• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.30
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• pp.35-87
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• 2005

This research explores the empirical confirmation of the Internet development including from the period of innovation to the time of social-cultural use in today. The research focused on how tradition news media rover about the Internet developed from early to today, and understanding the media characteristics on the each stages from news frame. The research Is designed to conduit content analysis from 1989 to 2004, then this research is divided four(4) stages of the Internet development: innovation, diffusion, commercial usage, social-cultural usage. The results shows that there are significant different coverage by the stages. First of all, the news coverage pattern shift from technology focused on early stages to social usage focused on the later stages. This research confirms that the ratio of the seriation(technology) coverage defined when social usage is increased, on the other hand skeumorphs(social usage and content) coverage is increased in the commercial and social usage stages. This coverage pattern among news media does not such a big different and there is no competitive coverage. Moreover, the news coverage shifted from thematic coverage on early stages to episodic coverage while the number of usage increasing. In addition, the tone of coverage has not been changed significantly.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.10C
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• pp.1032-1041
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• 2007

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which is the core technique for the location based service, adopts the direct sequence/spread spectrum (DS/SS) as its modulation method. The success of a DS/SS system depends on the synchronization between the received and locally generated pseudo noise (PN) signals. As a step in the synchronization process, the tacking scheme performs fine adjustment to bring the phase difference between the two PN signals to zero. The most widely used tracking scheme is the delay locked loop with early minus late discriminator (EL-DLL). In the ideal case, the EL-DLL is the best estimator among various DLL. However, in the band-limited multipath environment, the EL-DLL has tracking bias. In this paper, the timing offset range of correlation function is divided into advanced offset range (AOR) and delayed offset range (DOR) centering around the correct synchronization time point. The tracking bias results from the following two reasons: symmetry distortion between correlation values in AOR and DOR, and mismatch between the time point corresponding to the maximum correlation value and the synchronization time point. The former and latter are named as the type I and type II tracking bias, respectively. In this paper, when the receiver has finite bandwidth in the presence of multipath signals, it is shown that the type II tracking bias becomes a more dominant error factor than the type I tracking bias, and the correlation values in AOR are not almost changed. Exploiting these characteristics, we propose a novel tracking bias mitigation scheme and demonstrate that the tracking accuracy of the proposed scheme is higher than that of the conventional scheme, both in the presence and absence of noise.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.191-209
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• 2022

This paper is a review of studies that focus on the prediction of a won/dollar exchange rate before and after the covid 19 pandemic. The Korea economy has an unprecedent situation starting from 2021 up till 2022 where the won/dollar exchange rate has exceeded 1,400 KRW, a first time since the global financial crisis in 2008. The US Federal Reserve has raised the interest rate up to 2.5% (2022.7) called a 'Big Step' and the Korea central bank has also raised the interested rate up to 2.5% (2022.8) accordingly. In the unpredictable economic situation, the prediction of the won/dollar exchange rate has become more important than ever. The authors separated the period from 2015.Jan to 2022.Aug into three periods and built a best fitted ARIMA/ARDL prediction model using the period 1. Finally using the best the fitted prediction model, we predicted the won/dollar exchange rate for each period. The conclusions of the study were that during Period 3, when the usual relationship between exchange rates and economic factors appears, the ARDL model reflecting the variable relationship is a better predictive model, and in Period 2 of the transitional period, which deviates from the typical pattern of exchange rate and economic factors, the SARIMA model, which reflects only historical exchange rate trends, was validated as a model with a better predictive performance.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.183-200
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• 2003

In order to assess the ecological changes induced by organic pollutants of the Shihwa Lake, BPI (Benthic Pollution Index) based on the benthic faunal community was employed. It was modified from Infaunal Trophic Index (ITI), and recommended as a pollution detecting method for the environmental assessment. The BPI values were calculated from the benthos data, which were collected for three terms: in 1980, before the Shihwa Lake was built up; in 1994-1997, which the Shihwa Lake was completely isolated from the outer seawater; in 1997-1999, after inflow of the outer seawater. Since the Shihwa Dike was constructed in February 1994, the pollution intensity of the lake had been increased from the narrow and inner part of the former Gyeonggi Bay and spread fast along the coast line of the Shihwa Lake. Then, in 1996 it showed the very high BPI levels all around the Lake. This serious polluted condition had been lasted till 1997, when the inflow of the seawater was begun. In 1998, from the nearest part of the Shihwa Gate, the BPI levels gradually became low in most area of the Lake, except its inner and narrow part. These greatly lowered BPI levels mean that the seawater inflow could be assumed to affect positively in the lake. Furthermore, BPI gave the same results from the other environmental assessment based on the abundance and the species richness of macrobenthic community. It shows that BPI could be useful as an effective method to assess the marine environment and evaluate the status of environmental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1977

