• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 2000

Open cut mining of limestone is generally considered to be more advantageous than underground mining in recovery, grade control, economics, and safety, but it causes substantial environmental pollutants such as ground vibration, noise, dust. It also changes ground surface and may destroy vegetation. The Halla limestone mine which lies adjacent to Baikdu mountains range is selected for a model study. To reduce environmental hazards, and to conserve original surface and woods, both open cut and underground mining methods must be adopted. In case of sub-level sloping. a unit block of 87m high, 70m wide, and 100∼l20m long is suggested with an estimated overall recovery of 42%. Some suggestions to reduce the environmental hazards are also included. The followings must be considered in determining the degree of fragmentation; the discontinuity conditions in the rock mass and the charge concentration both at the bottom and column of the hole. In addition to adopting a barrier wall for reducing environmental hazards, the probable production from underground mining is also discussed.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.745-761
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• 2014

To address the problems of existing traffic information acquisition systems such as high cost and low scalability, wireless sensor networks (WSN)-based traffic information acquisition systems have been studied. WSN-based systems have many benefits including high scalability and low maintenance cost. Recently, various sensors are studied for traffic surveillance based on WSN, such as magnetic, acoustic, and accelerometer sensors. However, ultrasonic sensor based systems have not been studied. There are many issues for WSN-based systems, such as battery driven operation and low computing power. Thus, power saving methods and specific algorithms with low complexity are necessary. In this paper, we introduce optimal methodologies for power saving of ultrasonic sensors based on the modeling and analysis in detail. Moreover, a new vehicle detection algorithm for low complexity using ultrasonic data is presented. The proposed methodologies are implemented in a tiny microprocessor. The evaluation results show that our algorithm has high detection accuracy.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

With the increases of requirement for user identification in Internet services, we should let the service companies know my personal information. If the shared personal information with them are used in not-allowed area or delivered to un-authorized persons, we may have practical harms in several fields such as financial related operations. Korean Government has introduced new management method for personal information, but it is not hard to find the personal information management issues from Korean news papers. The proper measurement should be delivered to related companies to help them to decide investment for security. This paper review the indirect measurement method of demages by check the stock prices of related company for personal information management issue. We check the relationship between change of stock price and the information management issue. The result shows there are no changes in stock market. Korean government added strong regulations for personal information management though. To prevent further personal information issues, we should recognize the indirect damages properly and let the company pay higher reparations for any personal information abuse.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1660-1664
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• 2007

