• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2000

This study was carried to select the tolerance in rice varieites for ozone treatment through comparing SOD, POD and stomata resistance. In SOD Acivity, Sangnambatbyeo showed the highest activity on 1 hr after ozone treatment and after 24 hr, SOD activity was decreased. SOD activity of Hangangchalbyeo was not different in observed all times after ozone treatment. In POD activity, Hangangchalbyeo, Sangnambatbyeo and Ilpumbyeo were similar to POD activity but Baeknabyeo was the lowest activity on 1 hr after ozone treatment. Also, all varieties represnted the highest activity (above 90 %) an 24 hr after ozone treatment. In stomata resistance, Sangnambatbyeo was decreased stomata resistance on 1 hr after ozone treatment. Hangangchalbyeo, Sangnambatbyeo and Baekna were decreased stomata resistiance on 24 hr after ozone treatment except Ilpumbyeo.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2005

Eight days grown barley seedlings were treated with dimethipin for 72 hours and then the content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic electron activities of isolated chloroplasts were investigated. At the treatment of 10/sup -5/ M dimethipin the content of chlorophyll was decreased to 33% at 72 hours. Seven days etiolated barley seedlings were exposed to the light while dimethipin was added. At the time of 48 hours' greening chlorophyll content was reduced to 43% at 10/sup -4/M dimethipin and the chlorophyll a/b ratio was increased. In photosynthetic electron transport the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ was decreased to 10% at 48 hours and 25% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. In the treatment of 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ, except water splitting system was inhibited to 16% at 48 hours and 27% at 72 hours. The activity of PSⅡ was inhibited to 8% at 24 hours, 13% at 48 hours and 18% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. The activity of PSⅠ was inhibited to 4% at 24 hours, 8% at 48 hours and 10% at 72 hours at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. In the times of greening of 7 days etiolated barley seedlings the activities of PSⅡ+PSⅠ were reduced to 5, 10, 10 and 11 % at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively, at 10/sup -4/ M dimethipin. On the other hand, the activity of PSⅡ+PSⅠ except water splitting system, was not inhibited at all incubated hours in 10/sup -4/M dimethipin and there were no clear changes of the activities of PSⅡ and PSⅠ as compared to the control. Therefore, it could be concluded that dimethipin inhibited the photosynthetic electron activity by affecting the function of chloroplast rather than the synthesis of chloroplast and the inhibited function of chloroplast seems to come from the severe decrease of chlorophyll content.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2018

This experiment was conducted to determine optimal hot-air drying time for producing antioxidative calendula tea. The edible calendula was dried in hot air at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15 hours and Hunter's color value was measured and extracted with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total carotenoid and DPPH (2,2 Dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity were investigated. The correlation between the amount of antioxidant and antioxidant activity was analyzed. As the treatment time increased, the Hunter values of L, a, and b tended to decrease, and the L value and b value decreased significantly at 15 hours. The color change was occurred in all treatments compared with the control, and the total color difference (${\Delta}E$) was the largest at 15 hours treatment. The contents of total flavonoids, total carotenoids and DPPH scavenging activity increased in the 5 hours, but decreased in the 15 hours compared to the 10 hours. The content of total polyphenol was not changed with different treatment time. A positive correlation ($p{\leq}0.01$, r = 0.610) between carotenoids and DPPH radical scavenging activity was demonstrated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was increased at 5 and 10 hours compared to the control and decreased at 15 hours. Therefore, 5 hours or 10 hours of treatment is appropriate and further studies are needed to determine the specific treatment time.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1978

Effects of the addition of Ginseng extract and it's incubation time on enzyme activity (${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\beta}$-amylase, protease) of Aspergillus app. was investigated. 1. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activity of Asp. oryzae was higher for 48 hours than control, however, the same after 48 hours. ${\beta}$-Amylase activity was stimulated at the concentration of 0.1 to 1.0％, and decreased at the concentration of 3.0 to 5.0％. The acid protease activity was higher than control for 72 hours and in the medium of 120 hours was decreased significantly. The alkaline protease activity was lower than control. However, alkaline protease activity was higher than acid protease activity. 2. ${\alpha}$-Amylase of Asp. niger was increased in proportion to increasing of the extract concentration. ${\beta}$-Amylase was increased at the concentration from 0.5 to 3.0％ and it's activity was depressed in proportion to increasing of the extract concentration for 48 hours and on the contrary it was improved in proportion to increasing of the extract concentration for 72 hours except for 5.0％ concentration with marked decreasing. Alkaline protease activity was increased at lower concentration (0.1∼0.5％) for 24 to 48 hours and it was depressed at higher concentration (1.0 to 5.0), however after 48 hours incubated, it's activity was decreased in preparation to increasing of the extract concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.737-740
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• 1998

Effect of oral administration with fibrinolytic enzyme isolated from fermented anchovy(the traditional fermented food in Korea called Myulchi Jeot-gal) and its functionally active enzyme to rat, activation of plasma fibrinolysis was observed. The euglobulin fibrinolytic activities and the plasma levels of H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA(S-2251) amidolysis reached a maximum at 3 hours after the administration to rat. And euglobulin Iysis time(ELT) value after oral admi-nistration showed its activity 2∼3 hours later. From the above result, it was confirmed the enzyme activity in blood by oral administration fibrinolytic enzyme through animal experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.707-712
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• 1995