Korea started the Atlantic tuna fishery from 1964 by means of longline, then added bait-boats in 1972. Both fisheries have given the top priority to catch yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares). The paper reviews available catch, effort and biological data, estimates some population parameters in order to understand the status of the Atlantic yellowfin tuna as a whole. The main findings are summarized as follows: 1. The total of 476 million hook-equivalent fishing effort was thrown to catch yellowfin tuna in 1974, among which one thired was shared by longliners. 2. The dominant age group becomes younger in both surface and longline fisheries. 3. The recent mortality coefficients were calculated as 1.5 for total mortality and 0.7 for fishing mortality. 4. The weight at recruitment was 2.7 kg in 1973 which was smaller than the regulation size(3.2kg) proposed by ICCAT. 5. The maximum sustained yield was calculated to 95-145 thousand metric tons, which was the level of recent catch. Therefore, it is apparent that the present yellowfin tuna fishery should continue to receive close attention.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-183
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• 1996

공기업(公企業) 비효율성(非效率性)의 근본원인을 소유구조상(所有構造上)의 문제, 경쟁부재(競爭不在)의 문제, 지나친 정부규제(政府規制)의 문제로 이해할 때 그동안 공기업관련(公企業關聯) 정책(政策)이 소유구조상의 해결책인 민영화정책(民營化政策)에만 지나치게 편중됨으로써 경제력집중(經濟力集中)이나 증시문제(證市問題) 등으로 인해 공기업(公企業) 비효율성(非效率性)의 치유가 오히려 지연되고 있다는 시각에서 본고는 출발하고 있다. 시장기능(市場機能)의 활성화를 통한 효율성제고(效率性提高)가 공기업정책(公企業政策)의 궁극적인 목표라고 할 때 공기업의 비효율성(非效率性) 문제는 공기업관련(公企業關聯) 산업(産業)의 경쟁정책적(競爭政策的) 차원에서 문제점들을 파악하고 해결책을 모색할 필요가 있다. 따라서 공기업분야에 시장기능(市場機能)이 정착되기 위해 민영화(民營化), 경쟁도입(競爭導入), 규제완화(規制緩和) 등의 효율성 제고수단들의 총체적이고 유기적인 연계가 필수적이다. 이러한 시각에서 본고는 민영화 등 공기업관련(公企業關聯) 경쟁정책(競爭政策)중 구조적(構造的)인 측면을 주로 살펴보고 있다. 공기업(公企業)의 비효율성(非效率性)을 공기업 자체의 내적(內的) 비효율성(非效率性)과 시장에서의 배분적(配分的) 비효율성(非效率性)으로 구분할 때, 내적 비효율성 못지않게 배분적(配分的) 비효율성(非效率性)이 심각한 것으로 보인다. 한국통신(韓國通信) 등 대표적 공기업 6개와 10대(大) 민간(民間) 대기업집단(大企業集團)의 수익률(收益率) 비교(比較) 등에 따르면 이들 공기업이 독점적(獨占的) 시장구조하(市場構造下)에서 민간독점기업적(民間獨占企業的) 행태를 취해 왔다고 판단된다. 한편 상대적으로 경쟁도입이 활성화되고 있는 통신산업(通信産業)의 경우 요금의 변화추이는 경쟁도입(競爭導入)이 배분적(配分的) 효율성(效率性)을 증진시키고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있어 시장구조(市場構造)를 경쟁적으로 변화시키는 것이 공기업정책(公企業政策)에서 절실하다고 판단된다. 구조적(構造的)인 경쟁정책(競爭政策)을 다루기 위해 본고는 사업다각화(事業多角化)라는 시각에서 6대(大) 공기업관련산업(公企業關聯産業)의 산업련관분석(産業聯關分析)을 통해 공기업이 상당한 전후방효과(前後方效果)를 갖고 있기 때문에 단순 민영화에 따른 수직적(垂直的) 독점력(獨占力) 확산을 고려하면서 구조적(構造的) 정책(政策)을 취할 필요가 있음을 지적하고 있다. 따라서 독점공기업(獨占公企業)을 민영화함에 있어서 시장구조를 보다 경쟁적(競爭的)으로 전환시킬 필요성이 크다고 판단된다. 1993년 민영화계획(民營化計劃)의 범위가 불충분하고 그 계획조차 지연되는 현상황을 고려할 때 민영화정책의 보다 강력하고 광범위한 실행이 필요할 뿐만 아니라 공기업분야에 경쟁적(競爭的) 시장구조(市場構造)가 정착될 수 있도록 유도하는 것이 공기업 관련 구조적(構造的)인 경쟁정책(競爭政策)의 핵심이라고 본다. 또한 본 논문은 공기업이 원래의 설립목적(設立目的) 이외의 다른 사업분야에 진출하는 것을 허용할 것인가에 대하여 구조적(構造的) 경쟁정책차원(競爭政策次元)에서 기본방향을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-77
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• 2001

