• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.433-441
• /
• 2002

This study present the stressdistribution of circular column-box beam connection in steel piers. Experiments were carried out for hollow and concrete filled connections, depending on the joint angle. To determine vertical and shear stress distribution, this study examined the equivalent web depth dc' that is mainly used in existing design equation. Lidewise, as additional equivalent web depth was introduced. Stress values that were calculated using equivalent wev depth were also compared with the test stress value. Results showed that stresses of hollow and filled connections have great differences. However, dc' has a limitation for some joint angles. Likewise, stress of filled connection was less than that of the hollow connection. The test value of filled connection was also compared with design equations that were introduced from the hollow connection.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2019

Nanoindentation has been widely used for evaluating mechanical properties of nano-devices, from MEMS to packaging modules. Residual stress is also estimated from indentation tests, especially the Knoop indenter which is used for the determination of residual stress directionality. According to previous researches, the ratio of the two stress conversion factors of Knoop indentation is a constant at approximately 0.34. However, the ratio is supported by insufficient quantitative analyses, and only a few experimental results with indentation depth variation. Hence, a barrier for in-field application exists. In this research, the ratio of two conversion factors with variation in indentation depth using finite elements method has been attempted at. The magnitudes of each conversion factors were computed at uniaxial stress state from the modelled theoretical Knoop indenter and specimen. A model to estimate two stress conversion factor of the long and short axis of Knoop indenter at various indentation depths is proposed and analyzed.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2023

The amount of soil cutting, transported, and filing up the soil in the project area is considered to change the volume depending on the condition of the soil; the volume change rate of the soil is calculated by collecting undisturbed samples below 1 m to 2.0 m above the surface through test pits. In this study, large-scale field tests are carried out. There are areas with an excavation depth of 10m or more, but some errors have occurred in calculating the soil volume by uniformly applying the soil conversion factor for a depth of 1 to 2 m. According to the field tests, the earthwork volumes applied with the soil conversion factor for each depth increase by 3.9 to 9.4% compared to the soil volume applied uniformly with that of 2 m depth.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 1991

MCNP code was used to calculate conversion factor H(d)ma at the depths of 0.07 and 10mm within a water phantom recommended by IAEA and within a PMMA phantom required by the US dosimeter proficiency testing programmes. The calculations were performed for an expanded parrallel beam of monoenergetic photons of perpendicular incidence on one faces of the phantom. The results can be used as conversion factor in calibrating individual dosemeters in terms of the dose equivalent quantities defined directly in the phantom.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2016

Recently, technology of Virtual Reality(VR) based on HMD among various kinds of VR implemented products has received widespread attention. Major IT-related companies around the world participated in VR HMD research and development. Therefore, the possibility of the spread of VR HMD has been highly praised. Demands of VR HMD products using Smart Phone has been especially increased so that it is required to create a high quality of VR contents. The purpose of study in this paper is to apply the depth value of stereoscopic to VR HMD. To implement it, we analyzed VR HMD optical system and converted an experimental image to virtual depth caused by binocular disparity based on the result of calculating NPP(Native Pixel Parallax). We produced the image of stereoscopic applied with the value converted and applied to VR HMD. This study is expected to be utilized as a VR content creation field of quantitative data.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2001

conversion equations to calculate seismic moment(M_0) from body-wave magnitude(m_b), surface-wave magnitude(M_s), or both were derived by using 50 earthquakes occurred within 32～44°N and 123～133°E whose M_0 were determined together with m_b or M_s. We divided those earthquakes into the deeper and the shallower ones based on the reference focal depth of 70 km. The unit of M_0 is dyne-cm. In case of M_s, the deeper earthquakes exhibit the higher seismic moment than the shallower ones. Standard deviations associated with conversion equations for deeper and shallower earthquakes are 0.25 and 0.16, respectively, in moment magnitude. , for deeper earthquakes , for shallower earthquakes. In case of m_b, the dependence of conversion equation on focal depth is not clearly observed. Associated standard deviation is 0.28 in moment magnitude. In case that both m_b and M_s were determined, a new magnitude, , were defined for shallower earthquakes to derive a more stable conversion equation. Associated standard deviation is 0.14 in moment magnitude. Conversion equations above can be used to unify the earthquake size into a single magnitude type, i.e., moment magnitude, in and around the Korea Peninsula.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2004

The energy distributions for clinically used electron beams from measured and calculated mono energetic depth dose values were calculated. The energy distributions having the minimum difference between the measured and reduced values of depth dose are determined by iterations based on least square method. The nominal energies of 6, 9, 12, 15 MeV clinical electron beams were examined. The Monte Carlo depth dose calculations with determined energy distributions were peformed to evaluate those distributions. In a comparison of the calculated and measured depth dose data, the standard errors are estimated within $\pm$ 3% from surface to R$_{80}$ depth and within $\pm$4% from the surface to near the range for all electron beams. This can be practically applied to determine the energy distributions for clinically used electron beams.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1996.05d
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 1996