Natural antimicrobial activities in leaf mustard Dolsan(Brassica juncea) were evaluated for food preservation. Antimicrobial activities and changes in volatile allylisothiocyanate(AIT) concentration were examined during incubation of leaf mustard homogenate for 72 hours at $30^{\circ}C$. The concentration of volatile AIT was highest at 2 hours of incubation. Antimicrobial activities, which were insignificant in raw homogenate without incubation, were occurred at 21 hours and were showed highest at 48~72 hours of incubation. Water-pretreated extract(WPE) showed the antimicrobial activity by 1.2~1.4 times higher than the water extract. Ethylacetate fraction of leaf mustard showed high antimicrobial activities. The WPE had strong antimicrobial activities against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Heat treatment of the WPE for 30 min at $121^{\circ}C$ did not lose the antimicrobial activities.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1998

Studies on the antimutagenicity of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobactrium spp. against 2-nitrofluorene have been conducted utilyzing Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 in order to characterize the activity by the starter and non-starter strains. The average antimutagenic activity of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobactrium spp. against 2-nitrofluorene was 20.29% and L. plantarum CU 722 revealed the greatest mutation inhibition activity of 50.34%. An intensive antimutagenicity was found in the cell wall and cytoplasm fraction of L. plantarum CU 722 in skim milk culture showing inhibition rate of 34.9% and 24.5% respectively and very low activity remained in cell free broth and in lactic acid. The optimum cultivation time for Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. to inhibit mutation was 24 hours and the optimum preincubation time of the reaction mixture containing the mutagen, lactic culture and indicator strain was 60 minutes, and the optimum incubation time for the test plates was 48 hours.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.420-425
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• 1991

본 연구는 인삼 사포닌(Ponax ginseng C.A. Meyer)이 수영운동을 부하시킨 웅성 횐쥐(Sprague-Dawley 계, 360 $\pm$ 40 9)의 대퇴근 크레아틴 키나제(Creative Kinase, CK: E.C. 2.7.3.2) 동위효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 운동군은 3시간 동안 수영운동시켰으며 ,인삼군은 인삼 사포닌을 체중 Kg 당 120 mg 복강투여하였다. 인삼 사포닌을 투여한 운동군은 수영운동 1시간 전에 인삼 사포닌을 투여한 후 3시간 동안 수영시켰다. 인삼군의 MB-CK의 활성은 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 또한 인삼 비투여 운동군과 인삼 투여 운동군에서의 MM-CK활성은 대조군보다 각각 현저하게 증가하였고(P < 0.01와 P < 0.05), 특히 인삼 투여 운동군에서 BB-CK활성이 대조군보다 유의하게 증가하였다(P < 0.01). 인삼 사포닌은 일반적으로 CK-동위효소의 활성을 증가시키고, 운동은 MM-CK의 활성을 현저하게 증가시켰으며, 인삼 투여 운동군에서 BB-CK의 활성이 인삼 비투여 운동군보다 현저하게 증가하였다. 따라서 인삼 사포닌과 운동이 CK동위효소 활성에 상승의 효과를 나타내는 것으로 생각된다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.340-349
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• 2009

A CJ9 bacterial strain, which showed antifungal and antibacterial activities, was isolated from meju and identified as Bacillus polyfermenticus based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, as well as its 16S rRNA sequence. B. polyfermenticus CJ9 showed the antimicrobial activity against the various pathogenic molds, yeasts, and bacteria. The antibacterial activity was stable in the pH 5.0~9.0, but the activity was lost at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. The antifungal activity was stable in the pH range of 3.0~9.0 and reduced at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, but antifungal activity was not completely destroyed. The antibacterial activity was completely inactivated by proteinase K, protease, trypsin, and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin. The antifungal activity was also completely inactivated by protease and $\alpha$-chymotrypsin, and reduced its activity by proteinase which indicated that the antifungal and antibacterial compounds have proteineous nature. The apparent molecular mass of the partially purified antifungal compound, as indicated by using the direct detection method in Tricine-SDS-PAGE, was approximately 1.4 kDa. The molecular mass of the antibacterial compound could not be determined because of its heat-liable characteristic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 1995

To make Natto, tradiational Japanese food fermented by Bacillus natto, more acceptable to Koreans, garlic(2%) and/or red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) were mixed with Natto. Through out the fermentation period, the changes in enzyme activities and sensory evaluation were compared with those of conventional Natto. Nattokinase activities were detected from 12 hour fermentation in all samples. After that period, steady increased in Nattokinase activity was observed. The activity of nattokinase decreased slightly when garlic and/or red pepper oleoresin was added. Changes in ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptidase(${\gamma}-GTP$) was not significant among samples and the similar tendency was observed in nattokinase activity. With addition of garlic, production of protease reached maximum after 8 hour of fermentation whereas it took 16 hour when red pepper oleoresin was added. However, after 24 hour of fermentation, any significant differences in protease activity were not observed. Sensory evaluation indicated that the tastes of Natto with either garlic and red pepper oleoresin or red pepper oleoresin only were much more acceptable than conventional Natto or one with garlic only.