• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.227-238
• /
• 2015

Korean species within the genus Astragalus have been taxonomically revised based on herbarium specimens and field examinations. In this study, we recognized the following eight species and one variety: A. laxmannii subsp. laxmannii, A. dahuricus, A. sikokianus, A. uliginosus, A. schelichowii, A. setsureianus, A. mongholicus var. dahuricus, A. mongholicus var. nakaianus, and A. sinicus. Based on recent taxonomic progress with this genus, their scientific names are being reconsidered. A Korean plant, previously recorded as A. adsurgens, is included in the polymorphic taxa A. laxmannii subsp. laxmannii. Astragalus koraiensis was initially described from Gangwon Province as an endemic species, and it is now regarded as conspecific with A. sikokianus. Furthermore, the taxonomic entities and their morphological characteristics have been clarified for A. schelichowii and A. setsureianus, both of which are not well known in Korea. We provide a key to these species and enumerate their synonymies and taxonomic notes.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2007

목적 : 황기가 혈관 신생 작용이 있는지에 관하여 관찰한다. 황기는 상처의 치유나 허혈성 질환에 효과를 나타내는 것으로 알려져있다. 이러한 효과가 황기의 혈관 신생작용과의 관련성을 이해하며 향후 임상에 쓰일 수 있는 황기 약침액 개발을 위한 기초 자료를 목표로 한다. 방법 : 황기의 혈관 신생 작용의 관찰을 위하여 human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)와 Matrigel angiogenesis model을 이용하여 연구하였다. 결과 : 황기는 용량에 따라서 HUVECs의 증식을 나타내었다. 또한 혈관 내피 세포의 이동과 관형 형성을 보였다. 혈관 신생 물질인 basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)가 황기에 의해 증가하였다. Matrigel angiogenesis model에서 황기는 조직학적으로 혈관 형성을 촉진하였으며，헤모글로빈의 증가를 나타내었다.

• Food Engineering Progress
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.362-369
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fish paste prepared with Astragalus membranaceus powder (0-2.0%). The pH of the samples ranged from 6.75 to 6.86 and the moisture content ranged from 77.19 to 80.18%. Increasing amount of Astragalus membranaceus powder in the fish paste tended to increase the redness and yellowness in Hunter color value. Textural property analysis indicated that the strength of the sample paste increased and its springiness decreased with an increasing amount of Astragalus membranaceus powder. The fish paste prepared with Astragalus membranaceus powder (2.0%), especially, showed the highest values in cohesiveness, brittleness, and gumminess. In addition, all the samples had good flexibility. In sensory evaluation, the addition of 1.0% Astragalus membranaceus powder had the best score in color, texture, taste, and overall preference. Therefore, this results suggest that 1.0% Astragalus membranaceus powder can be applied to produce fish paste with high functionality and sensory preference.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2013

To clarify the taxonomic position for Astragalus nakaianus and provide correct scientific name for A. mongholicus cultivar in South Korea, we examined external morphological characters and sequence variations from ITS and five cp non-coding DNA regions. Genetic structure was also analyzed for 61 individuals from three populations using nine microsatellite loci. We found no significant difference between the South Korean cultivar and A. mongholicus var. dahuricus when morphology and ITS sequences were considered. Morphologically, A. nakaianus specimens varied somewhat from A. mongholicus var. mongholicus and var. dahuricus in habit, plant height, and lengths of leaf axis and leaflet. Although sequence data from ITS and cp noncoding DNA regions could not distinguished A. nakaianus from A. mongholicus, microsatellite analysis revealed strong structuring between the cultivar and A. nakaianus. Therefore, we conclude that the South Korean A. mongholicus cultivar should be treated as A. mongholicus var. dahuricus and that A. nakaianus should be merged into A. mongholicus as a variety, i.e., A. mongholicus var. nakaianus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to determine the karyotype and chromosomal localizations of 45S and 5S rDNAs using FISH in Astragalus koraiensis. The somatic metaphase chromosome number of this species was 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number of x = 8. The karyotype of A. koraiensis was consisted of six pairs of median region chromosomes(chromosome 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and two pairs of submedian chromosomes(chromosome 2, 7). Based on the FISH, one pair of 45S rDNA site was detected on the centromeric region of chromosome 5. Whereas, two pair of 5S sites were detected on the short arm of chromosome 4 and centromeric region of chromosome 7, respectively. These are quite different patterns from A. membranaceus, A. membranaceus var. alpinus, and A. mongholicus. Although A. koraiensis is considered as Korean endemic species, therefore, it should be conducted out comparative FISH study with A. sikokianus and A. bhotanensis which are very similar to A. koraiensis morphologically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.12
• /
• pp.1793-1796
• /
• 2011