ANSI N13.32는 손목팬텀과 손가락팬텀에서 말단선량계의 특성조사를 위하여 방향의존성인자를 선량계의 성능평가에 적용하도록 권고하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 말단선량의 정확한 선량평가를 위하여 ANSI N13.32에 제안된 팬텀과 동일하게 모사하고 그 팬텀내의 7mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 깊이에서 단일에너지를 가진 광자의 선량당량환산인자 및 방향의존성인자를 MCNP 전산코드를 사용함으로써 계산하였다. 또한 본 연구의 최종목적인 ISO Narrow X-선 빔에 의해 조사된 손가락팬텀에서 선량당량환산인자 및 방향의존성인자를 도출하였다. 전산 수행한 결과 낮은 전압에서 발생된 X-선 빔인 경우, 팬텀의 주축을 따라 수평회전각이 증가할수록 방향의존성인자가 크게 감소하며, 한편 높은 전압에서 생성된 X-선 빔인 경우, 수평회전각이 증가할수록 방향의존성인자간 처음에는 근소하게 감소하지만 90。까지는 증가하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1897-1901
• /
• 2010

이동식 전자파표면유속계를 이용한 홍수유량의 산정을 위해서 임의의 유량측정지점에서 측정한 표면유속 값에 수심평균유속환산계수 0.85를 적용하여 그 지점의 평균유속을 계산하고 있다. 이로 인해 각 지점에서 흐름조건 및 기상학적으로 요인으로 인한 이 계수의 변동성을 고려하지 않은 상태로 유량을 산정하게 되어 각 흐름조건을 고려한 유량산정을 할 수 없는 실정이다. 이에 하천 현장에서 표면유속과 수심별유속의 실측 자료를 이용하여 흐름조건에 따른 표면유속과 평균유속의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 용담 수자원시험유역의 동향지점에서 하천을 횡단하며 바닥에서 수표면까지 수심방향으로 0.05~0.10 m의 간격으로 프로펠러 유속계를 이용하여 정밀법으로 각 수심에서의 유속을 측정하였다. 정밀측정된 수심별 유속을 이용하여 평균유속을 산정하고 이를 수체 (water column)의 가장 최상층에서 측정한 유속을 표면유속으로 가정한후 이로부터 수심평균유속환산계수를 산정하여 흐름조건에 따른 계수의 변화를 조사하였다. 하천 현장에서 흐름조건의 변화에 따른 표면유속과 수심별유속의 정밀측정을 통한 이들 깊이별 유속의 변화여부를 용담수자원시험유역의 동향지점에서 현장조사를 실시하였다. 측정당시 풍속이 느려서 (1.5~3.1 m/s) 바람으로 인한 유속에 미치는 영향이 수심별 유속분포상으로는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 다만 양안에서 평균유속과 표면유속이 역전되는 현상이 발생되었는데 이는 벽면 마찰에 바닥마찰의 영향이 추가됨에 따른 것으로 판단된다. 수심별 유속측정 결과를 전체적으로 분석한 결과 환산계수가 0.632~1.352로 넓게 분포하고 있다. 환산계수가 1.0 이상인 경우는 양안에 인접한 두 지점인데, 이들 두 경우는 유속분포가 이론적인 유속분포와는 상반된 유속이 측정 - 표면유속이 수심평균유속보다 느림 - 되었다. 환산계수가 0.6~0.8 사이에서 형성된 경우는 표면유속이 평균유속보다 25~55% 정도 빠르게 나타나고 있다. 전제 측정결과를 검토해보면, 전반적으로 양안에 인접한 측선에서 표면유속이 평균유속보다 느려지는 현상이 나타나고 있다. 또한 유속이 1.0 m/s 이상인 경우에 0.677~0.790의 환산계수 값을 보이는데 이 경우 수심이 50 cm 이하여서 바닥마찰의 영향이 큰 것으로 판단된다. 다양한 흐름조건별 표면유속과 수심별유속의 측정을 할 수 있는 현장여건 - 유속, 수위 등의 동일흐름 조건에 대해서 -에 많은 부분이 제약되어 이의 정밀분석이 힘든 실정이다. 따라서 이러한 현장측정시의 제약성을 극복하기 위해서 여러 가지 흐름조건을 구현할 수 있는 정밀제어가 가능한 실내실험장치를 이용한 면밀한 분석이 필요하다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.1632-1642
• /
• 1992

When a blind hole of small diameter is drilled in the field of residual stress, strain relieved around the hole is function of magnitude of stress, patterns of stress distribution and hole geometry of diameter and depth. Relieved strain coefficients can be calculated from FEM analysis of relieved strain and actual stress. These relieved strain coefficients make it possible to measure residual stress which vary along the depth in the subsurface of stressed material. In this study, the calibration tests of residual stress measurement are carried out by drilling a hole incrementally on the cantilever or on the tensile test bar. Residual stresses can be determined from measured strains around a shallow hole by application of power series method. For the sake of reliable measurement of residual stress, much efforts should be done to measure relieved strains and hole depth more accurately comparing with conventional procedures of gage subject to the external load. Otherwise linear equations converting strains into stresses may yield erratic residual stresses because of ill-conditions of linear equations. With accurate measurements of relieved strains, residual stress even if varying along the depth can be measured. It is also possible to measure residual stress in the thin film of material by drilling a shallow hole.