• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.531-538
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• 2012

Visual cryptography is a scheme that recovers secret image through human vision by overlapping distributed share images without cryptographic operations. Distribution methods are still being developed for improving quality of shared images keeping size of images invariant and enhancing robustness against resize of images. Since visual cryptography only uses shared images, this fact is exploited to attack. From this fact, a scheme safe for sharing distributed images is needed. In this paper, a new visual cryptographic scheme using cover image is proposed. This scheme reduces the chance of detection against steganalysis and increases security. In addition, this paper shows that the proposed scheme can completely decrypt secret image without creating noise.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2004

In this paper, a modified and representative unit cell model was employed to study the tensile behaviour of closed-cell metallic foams with varying spatial density distribution as well as material imperfections. The density variation was assumed to follow a statistical probability distribution of the Gaussian type. A multiple cell finite element model, utilising the modified unit cell, was developed. The model exhibits deformation patterns similar to those observed in tensile testing. The nominal stress-strain curve obtained from quasistatic tensile of the foam was compared with experimental findings and was found to be in good agreement in the scheme of maximum strength only if the appropriate density distribution and volume fraction of internal imperfections are taken into account. Moreover, maximum tensile strength of the aluminium foam was found to be more sensitive to the volume fraction of imperfection than standard deviation of the density.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.169-169
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• 2021

통계학적 가능최대강수량방법은 가능최대강수량(Probable Maximum Precipitation, PMP) 측정 방법 중 하나로 WMO에서 통계학적인 PMP 추정 방법으로 Hershfield가 제안한 공식을 제시했다. Hershfield는 95,000개의 자료를 분석하였으며, 기본적으로 통계학적 PMP 추정방법의 빈도계수는 k_m = 15로 제안하였다. 그러나 강우 지속기간 및 연최대 시계열의 평균에 따라 값이 변하게 되며, Hershfield(1965)는 지속시간과 연최대 시계열의 평균에 따른 빈도계수가 5 ~ 20 사이의 값을 갖는다고 제안한 바 있다. Hershfield의 빈도계수는 미국 지역의 2,645개의 관측소의 95,000개의 강우 자료 이용했기 때문에 우리나라의 적용하였을 때 신뢰성에 문제가 있을수 있으며, 우리나라에서는 통계학적 방법보다는 수문기상학적 PMP 추정 방법을 주로 사용하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 기상 자료중에서 가장 많은 양을 가지는 지점 10개를 선정하여 빈도계수를 산정하였다. 빈도계수를 산정하기 위해서는 시계열로 구성된 강우 자료를 사용해야하며, 본 연구에서는 기상 자료의 이상치 검정을 진행하였으며, 경향성의 경우 정상성을 가지는 것으로 가정하였다. 확률 분포형은 극치분포인 GEV분포, Gumbel분포, Log-Gumbel분포, Weibull분포를 비교하여 가장 적절한 분포형을 선정하여 진행하였다. 최종적으로 얻은 빈도계수를 이용하여 구한 PMP값과 기존 Hershfield가 제시한 빈도계수 값 k_m = 15를 이용한 PMP값을 비교하여 차이를 분석하였으며, 그 적용성을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• v.y2005m4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2005

Experimental investigations were carried out in an atmospheric pressure, optically accessible and laboratory-scale dump combustor. The objective of this study is to obtain the phase-resolved gas temperatures at different phases of the oscillating pressure cycle during unstable combustion. To see the effect of incomplete fuel-air mixing on phase-resolved temperature characteristics, CARS temperature measurements were performed. Results including phase-resolved averaged temperature, normalized standard deviation and temperature probability distribution functions (PDFs) were provided in this paper. It could be found that the profile of mean temperature showed the in-phase relationship with pressure cycle. Temperature PDFs give an insight on the flame behavior as well as NOx emission characteristics. These results would be expected to play an important role in better understanding of driving mechanisms and thermo-acoustic interactions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.2 s.73
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• pp.77-86
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• 2004

In this study, we applied the Bayesian Network for the case of the mode choice models using the Seoul metropolitan area's house trip survey Data. Sex and age were used lot the independent variables for the explanation or the mode choice, and the relationships between the mode choice and the travellers' social characteristics were identified by the Bayesian Network. Furthermore, trip and mode's characteristics such as time and fare were also used for independent variables and the mode choice models were developed. It was found that the Bayesian Network were useful tool to overcome the problems which were in the traditional mode choice models. In particular, the various transport policies could be evaluated in the very short time by the established relation-ships. It is expected that the Bayesian Network will be utilized as the important tools for the transport analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.282-282
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• 2017