두만강을 중심으로 한 동북아시아의 환경보호를 위한 우선순위에서 토양보호가 높은 순위로 분류된 적은 거의 없었다. 토양손실에 의한 부정적 효과가 사람들에게 잘 알려져 있지 않으며, 특히 농촌에서 토양 보전의 가치를 이해하거나 토양에서 직접적으로 혜택을 받고 있다고 인식하는 사람들은 극히 일부에 지나지 않는다. 실제 동북아시아에서 토양보호와 관련하여 일관되게 접근해야 할 필요성이 국가 정책에 반영되고 그 결과 토양유실보호법이나 환경보호법 내에서 우선순위의 국가정책으로 도입된 것은 불과 지난 10-20년 사이의 일이다. 따라서 이 지역에서의 토사 유실은 매우 심각하며 이로 인해 많은 분제점이 발생하고 있는 것은 당연하다. 수자원과 토지 자원을 잘 보전하고, 물과 토양의 침식을 제어하면서 생태계를 보호하는 것은 두만강 유역에 있는 연안 국가의 현대화를 위한 기초이자 장기 전략과제이다. 대상 지역에서, 토양의 침식형태는 주로 수리적 침식, 바람에 의한 침식, 결빙과 해동에 의한 침식, 산사태, 토석류, 밀도류 및 구릉의 함몰 등이 포함되며 이중 수리적 침식과 산사태에 의한 유실이 가장 일반적이다. 두만강 유역에서 자원의 이용 압력이 땅과 물의 퇴화를 유발한다는 증거가 많아지면서, 자연자원을 관리하는 방법에 더 많은 주의를 기울이고 있으나 퇴사량에 대한 근본적 이해 없이는 불가능해 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 토지 이용관리와 토사를 보호하는 방법을 개발하기 위해 토양의 침식에 대한 현재 상태를 상세하게 확인하였으며, 토양의 중요한 기능이 심각한 퇴화 과정으로 인해 위협받고 있다는 인식에 토대를 두고 토양 보호 프로그램을 유도하기 위해 두만강의 유사량을 경험적 방법을 이용하여 추정하였다.포 분석방법으로는 BW관 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 현재까지 국내 외적으로 하천 유사량 산정과 관련된 많은 경험식들이 제시되고 있다. 하지만, 외국의 충적하천에 기초하여 개발되어진 유사량 공식들을 우리나라 하천에 무분별하게 적용하는 것은 위험스러우며, 유사량 산정 결과의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해서는 무엇보다 우리나라 하천의 지형, 수리, 수문학적 요소들이 유사 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아야 한다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 실측을 통한 유사량 값을 하천의 지형, 수리, 수문학적 요소들과 비교 분석하여우리나라 하천에 맞는 유사특성을 알아보고, 기타 총유사량산정 공식을 이용하여 실측한 유사량과 비교 분석하고자 한다.호강유역의 급격한 수질개선을 알 수 있다.世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기 중엽 경제적 태평과 함께 백자의 수요 생산이 증가하자 군신의 변별(辨別)과 사치를 이유로 강력하게 규제하여 백자의 확대와 발전에 걸림돌이

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

Increased appetite for art and design due to improving the economic standard of living and industrial community recognized the value of art in the profitable aspect currently demands various exhibitions in various environments. These social needs and changes in corporate culture to meet the rapidly expanding opportunities for artistic exhibitions, and this modern exhibition outside of the conventional gallery requires more for designers to work with various exhibition spaces, and the opportunities are increasing further. Various types of exhibition space in the exhibition planning an unspecified environment best suited to each exhibit space has been designed to require. This comprehensive study of an environmental poster exhibition held in the Seoul Institute of the Arts, MA-block lobby during 2009.06.10-06.19 was a part of the international exchange projects between Seoul Institute of the Arts and California State University, Northridge. Planning and designing throughout the exhibition in an unspecified space for exhibition requires more creativity and flexible approaches than in the general exhibition gallery.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The current study investigates whether artificially intelligent chatbots influence Korean EFL students' vocabulary learning. For eight weeks, 47 college students in Korea participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: one experimental group and one control group. Participants in the experimental group engaged in chat with a chatbot during the eight-week experimental period. Before and after the experiment, pre- and post-tests were administered to see if their English vocabulary improved. Pre- and post- surveys were also performed to understand how the participants perceived chatbot-assisted vocabulary learning. Results show that the experimental group improved their vocabulary skills as a result of engaging in chat with the chatbot. Also, their perceptions of vocabulary learning positively changed, increasing their motivation, interest, and confidence in English. Given that there have been few empirical studies to investigate the effects of chatbots on vocabulary development, the present study can provide insights on the effectiveness of chatbots.

• Maritime Security
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-56
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• 2022

