• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2009

Occurrence ecology and possibility of mass trapping of Popillia quadriguttata, one of the most serious turfgrass insect pest in domestic golf courses was investigated using pheromone traps in Gimpo and Jinhae. Peak period of adult occurrence of P. quadriguttata was late June and early July in Gimpo Seaside Country Club from 2006 to 2008. It was early and middle July in Youngwon Country Club in 2006. The first catched day of P. quadriguttata adult was 20 June, while the last day was 10 September in Gimpo Seaside Country Club, 2006. Mean catched number of P. quadriguttata adult in Japanese beetle pheromone trap per day in peak period of occurrence were 18.2, 25.7, 29.0, and 15.7 at 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. Mean catched number of P. quadriguttata adult in Japanese beetle pheromone trap were more in fairways or roughs than tees or greens. Possibility of control of scarab beetle using pheromone trap with pesticide treatment was investigated against oriental beetle, Blitopertha orientalis in Dongrae Benest Golf Club. Mean number of dead oriental beetle adult were more higher(2.9 folds) in fenitrothion EC treatment than fenitrothion EC treatment after set oriental beetle pheromone trap.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.479-484
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• 2011

The number of comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) suddenly increased at ginseng fields in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do from mid July to early August. By the late of September just before digging up the roots of ginseng, more than 8 individuals of the comstock mealybug per plant were occurred and evenly dispersed around the roots. Through the bioassay in the laboratory, six environmental friendly agricultural materials (for example, Nobug, Kkagsami, GB-1, GB-2, GB-3, GB-5) containing sophora extract or paraffin oil as main components were selected by the effective control agents for controlling the comstock mealybug. These selected agents showed a quite similar insecticidal activities to 2 insecticides such as clothianidin and thiamethoxam registered in control of ginseng insect pests. Also. in the ginseng field test, the agent containing sophora extract and paraffin oil, like 2 insecticides showed high control effects against the comstock mealybug.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, is a serious pest on apples. To control this pest in an environmentally friendly method, mating disruption strategy using sex pheromone has been developed. Area-wide application of mating disruption has been needed to be effective, with little understanding on how much size of apple cultivating area should be treated in one time application of the mating disruption technique. On this matter, we needed to determine a minimal mating active zone of G. molesta that should be applied with mating disrupters to be effective. Molecular markers to discriminate a specific population should be developed to trace population migration for reproductive behaviors. Here we developed two effective molecular markers using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Different field populations of G. molesta, based on locations and seasons, were analyzed with these markers. In a specific location, G. molesta populations varied in genetic composition with different seasons. Different local populations showed differential variation according to their relative distances among apple orchards. In overall, genetic variation among different populations became lessen with progression of seasons.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.253-261
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• 2009

For the environment-friendly control of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, in spring onion fields, we have examined an alternative application method. Twenty-five insecticides registered for spring onion were tested for control effect against the beet armyworm in the laboratory, then the best 9 chemical and a single biological insecticides were selected and compared with 2 new isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis in a polyvinyl house. After that, 4 chemical and 3 B. thuringiensis treatments were used in the field for the control of beet armyworm in the spring onion. Two application methods are used: one is triple treatments with the same chemical and the other is alternative application with different chemicals and B. thuringiensis for 7 days intervals. Indoxacarb WP - chlorfluazuron EC - B.t. var. kurstaki CAB141 and indoxacarb WP - methoxyfenozide + spinosad SC - Chlorfluazuron EC - B.t. var. aizawai CAB109, B.t. var. kurstaki CAB141 showed greater than 78% mortality of beet armyworm larvae and greater than 43% damage decrease in spring onions infested by beet armyworm. These results showed that alternative applications had higher control effect than any other applications. It was suggested that alternative applications with microbial biological agents such as B. thuringiensis might minimize the development of insecticide resistance and might be used as the environment-friendly control of the beet armyworm.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

For the development of friendly environmental control of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua that is too hard to control in the field, 25 insecticides were chosen from 58 registered to the beet armyworm, and bioassayed. There are 12 insecticides with neurotoxical activities, 10 with insect growth regulators and 3 Bacillus thuringiensis products. Among 12 insecticides with neurotoxical activities, mortality of S. exigua was 100% with emamectin benzoate (EC) and indoxacarb (WP) within 3 and 5 days after application, respectively. Otherwise, WG and SC of indoxacarb, Indoxacarb + etofenprox (WP) and pyridalyl (EW) were showed up to 91 %. Methoxyfenozide + spinosad (SC) was better than any other insect growth regulator as 100% mortality within 3 days after application. And methoxyfenozide (WP), tebufenozide (WP) and methoxyfenozide (SC) were 92% by 5 days. However, 3 kinds of B. thuringiensis products were showed under 35% mortality within 5 days from first spray.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan strain, Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 strain, S. feltiae Monteri strain, S. glaseri Dongrae strain, S. longicaudum Nonsan strain and S. monticolum Jiri strain) were evaluated for the environmentally sound control of sawfly, Arge captiva, A. pagana pagana and A. similis in the laboratory and pot. The corrected mortality of 3rd instar of Arge captiva larva was 100% at 5 days after treatment with S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain and S. feltiae Monteri strain in Petri dish. The mean numbers of established infective juveniles (Ijs) of S. glaseri Dongrae and S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain in a Arge captiva larva were 10.2 and 4.2 Ijs/larva, respectively. Pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain was different larval stage, i.e., $LC_{50}$ value of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar of A. pagana pagana was 11.5, 9.3, and 8.4 Ijs, respectively. Mortality of Arge captiva, A. pagana pagana and A. similis were 72.5, 85.0 and 85.0% by S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain at the $2{\times}10^9Ijs/ha$, respectively, in the pot.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