The effects of ethanol extracts from Astragali membranaceus Bunge (AMB) and A. membranaceus Bunge var mongholicus Hisiao (AMBMH) on antioxidant and nitric oxide (NO) production were evaluated. The total polyphenol contents of AMBMH extracts from two, four, and six-year old roots was 45.3, 71.3, and 78.0 mg/g, respectively. These values and those of total flavonoid content were higher than those of AMB extracts. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in ethanol extracts from four-year old AMBMH roots. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was also higher than those of AMB in ethanol extracts from four- and six-year old AMBMH roots, but not in two-year old roots. The NO production of ethanol extracts from six-year old AMBMH roots was higher than that of two- and four-year old AMBMH roots. However, there is no significant difference in NO production based on the cultivation period of AMB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mycelia of Lentinus edoes mushroom-cultured Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (LAM) on proliferation of cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa), sarcoma 180 (S-180), and anti-allergy. In an anti-cancer test using Hep3B (hepatic cancer cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) and HeLa (uterine cancer cell), LAM extract showed higher antiproliferating effect than that of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (AM) extract. In an anti-cancer testing using Hep3B cells and MCF-7 cells, LAM extract showed growth-inhibitory effect of 65.23% at 3 mg/mL and 69.23% at 5 mg/mL, respectively. In an anti-cancer testing using HeLa cells, LAM extract showed growth-inhibitory effect of 42.01% at 5 mg/mL. In addition, LAM showed the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected with S-180 cells. The growth-inhibitory rates against tumor cells were 47% for LAM and 37% for AM. LAM inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes mushroom-cultured herb has an antiproliferating effect against cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa), S-180 tumor and will be beneficial in the treatment of allergic reaction.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) fermented with seven different mushroom mycelia. Physicochemical characteristics, such as contents of moisture, pH, total reducing sugars, free sugar, and isoflavonoid, were investigated. The moisture content was increased in most of the samples. The pH values of AM fermented with Phellinus linteus and Flammulina velutipes were increased, while the pH of other samples were similar to that of non-fermented AM. The reducing sugar content was in the range of 211.69~391.74 mg/100 g. The extraction yield using water was higher than that when extracted with 80% ethanol. The free sugar content was increased through fermentation with mushroom mycelia. However, the glucose contents of the 80% ethanol and water extracts were decreased. Finally, the calycosin and formononetin contents in 80% ethanol and water extracts of AM fermented with Phellinus linteus were 2,549.24 mg/g, and 827.66 mg/g for calycosin, and 1,366.69 mg/g and 221.28 mg/g for formononetin, respectively. These results suggest that fermentation with mushroom mycelia could be used to increase the bioactivity of AM. The mycelium-fermented AM might be a valuable source of functional material and edible resource for industry.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.191-201
• /
• 2014

In order to find useful taxonomic morphological characters, 17 taxa from East-Asia Astragalus and Oxytropis anertii were investigated. In this study, seed coat structure, fruit surface, and fruit anatomical structures were selected to classify the species in Astragalus. As a results, useful morphological and anatomical characters in East-Asia Astragalus were life cycle, leaflet shape, raceme, petal color, seed color, pod shape, absent or present of hairs in pod surface, bent degree of dorsal suture, and thickness of endocarp. Using medicinal sources in China, A. floridus, A. membranaceus, A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and A. tongolensis were formed same group. However, these were not completely consensus in the morphological characters. The other hand, A. koraiensis and A. sikokianus, which have controversial taxonomic issue, have clearly no differences morphological characters each other. Therefore, A. koraiensis, A. sikokianus, and A. bhotanensis should be conducted a comparative study on the DNA sequences and molecular cytology in order to clarify the taxonomic treatments in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.1265-1272
• /
• 2021

This study was intended to investigate the potential of Astragalus membranaceus ethanol extract(AM) and Astragalus membranaceus bioconversion extract(AMB) as functional cosmetic materials. To confirm the antioxidant effect, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and a study was conducted on skin cell toxicity and skin cell aging through cell experiments. As a result of the antioxidant experiment, the content of polyphenols and flavonoids increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the effects of polyphenols and flavonoids, and it was confirmed that the ethanol extracts were higher than the bioconversion extracts. It was confirmed that the AM and AMB increased the MMP1 expression inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner in HDF cells. Therefore, this study is considered to be very useful as a functional cosmetic material in terms of antioxidant and skin aging prevention when using AM and AMB as functional cosmetic materials.