Why has India become a key actor in the maritime-configured Indo-Pacific region? There are some external factors, but for India, its geo-strategic frontier encompassing its geopolitical and maritime interests is expanding rapidly beyond its territorial space across both the Indian and Pacific oceans amidst an increasingly arduous geopolitical and security environment. India must, therefore, acquire the ability to influence events within this strategic arena using all facets of national power, including maritime-military power. Lately, therefore, New Delhi has invested much intellectual capital to review its maritime-security strategy. India's new strategy is premised on the concept of holistic security involving the 'softer' aspects of maritime-security, and a rekindling of maritime consciousness in India, a nation that has traditionally been beset by 'sea-blindness'. The strategy adopts a region-wide, inclusive, and a more proactive approach than hitherto, as is evident in its title 'Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy'. While it deals with the growing concern of new non-traditional threats in the Indian littoral and the need for military deterrence and preparedness, it also addresses the imperatives for India to seek a favorable and rules-based benign environment in its immediate and extended maritime periphery, including through multi-vectored strategic partnerships dictated by its enduring principle of strategic autonomy. For a more profound and comprehensive understanding of India's maritime-security strategy, this paper examines the key unstated and implicit factors that underpin the strategy. These include India's historical and cultural evolution as a nation; its strategic geography; its geopolitical and security perceptions; and the political directions to its security forces. The paper deals specifically with India's response to maritime threats ranging from natural disasters, crime and state-sponsored terrorism to those posed by Pakistan and China, as well as the Indian Navy's envisaged security role East of the Malacca Straits. It also analyzes the aspects of organizational restructuring and force planning of India's maritime-security forces.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.490-504
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• 2021

The online market is gradually increasing due to the increase in single-person households, the development of information and communication technologies, the emergence of various new products, and price comparison competition. Companies need differentiation strategies to adapt to changes in the online environment and secure a competitive edge. In this environment, the objective is to consider the importance of consumer perception of websites in order to generate continuous growth and revenue in the online market as well as to differentiate them from competitors using an online service environment that can affect consumers' internal responses. In this study, we present aesthetic, functional, privacy, and interaction factors as components of e-servicescape to study the impact of e-servicescape on website trust, brand attitude, and repurchase intention. In the data analysis, 485 ordinary people with online shopping experience were surveyed. The questionnaire was based on a 7-point Likert scale for each question and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 25.0. The analysis shows that in e-servicescapes aesthetic and privacy factors influence website trust and brand attitudes and consequently affect repurchase intention.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1995

A questionare survey was performed to investigate the citizen's attitude concerning waste treatment facilities. Most people recognized the seriousness of the waste treatment problem and think that more composting facilities should be built. People dislike most the landfill facility, followed by the nightsoil treatment facility, the incineration facility and the composting facility. Most people answered that the disirable distance from their house to the treatment facility should be farther than 4km for the landfill facility, farther than 2km for incineration and composting facilities and farther than 1km for the wastewater treatment plant. Most people want moving cost+land price+inconvience suffering cost (amount equal to the land prize+building prize) for their retrieval. About 30% of people answered that they will not accept any waste treatment facility even though it is perfect.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.91-107
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate what middle school Home Economics(HE) teachers perceive, practice and need for self-supervision at school related to HE. Questionnaires were sent by E-mail and 150 were collected. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA analysis were reported using SPSS/win 10.1. The results of this research were as follows: First, middle school HE teachers perceived that self-supervision at school was essential since it promoted self reflection of teachers themselves and improved professional skills. Furthermore, peer-coaching was highly preferred. Second, negative responses to the supervision of principal, vice-principal, and peer teachers overwhelmed positive answers. Information exchange among peer teachers was frequent, yet, approximately 22.6% of middle school HE teachers were still avoiding sharing information process for several reasons. About half of the teachers answered that all teachers needed to participate in this process. Third, they pointed out that self-supervision at school was not implemented well because of the lack of time due to the heavy work load, negative and passive attitude for the improvement of teaching-learning activities, administration-centered supervision that did not reflect teachers' opinion, and shortage of economical, and environmental support.. HE teachers perceived that peer teachers who were doing good practices were most helpful for the supervision. Also, they preferred self-evaluation at the end of the self-supervision at school. Forth, to improve self-supervision at school, there were very high demands for reduction of administrative work, additional time, fundamental philosophy toward HE education. Fifth, the purpose and detailed plans of self-supervision were recognized as the results that were democratically derived by the HE teachers. Sixth, class inspection and informal inspection were operated once in a year, and self-training was rarely operated. Peer coaching and self-coaching were operated occasionally. Self-coaching and peer coaching were reported as the most helpful types of supervision. In addition, HE teachers answered that supervision was helpful to teaching method followed by contents, evaluation, and philosophy of education.