• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2013

This study creates the evaluation criteria to analyze the $CO_2$ emission quantity in the complex of apartment house among domestic buildings and proposes how to calculate the $CO_2$ emission quantity by the only simple information of apartment house. The study shows that in order to create the index of carbon emission evaluation criteria, $CO_2$ emission quantity for its input materials in these 27 apartment houses are 445,412g-$CO_2/m^2$ for apartment building, 474,322g-$CO_2/m^2$ for the basement parking lot, 483,523g-$CO_2/m^2$ for welfare facility, 729,957g-$CO_2/m^2$ for sales facility, 743,560g-$CO_2/m^2$ for other facility, 26,782g-$CO_2/m^2$ for public facility, 43,659g-$CO_2/m^2$ for landscape, 1,113g-$CO_2/m^2$ for indoor facility, 11,251g-$CO_2/m^2$ for outdoor facility and 891g-$CO_2/m^2$ for common temporary based on the average $CO_2$ emission by facility. We can also see the analysis data that in case of using the selected factors only, the rate of error is 7.51% comparing with the emission quantity by using simplified LCA method this study suggests for the whole range of apartment houses and the rate of error is average 3.24% using selective and main materials. And this it is evaluated that we can get the result which is similar to the actual $CO_2$ emission quantity with only the simple information about the apartment house.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2013

Based on the increasing demand for a solution to reduce thermal load, extensive green roofs have great opportunity for application to existing roofs due to their light-weight and easy maintenance. The present study delivers data regarding thermal behavior and heat reduction potential in relation to vegetation coverage between green roof types. 1) In the hottest hour in a day, green roofs showed considerable potential to mitigate heat load in roof environments, which can be up to $10^{\circ}C$ difference. 2) Compared to conventional cement roofs, the extensive green roofs only have a slight potential to cool the air over green roofs. By statistical analysis of linear regression, green coverage has little to do with the reduction of air temperature; the cooling effect was proven only in nighttime. 3) Green roofs act as an insulating roof membrane, the inner substrate of green roofs remained cooler than cement roof surfaces in the daytime, but in the nighttime the green roofs generally were warmer than the cement roof surfaces. 4) The variable of vegetation coverage resulted in no significant difference in thermal behavior in the air, but had the greatest effect in keeping the substrate cool in the daytime. The high vegetation coverage also hindered the rapid cooling of the substrate in the nighttime, and therefore was warmer than other measured temperatures. In order to draw a clear conclusion to combat urban heat island effect with extensive green roofs, the experiment needs to be applied on a larger scale.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2013

Current Architectural Facade Designs have been trending to increased glass areas resulting in increasing impact on interior lighting and daylighting. In regards to indoor environmental quality, the increase in window space has a large impact on the daylighting received which ultimately impacts the liveability of a space. Especially when considering seasons, in the summer, excessive daylighting can result in glare as well as put an increased load in conditioning the air space further reducing energy efficiency. As a result, in order to improve the sustainability performance of a building, it is important to limit the natural lighting exposure to properly meet the needs and conditions of the building occupants. One of the most representative features to limit excessive sunlight exposure, is to incorporate operable blind systems. To this end, this research has been based on simulations performance through the Radiance Program. Radiance is capable of analyzing performance of daylight and impact of sunlight. Through analysis of different slat angles and blind shapes, impact and minimization of energy usage was evaluated. Furthermore, seasonal analysis was performed in order to understand the effects of seasonal climate factors. Ultimately this research provides an analysis of operable blinds optimization and effects of blind shape, control factors and angle of shading.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2013

Energy saving starts by knowing how much energy is being consumed. A building factor is easier than any other things in energy saving. Since, especially, it is closely connected with user's space-use-patterns and manager's utility-operation-style. An energy metering system lets building users know about energy consumption pattern in buildings and measure energy in real time. Development and materialization of metering systems need more careful plans, so that they depend on a demand of individual facilities and available infrastructures they used to use. But, so far, there is no guidelines how to install metering systems. This paper suggested how to install meters and researched a method for how to analyze by using metered data. For that, Green Building in KIER is used as a test bed. As the results, nevertheless the smallest number of meters is basically one for the whole building energy measuring, it is too limited in analysis. So we needed to add the sort of fuel and utility types and found that it depends on all cases. For this reasons, a guideline should be created in order to install meters as soon as possible. It would be suggest a way to save more energy in building factor.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2013

The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal(Nepal) is one of the poorest country in the world. People in Nepal are having lots of housing problems including the lack of housing provision. Even Habitat for Humanity Nepal (HfH_Nepal) has developed various programs to diffuse ecological housing, still there are many problems due to financial and technological shortage. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of suggestion of performance improvement for HfH_Nepal eco house with introduction of the housing situation and efforts to provide sustainable housing by HfH_Nepal in Terai plain. Ideas on CGI sheet roof with poor insulation, double panel bamboo wall and adobe brick wall which can overcome structural and waterproof flaws of the thin single panel bamboo wall. The experiment result shows that both ideas adapted to adobe brick house reduces daily temperature range 50.8% and humidity adjust effect. For the effective provision of adobe brick house, compressive strength was tested for the bricks made with locally available fiber materials. Brick with jute displayed 41.1% betterment than plain brick with closest packing condition while coconut and straw showed 25.1% and 7.9% improvement respectively. Technical and economic problems brought up during the building and experiment process were listed and countermeasures established. This kinds of building prototype houses and experiments can improve the living conditions of people in developing countries with little supplement of resources. Furthermore, consideration of locally available and affordable material can help the social and ecological sustainability in the world.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2013