The Honam region has been recognized as one of the most lagging regions in Korea. Drawing upon some decompositions oi Gross Regional Domestic Product(GRDP) per head and labor productivity, the overall trend of inequalities in Korea has been revealed and the trajectory of the Honam region's economic change has been identified by examining how the region's economic performance changed relative to that of Korea in the 1990s. There are some findings. First of all, Korea is characterized by strong divergence in the development of its region economies, in terms o\ulcorner per capita GRDP, which relies upon productivity differentials rather than differences in employment rates. Second, the Honam region has displayed poor economic performances in terms of GRDP per head except for Jeonnam. Third, the dramatic fall in cumulative population growth relative to the national average has been an important factor in the Jeonnam's overwhelming economic performance measured by per capita GRDP. Fourth, the decline in the relative productivity of the Honam region is mostly explained by falling relative regional productivity growth in construction, transport and manufacturing, although it should be noted that the latter sector has made positive contribution to raising relative regional productivity of Jeonnam. Fifth, overall the shift in employment to service sector, especially to social, personal, public, health, education, other services other than distribution, hotels, catering has tended to support relative regional productivities, along with the positive contribution being made oi agriculture, forestry and fishing to relative regional productivity growth in the Honam region.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.480-488
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• 2016

As the subprime mortgage crisis spread globally, it depressed not only the financial market, but also the construction business in Korea. In fact, according to CERIK, the BSI of the construction businesses plunged from 80 points in December 2006 to 14.6 points in November 2008, and the extent of the depression in the housing sector was particularly serious. In this respect, this paper analyzes the influence of the financial market fluctuation on the housing market before and after the Global Financial Crisis using VECM. The periods from January 2000 to December 2007 and January 2008 to October 2015, before and after the financial crisis, were set as Models 1 and 2, respectively. The results are as follows. First, when the economy is good, the Gangnam housing market is an attractive one for investment. However, when it is depressed, the Gangnam housing market changes in response to the macroeconomic fluctuations. Second, the Gangbuk and Gangnam housing markets showed different responses to fluctuations in the financial market. Third, when the economy is bad, the effect of low interest rates is limited, due to the housing market risk.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.25-56
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• 2006

This study attempts to review the increasing trend in international marriage of Koreans since 1990 and explore the pattern of socio-demographic characteristics of the married couples. This paper develops a conceptual scheme for changing pattern of nuptiality including an increase in international marriage. As the key forces behind the recent increase in international marriage of Koreans, the effects of rapid decline in fertility, rise in sex ratio at birth, urbanward migration of young women, expansion of gender-equity norms, and globalization are stressed. Micro-data from the marriage registration for the period $1990{\sim}2004$ and the divorce registration for the period $2000{\sim}2004$ are utilized. This study focuses on analyzing age at marriage, previous marital experience, education, occupation, and residence of the married couples. Attention is also focused on demographic characteristics of the divorced couples. Results of analyses reveal that there exists a great deal of diversity in international marriage of Koreans. A notable aspect is the profound differences between Korean men and women in the characteristics of their foreign spouses and themselves as well. Another prominent factor emphasized in the analysis is the nationality of foreign spouse. It is indicated that the stereotype of international marriage facilitated by marriage squeeze can be mainly applied to marriages between Korean men and foreign wives from China, southeast Asian countries and the CIS of the old Soviet Union. On the other hand, direct effects of value transformation and globalization are emphasized in the explanation of marriages between Korean men and foreign wives from more developed countries as well as marriages between Korean women and foreign husbands.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.46-58
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• 2021

Parks became essential to people after the introduction of modern parks in Korea. Following mayoral elections by popular vote, issues surrounding parks, such as the creation of parks, have arisen and have been publicized by the media, allowing for the formation of discourse. Accordingly, this study conducted a topic analysis by collecting news articles from major media outlets in Korea that addressed issues related to parks since 1995, after the introduction of mayoral elections by popular vote, and analyzed changes over time in the discourse on parks through semantic network analysis. As a result of a Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling analysis, the following five topics were classified: urban park expansion (Topic 1), historical and cultural parks (Topic 2), use programs (Topic 3), zoo event (Topic 4), and conflicts in the park creation process (Topic 5). The park-related discourse addressed by the media is as follows. First, the creation process and conflicts regarding the quantitative expansion of parks are treated as the central discourse. Second, the names of parks appear as keywords every time a new park is created, and they are mentioned continuously from then on, thereby playing an important role in the formation of discourse. Third, 'residents' form discourse about the public nature of the park as the principal agent in park-related media. This study has significance in that it examines how parks are interpreted and how discourse is formed and changed by the media. It is expected that discourse on parks will be addressed from various perspectives in further research focusing on other media, such as regional and specialized magazines.