equivalent ratios were 0.1-0.25 and jarosite, goethite, magnetite were formed when equivalent ratios were 0.25-0.6. Single-phase magnetite was formed when the equivalent ratio was above 0.65. The crystallite size and median particle size of the magnetite decreased when the equivalent ratio was increased from 0.65 to 3.0. However, the crystallite size and median particle size of the magnetite increased when the reaction temperature was increased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $75^{\circ}C$. When ferric and ferrous sulfates were used together, the synthetic conditions to get single phase magnetite became simpler than when ferrous sulfate was used alone because of the co-existence of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ in the solution.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2011

The effect of ferrous/ferric molar ratio on the formation of nano-sized magnetite particles was investigated by a co-precipitation method. Ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate were used as iron sources and sodium hydroxide was used as a precipitant. In this experiment, the variables were the ferrous/ferric molar ratio (1.0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0) and the equivalent ratio (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0), while the reaction temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) and reaction time (30 min.) were fixed. Argon gas was flowed during the reactions to prevent the $Fe^{2+}$ from oxidizing in the air. Single-phase magnetite was synthesized when the equivalent ratio was above 2.0 with the ferrous/ferric molar ratios. However, goethite and magnetite were synthesized when the equivalent ratio was 1.0. The crystallinity of magnetite increased as the equivalent ratio increased up to 3.0. The crystallite size (5.6 to 11.6 nm), median particle size (15.4 to 19.5 nm), and saturation magnetization (43 to 71 $emu.g^{-1}$) changed depending on the ferrous/ferric molar ratio. The highest saturation magnetization (71 $emu.g^{-1}$) was obtained when the equivalent ratio was 3.0 and the ferrous/ferric molar ratio was 2.5.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2012

The coagulation of combined sewer overflows ($CSO_{s}$) was investigated by jar-testing with several commercial coagulants. $CSO_{s}$ sample showed different characteristics of coagulation from secondary wastewater with three common coagulants, aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride and polyaluminum chloride (PACl). Jar-tests showed that relatively wide range of optimal SS and T-P removal yielded with alum and ferric chloride compared with cationic polymers, though efficient SS and T-P removal can be achieved with all three coagulants. The decrease of pH was caused by the increase in dosage of aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride and PACl as coagulants. The pH was changed from 7.0 to 4.7 with the dosages of ferric chloride 25 mL/L. Aluminum sulfate revealed pH of 5.0 and PACl was highest pH of 5.4 after dosing of coagulants. The optimal pH to treat $CSO_{s}$ with aluminum sulfate were 6-6.5; with PACl 6-7, and with ferric chloride higher than 7.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.537-548
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• 2010

Recently the Government has announced updated water quality standards for wastewater treatment effluent (become effective in 2012). That includes highly enforced regulations for T-P, BOD and COD, and a large budget, in particular for phosphorus removal, was set by the Ministry of environment. Chemical coagulation destabilizes colloidal particles so that particles grow to larger flocs, and solid particles are removed by solid-liquid separation. The efficiency of chemical coagulation depends on a various factors, including coagulant types and costs, construction and operation costs for the treatment facilities and so on. The proper selection should be based on the treatment efficiency of coagulants and underlying costs. The current research was to evaluate the treatment efficiencies of coagulants on a variety of wastewater influents and to develop saturation curves for several water quality parameters. Typical $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $FeCl_3$ were tested under a range of coagulant concentrations. The pollutant removal efficiencies of chemical treatment both for the $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ and $FeCl_3$ were especially high for T-P, followed by SS, BOD and COD. Correlation test also proved the highest relationship between SS and T-P.