• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate air injection mode on stabilization of solid waste in lysimeter. For three lysimeters, one was maintained under anaerobic condition as control, and air was injected into two lysimeters in continuous mode (atmospheric pressure) and intermittent mode (high pressure of 2 bar). Distilled water was sprayed over solid waste in 1.4 l/$m^3$(solid waste)/day, supposing rainfall intensity of 1,200 mm/yr and 30% infiltration. Oxygen in landfill gas was not detected in control lysimeter during operational days. After 30 day-aeration, oxygen concentrations of continuous and intermittent modes were maintained in 14% and 6%, respectively. $COD_{Cr}$ removal efficiencies of continuous and intermittent modes were about 70% and 50%, and BOD5 removal efficiencies were about 80% and 20%, respectively. In view of oxygen supply, and $COD_{Cr}$ and $BOD_5$ removal, continuous air injection mode of atmospheric pressure was more effective than intermittent mode of 2 bar. Settling degree of solid waste in case of two air injection modes was 3 times higher than that of anaerobic condition as control. Considering the above results, it was thought that air injection (especially continuous atmospheric pressure) could improve degradation of solid waste and induce preliminary stabilization in landfill site.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1337-1343
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to isolate chicken feather-degrading bacteria with high keratinolytic activity and to investigate cultural conditions affecting keratinolytic enzyme production by a selected isolate. A chicken feather-degrading bacterial strain CH3 was isolated from poultry wastes. Isolate CH3 degraded whole chicken feather completely within 3 days. On the basis of phenotypical and 16S rDNA studies, isolate CH3 was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis CH3. This strain is the first B. thuringiensis described as a feather degrader. The bacterium grew with an optimum at pH 8.0 and $37^{\circ}C$, where maximum keratinolytic activity was also observed. The composition of optimal medium for keratinolytic enzyme production was feather 0.1%, sucrose 0.7%, casein 0.3%, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.03%, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.04%, $MgCl_2$ 0.01% and NaCl 0.05%, respectively. The keratinolytic enzyme had a pH and temperature optima 9.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. The keratinolytic activity was inhibited ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and metal ions like $Hg^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$. The enzyme activated by $Fe^{2+}$, dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.743-751
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption potential of chicken feathers for the removal of OrangeII (AO7) from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were performed as a function of different experimental parameters such as initial pH, reaction time, feather dose, initial OrangeII concentration and temperature. The highest OrangeII uptake was observed at pH 1.0. Most of the OrangeII was adsorbed at 2 h and an adsorption equilibrium was reached at 6 h. As the amount of chicken feather was increased, the removal efficiency of OrangeII increased up to 99%, but its uptake decreased. By increasing the initial concentration and temperature, OrangeII uptake was increased. The experimental adsorption isotherm exhibited a better fit with the Langmuir isotherm than with the Freundlich isotherm, and maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir constant was determined to be 0.179244 mmol/g at $30^{\circ}C$. The adsorption energy obtained from the Dubinin-Radushkevich model was 7.9 kJ/mol at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ which indicates the predominance of physical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as ${\Delta}G^0$, ${\Delta}H^0$, and ${\Delta}S^0$ were -12.28 kJ/mol, 20.64 kJ/mol and 112.32 J/mol K at $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. This indicates that the process of OrangeII adsorption by chicken feathers was spontaneous and endothermic. Our results suggest that as a low-cost biomaterials, chicken feather is an attractive candidate for OrangeII removal from aqueous solutions.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-52
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the sector-specific greenhouse gas reduction implementation strategies priority using the multi-criteria analysis methods (AHP and Feedback ANP). Our analysis demonstrates that the highest priority among the evaluation criteria is given to the feasibility compared to the efficiency and the effectiveness in most of the sectors. In the public and the building sectors, it has been found that the governmental driving force is absolutely crucial in technological dissemination and diffusion. The results and the main findings are as follows. Firstly, the priority of the policy evaluation criteria has been changed by analysis methods. Secondly, the total weight and the priority of each sector's alternatives also have been changed. Finally, the priority of the alternatives for criteria has been changed by the analysis methods.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.332-339
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to prevent health problems and environmental contamination resulting from inappropriate management of dental wastes and to provide reference data for revision and supplementation of dental clinic waste management guidelines. Methods: From 640 total of dental clinics registered in 16 cities and counties in Gyeongsangnam-do, 100 (60 in Changwon (Masan, Changwon), 29 in Gimhae, and 11 in Jinju) were included in this study. From July 2010 to September 2010, investigators visited the 100 dental clinics and conducted survey interviews using a structured survey questionnaire regarding disposal methods for liquid wastes (suction pump, spittoon container waste, used liquid disinfectants, and X-ray developer), and disposal methods for solid waste (suction pump, spittoon container waste, and general medical waste). Results: All the 100 dental clinics were found to treat liquid waste from suction pumps and spittoon containers in the same manner as general waste water. Nineteen percent of the clinics treated solid waste that was not filtered through the filter of a suction pump as general waste. Fifty or more percent of the clinics treated solid waste in spittoon containers as general waste. Seventy percent of the clinics used disinfectant solution, although most of them treated used disinfectants in the same manner as general waste water. Some clinics treated used X-ray developer and X-ray fixer in the same manner as general waste water. In most of the clinics, used drapes were washed within the clinic. Conclusions: It was found that waste water and dental wastes at some dental clinics were treated in inappropriately. Thus, in conclusion, the development of guidelines regarding proper management of liquid and solid dental waste at dental clinics is required, and hygiene and environmental training for workers at dental clinics is necessary.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

If MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) landfill is used as a foundation ground of construction site, the change of loading condition may cause a large amount of compression in MSW landfill. Therefore, the reinforcement for the loose compression nature of MSW landfill would be very important design factor to geotechnical engineers in considering the end-use of the landfill. In this study, a possible technique for stabilizing MSW landfill with use of codisposal of municipal solid waste and Fly Ash is discussed. In order to estimate the stabilization of compression characteristic of codisposed landfill, large compression test and lysimeter test were performed. According to the test results, as the proportion of Fly Ash increases, the compression might be reduced, but the permeability might be also reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the both characteristics changes in real application.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 1995

Aerobic treatment of animal slurries represents an increasingly popular option for farmers in the management of animal wastes. This study was performed to find out the chemical characteristics of dairy slurry associated with liquid-solid separation. Total solids concentration varies widely depending on the slurry manure handling systems. Hydrogen ion exponent(pH), volatile solids(VS), ammonia nitrogen(NH$_3$-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO$_3$-N), and chemical oxygen demand(COD) essentially depends on the total solids content of animal liquid wastes. Total solids content of the dairy slurry ranges from 6.6 to 7.5% depending on the feed slurry and separator. Separated liquids from dairy slurry have been successfully downed for up to about 21, 900mg/$\ell$ of the COD value. It has also been found that separated slurry decreased from 37.8 to 26.0mg/$\ell$ of the NO$_3$-N concentration.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2004

The seasonal distribution pattern of zooplankton were studied on the basis of the zooplankton samples collected from 9 stations in Jinhae Bay in May, August, November and February, 2001 to 2002. A total of 31 species in 37 taxa was occurred in Jinhae Bay. Copepods were pyedominant through fall to spring and cladecerans in summer. There aye high spatio-temporal fluctuations in the zooplankton abundance in a range of 27 to 28,221 indiv. $m^{-3}$. Of these, an neritic species, Acartia omorri and Oentropages abdominals were predominent in february; Palaealanus parvus s. 1 in November; Penilia avirostris in August. Species diversity was low in the northwestern regims where anoxia layer is occurred in summer, while in the other seasons there was no a great difference between stations. It indicates that the distribution pattern of zooplankton may be seasonally strongly affected by a mechanism of hypoxia formation in Jinhae Bay.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 1996

Removal of Mn-EDTA complex and fluoride by use of hematite and ferrite, which are the by-product to be disposed of as industrial wastes, was investigated. For the comparison of removal rate, Na-bentonite known as excellent absorbent of inorganic contaminants was included in the experiments. As the results of batch mode experiments, for manganese, ferrite-A revealed 48∼65% of removal capacity, ferrite-B 46∼57%, hematite 17∼26%, while Na-bentonite showed 10∼23% of removal, depending on the initial concentration. Meanwhile, in case of fluoride : hematite revealed 53 ∼63% of removal : ferrite-A 54∼63 %, while ferrite-B did 20∼38 %. From the results, it can be postulated that the capacity of hematite and ferrite to attenuate inorganic pollutants, especially when they form complex ions, is superior to that of Na-bentonite. Consequently, the mixing of such oxide minerals with Na-bentonite will reinforce the function of Na-bentonite, especially in the undergroud liner aspect.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 1997

This research aims to remove the heavy metals, nonbiodegradable COD(NBDCOD), and color using the coal waste. The experimental by heat treatment was performed to advance the adsorption capacity. The results are as follows ; i) The coal waste had the adsorption capacity of heavy metals and the rates were in the range of 20 to 30 percents. ii) The heat treatment was the optimum condition that the reaction time was 6 hours at $500^{\circ}C$, , iii) In the column experimen, non-treated coal waste removed the COD and color in the range of 20 to 60 percents. iv) Heat-treated coal waste showed higher removal rate of the color in biological effluent, and heavy metal and COD removal rates were changed by the filteration rates.