The effect of climate change has influenced humanity and ecosystem with tremendous changes in temperature. For the past 150 years, the national annual average temperature is 0.6 degree increased and the heating degree day reduced from April to November. However, December to January, the climate change was generated and the heating degree day increased. The blackout occured in 2011 and 2012 by increasing electricity consumption of heating and cooling equipment to the effects of climate change. That is because heating load accounted for 20% of building electric use. In this study, strengthening measures to reduce heating energy consumption is presented due to climate change in winter since 1980 to prevent blackout and reliable power supply for the building energy-saving design standards by Meteorological data provided by the National Weather Service were calculated using the heating degree days in order to present eighteen cities from 1980 to 2012. Insulation standards are presented to prevent black-out by the heating degree days. the heating energy demand was reduced almost 6% including 10% in Central, 5% in South and Jeju area based on strengthening of the insulation. It is applied to the entire country an annual economic effect of 250 billion won, and black-out can be prevented.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2013

This study aims at proposing a sound and sustainable development direction of an urban commercial district by identifying space syntactic properties, from the perspective of human ecology, of the street network in Enuengjeongi culture street as the representative commercial district of Daejeon City in Korea. The results are obtained through Angular Segment Analysis (ASA) on the street network in subject area for this study. It was found that most of the socially integrated nodes are arranged along the axis of main street in the district. However, in some of those nodes, it was investigated that the social integrative function have weakened, because open spaces as public space for the general public are occupied illegally by commercial purposes of shops and car parking. It was found that the socially isolated nodes are located at the district boundary connected to a relative narrow street, with a relatively low density of the commercial facilities. Besides, it was identified that a street width in the commercial district may be a factor affecting the social integration of a space on the basis of the openness of the space.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2013

The impervious area on the surface of urban area has been increased as buildings and artificial land cover have continually been increased. Urban development has gradually decreased the green zone in downtown and alienated the city from the natural environment on outskirt area devastating the natural ecosystem. There arise the environmental problems to urban area including urban heat island phenomenon, urban flood, air pollution and urban desertification. As one of urban plans to solve such problems, green roof system is attracting attentions. The purpose of this study was to investigate flood discharge and heat reduction effect according to the green roof system and to quantify effect by analyzing through simulation water and heat cycle before and after green roof system. For the analysis, Distributed hydrologic model, WEP (Water and Energy transfer Processes) and WEP+ model were used. WEP was developed by Dr. Jia, the Public Works Research Institute in Japan (Jia et al., 2005), which can simulate water and heat cycle of an urban area with complex land uses including calculation of spatial and temporal distributions of water and heat cycle components. The WEP+ is a visualization and analysis system for the WEP model developed by Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT).

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Many design index that are using in planning phase have been developed. The most popular things among them are Window to Wall Ratio and Surface to Volume Ratio. However there are some limits. Window to Wall Ratio cannot consider building size and Surface to Volume Ratio cannot do Window to Wall Ratio. Accordingly, in this paper, the Window to Floor Ratio was proposed that it can be considered both building size and Window to Wall Ratio. And analyzed correlation of energy demand. Method: For the test, 16 modules with the size of $6m{\times}6m{\times}4m$ were used to make 35 models with the same volume. The simulation was conducted to 945 cases using the window-to-wall ratio of 30, 50 and 70 % in three areas such as Seoul, Gwangju and Jeju and three kinds of windows. And IES_VE was used. Result: The findings above show that the Window to Floor Ratio that can be considered both building size and Window area have to become as design index. It was found out that design criteria with SHGC is necessary, not with the thermal performance (U-value). It is needed to additional analysis about residential building and the effect of 24-hours heating and cooling condition. It plans to carry out research to establish design indicators for climatic conditions in the country and building applications.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study, by comprehensively the characteristics of new Hanok application techniques with the proposed site application technology in the course of the design changes that have been accumulated through Hanok technology development the second stage business, by analyzing the range of reflection, new Considering the direction reflects the efficiency of the new Hanok application techniques. Method: new Hanok application technology, it was been established through research and development of large 1 new Hanok technology it has been proposed through the "site-specific application techniques" and 2 builders and designers "space-time proposed technique" Analysis of the case, at the center of the design changes, the land the body of laws and regulations, the requirements of the public buildings, compared to the construction method and the like for the reduction of construction costs, new Hanok applied technology in the process of change by it There was analyzed whether acceleration on the range and step which is reflected in the design Result: The result of new Hanok applied technology was built through the demonstration build business case, process another major technology, foundation, woodwork, walls, roof, has been reflected in the ceiling construction, the inclusion of items in the proposed technique of construction , it was applied to the main steps in general, except for other construction work landscaping. Application techniques and construction proposal technology research team has presented, show the difference between the scope and method. With significance effort to improve the unreasonable traditional methods of these core processes that can be reflected in the field repeated the construction proposed technique as a result of the utility that can be applied for substantial construction.