모래, 실트 및 자갈과 같은 비점착성 유사는 하천에서의 이동 형태에 따라 소류사와 부유사로 구분된다. 부유사는 난류로 인해 흐름 내에서 부유 상태로 이동하는 유사로, 대부분의 자연 하천에서 유사는 부유사 형태로 이송된다. 유수동역학적 조건 하에서 이동하는 부유사의 입도 분포는 유사 입자의 부유와 퇴적에 따라 불규칙적으로 변화하기 때문에 여러 연구에서 주요한 문제로 다뤄지고 있다. 부유사의 입도 분포는 흐름 유속, 부유사의 부유 높이, 하상 재료의 특성 등에 따라 변화하며, 로그 정규분포를 따르는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여러 다양한 하천 흐름 조건에서 부유사의 입도 분포를 모의할 수 있는 입도 분포 모형에 관한 개념적 틀(Framework)을 제안한다. 유사 입자의 입도 분포 모의는 추계학적 방법의 적용을 통해 얻어진다. 본래 점착성 유사의 입도 분포를 모의하기 위한 추계학적 입도 분포 모형으로부터 제안된 개념적 틀로, 다양한 흐름 조건 하에서 특정 확률 분포형을 띠는 입도 분포를 모의할 수 있다. 점착성 유사의 이동 모형에서는 점착성을 띠는 유사 입자들의 응집 현상에 따른 크기 변화를 모의하기 위한 응집 모형이 필수적이다. 시간에 따른 크기 변화를 모의하는 응집 모형에서, 흐름 내 여러 특성들에 의해 결정되는 응집 인자와 달리 파괴 인자의 경우 불규칙적 난류 운동으로 인해 무작위한 특성을 띤다. 모형에서 요구되는 파괴 인자를 특정 확률 분포형을 띠는 난수로 고려함으로써 점착성 유사의 입도 분포 모형이 개발되었다. 이 때, 점착성 유사는 프랙탈 구조를 가지는 것으로 가정하기 때문에 크기에 따라 밀도와 침강 속도가 변화한다. 반면 비점착성 유사는 크기에 따른 밀도 변화가 일어나지 않으므로, 고정된 밀도와 프랙탈 차원을 적용하여 점착성 유사의 입도 분포모형으로부터 비점착성 유사의 입도 분포 모의가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 추계학적 방법의 적용을 통해, 하나의 경계 조건으로 대변되는 하상 특성에 따른 단점 또한 보완될 것으로 예측된다. 예를 들어 로그 정규 분포를 띤다고 가정할 때 보정을 통해 결정해야하는 변수는 평균과 분산으로 두 개가 요구된다. 유사의 평균 크기로부터 확률분포형의 평균값이 결정되면, 하상에 존재하는 유사의 특성에 따른 입도 분포의 분산은 난수의 분산을 결정함으로써 모의할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

When memory devices are exposed to a space environment. they suffer various effects such as SEU(Single Event Upset). For these reasons, memory systems for space applications are generally equipped with error detection and correction(EDAC) logics against SEUs. In this paper, the error detection and correction strategy in the Mass Memory Unit(MMU) of the STSAT-3 is discussed. The probability equation of un-recoverable SEUs in the mass memory system is derived when the whole memory is encoded and decoded by the RS(10,8) Reed-Solomon code. Also the probability value is analyzed for various occurrence rates of SEUs which the STSAT-3 possibly suffers. The analyzed results can be used to determine the period of scrubbing the whole memory, which is one of the important parameters in the design of the MMU.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.3009-3015
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• 2013

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled whole genome and transcriptome single nucleotide variant (SNV) discovery in cancer and method of the most fundamental being determining an individual's genotype from multiple aligned short read sequences at a position. Bayesian algorithm estimate parameter using posterior genotype probabilities and other method, EM algorithm, estimate parameter using maximum likelihood estimate method in observed data. Here, we propose a novel genotype-calling system and compare and analyze the effect of sample size(S = 50, 100 and 500) on posterior estimate of sequencing error rate, somatic mutation status and genotype probability. The result is that estimate applying Bayesian algorithm even for 50 of small sample size approached real parameter than estimate applying EM algorithm in small sample more accurately.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.9-17
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• 2006

Large steel industries have nonlinear loads such as electric arc furnaces. Harmonic field measurements have shown that the harmonic contents of a waveform varies with time. Direct application of the harmonic assessment to the snapshot measurements would result in ambiguous conclusions depending on which instant is sampled. A cumulative probablistic approach is the most commonly used method to solve time-varying harmonics. Harmonic simulations are performed to evaluate the harmonic voltage and current distortions throughout the system. This paper provides an in depth analysis on harmonics field measurement of the electric arc furnace loads, harmonics assessment by the international harmonic standards IEC 61000-3-6 and IEEE Std. 519 and harmonic simulation for the time-varying harmonics. The EDSA program was used as a simulation tool for the case study.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

In this study, a seismic fragility analysis was performed for substation systems in Korea. To evaluate the seismic fragility function of the substation systems, a fragility analysis of the individual equipment and facilities of the substation systems was first performed, and then all systems were considered in the fragility analysis of the substation systems using a fault-tree method. For this research, the status of the substation systems in Korea was investigated for the classification of the substation systems. Following the classification of the substation systems, target equipment was selected based on previous damage records in earthquake hazards. The substation systems were classified as 765kV, 345kV, and 154kV systems. Transformer and bushing were chosen as target equipment. The failure modes and criteria for transformer and bushing were decided, and fragility analysis performed. Finally, the fragility functions of substation system were evaluated using the fault tree method according to damage status.