The changes in major moth populations were monitored by sex pheromone traps in pear orchards at Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon from 2008 to 2010. Among four major moths, Grapholita molesta and Caposina sasakii occurred most frequently. Their occurrences peaked 2 to 3 times during the growing season from May to September. G. molesta was exceptional, occurring until September. For the environmentally-friendly control of these moths, 9 control materials including insect pathogenic bacteria and environmentally-friendly agricultural materials, were examined on the larva of 4 kinds of moth and sprayed on pear leaves in the field. As the generalized results of bioassay, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Sophora flavescens extract were shown to have better control effects than any other control material.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

Environmentally sound control of fall webworm, Hyphanria cunea (Drury) with entomopathogenic nematode, Sreinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain was evaluated in the laboratory and pot. Pathogenicity of 5. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was different depending on larval stage, i.e., mortality of the 2nd instar and the $3\~4th$ instar was $100\%$ with >20 infective juveniles (Ijs)/larva in 3 days, but the 5th instar was $34\%$ with (Ijs)/larva in 3 days. Pathogenicity of 5. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was higher with increasing nematode concentration. Mortality of Hyphanria cunea larva by 5. carpocapsae Pocheon strain was not significantly different (more than $70\%$) between nematode concentration on treated trees (Malus alba and Platanus orientalis) and in pot.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

Environmentally sound control of Japanese lawngrass cutworm, Spodoptera depravata with Korean entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis sp. Gyeongsan, Steinernema carpocapsae GSNI , S. glaseri Dongrae, S. longicaudum Nonsan, and S. monticolum Jiri) was evaluated in the laboratory and field. In addition, effect of turf height on the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes and density of ant (Formica japonica) and spine-tailed earwigs (Forficula scudderi) were investigated in the field. The corrected mortality of 3rd instar of S. depravata larvae was 53.3% to 66.7% 5 days later after treatment of entomopathogenic nematodes. $LC_{50}$ value of S. carpocapsae GSN1 and S. monticolum Jiri against 3rd instar of S. depravata was 6.9 and 3.9, respectively. Pathogenicity of S. carpocapsae GSN1 was different depending on larval stages, i.e., mortality of 2nd instar was the highest representing 73.3% but decreased from 3rd instar. Turf height affected pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Mortality of 4th instar of S. depravata was 40.0% by S. carpocapsae GSN1 and 33.3% by S. monticolum Jiri, and 83.3% by fenitrothion, respectively, in the turf height of 14mm, but those were lower in 45mm. The corrected mortality of S. depravata larvae was lower at the entomopathgenic nematode plots than fenitrothion plot in the distribution field of Formica japonica. However, reduction rate of F japonica was higher in fenitrothion by 56.7% compared with 0% in S. carpocapsae GSN1 and 6.7% in S. monticolum Jiri. Turf height influenced control of S. depravate in S. carpocapsae GSN1 and fenitrothion. Control value of S. carpocapsae GSN1 was 62.2% in the turf height of 3-4cm, but not effective at all in 6-8cm and 12-14cm. However, there was not significantly different in fenitrothion plots. Forficula Scudderi was also reduced only in fenitrothion plots. Reduction rate was 100% in 3-4cm, 41.7% in 6-8cm, and 16.7% in 12-14cm, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.104-114
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• 2014

Scale insects heavily damaged many agricultural crops and trees in urban and forest areas. This study was conducted to carry out alternative control methods for environmentally friendly control of scale insects. Hot water extract of Quisquali indica produced high mortality against the black pine bast scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae in previously experiment. Methanol extract obtained from fruit of Q. indica was successively fractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water which were examined by exposing for their insecticidal activity against four Cocoidea species (Eriococcus lagerstroemiae, Ceroplastes japonicus, Crisicoccus pini and Planococcus citri) in laboratory. Hexane fraction gave the highest insecticidal activity against scale insect pest. GC-mass analysis confirmed that the main compounds of Q. indica were alpha-pinene, methyl palmitate, eugenol, methyl myristate, phthalic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester and palmitic acid. Among those compounds, ${\alpha}$-pinene was included 10 hexane subfractions. $LC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-pinene was 0.0114 ppm against 2nd instar of E. lagerstroemiae. These results suggest that Q. indica extracts might be used as an alternative control agent of scale insects.