• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.152-158
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• 2023

This study analyzed the consciousness, unconsciousness, and individuation process of 'Cheongmyeong', the protagonist presented in the webtoon "Return of the Blossoming Blade", based on Jung's theory of individuation. The subject of the research was the webtoon "Return of the Blossoming Blade", which has formed a readership across various genders and age groups, based on a successful web novel. The individuation process of the protagonist of "Return of the Blossoming Blade", analyzed using Jung's theory, is as follows: Firstly, the protagonist's ego originated from the shadow derived from the unconscious. Secondly, the protagonist's persona is social and positive in reality, but the personal persona manifested as an unrevealed shadow. Thirdly, the protagonist's anima/animus connects the profound inner consciousness with reality, maintaining a complementary relationship with the persona. Fourthly, the protagonist's Self symbolizes the collective ideal human and the essence of the volcano. The protagonist was shown to achieve individuation through a continuous repetitive process of integrating consciousness and unconsciousness, and through the compensatory process.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1983

A series of laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the chemical composition, characterization of humic substances by physical and chemical methods and reaction of Na-pyrophosphate, $Ca(OH)_2$ and rice straw with albumin on the degradation of soil organic matter in the volcanic ask soils of the Jeju Island. Results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The contents of organic matter, available silicon, active iron and aluminum concentration in volcanic ash the soils were remarkably higher but available phosphorous was comparatively lower than the mineral soils. In volcanic ash soil, the contents of potassium, calcium and magnessium were higher in upland soil than that of forest soil. The ratios of active $Al^{{+}{+}{+}}/Fe^{{+}{+}}$, C/P and $K/Ca^+$ Mg were apparently high in volcanic ash soils while that of $SiO_2$/O.M. was high in mineral soil. 2. The carbon/nitrogen ratio in humin, humic acid content in organic matter, and carbon contents of humin in total carbon of soil organic matter were apparently higher in the volcanic ash soils than in the mineral soils, The total nitrogen and fractions of acid or alkali soluble nitrogen were remarkably high in volcanic ash soils while mineralizable nitrogen ($NH_4$-N and $NO_3$) contents were high in mineral soils. 3. The values of K600, RF and log K were also higher in volcanic ash soils than those in mineral soils, and the absorbance in the visible range were high and color was dark in the soil of which humification was progressed Extracted humic acid from volcanic ash soil was less reactive to the oxidizing chemical reagent and was persistance to the acid or alkali hydrolysises. 4. The major oxygen-containing functional groups in humic substances of volcanic ash soils were phenolic-OH alcoholic-OH and carboxyl groups while those in mineral soil were methoxyl and carbonyl groups. 5. Absorption spectra of alkaline solution of humic acid ranged from 200 nm to maxima 500 nm. Visible spectra peaks of from humic substances in the visible region were recognized at 350, 420, 450 and 480 nm. Only one single absorbance peak was observed in the visible region at 362 nm for Heugag series and two absorbance Peak were also at 360 nm and 390 nm for Yeungrag series. 6. Evolution of carbon as $Co_2$ was increased with addition of Na-pyrophosphate in Namweon and Heugag series, and "priming effects" took place on the soil organic matter decomposition by addition of rice straw with albumin in Ido series.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 1989

Stress에 잘 견딜 수 있는 metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor(MOSFET)의 매우 얇고(10mm 이하) 고신뢰성을 갖는 게이트 절연막을 개발하기 위해서 급속열처리법을 이용하여 제조한 재산화질화산화막의 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. AES 분석에 의하여 8nm 두께의 초기산화막을 질화시킬 때 산화막의 계면이 우선적으로 질화가 일어났으며, 질화된 막을 재산화시킬 때 표면과 계면의 [N]가 감소하였다. 또한 재산화시킬 경우 두께가 약간 증가함을 보였으며, 질화가 강하게 될수록 두께 증가는 크지 않았다. 전기적 특성으로써 I-V 특성과 고주파(1MHz) C-V 특성, 정전류 stress 후의 고주파 C-V 특성 변화 들을 조사한 결과 $950^{\circ}C$ 60초 동안 질화시킨 재산화질화산화막($ONO_L막$) 은 정전류 stress에 대하여 flat band 전압 변화에 계면 상태 밀도(interface state density)변화가 적고, 절연파괴전압(breakdown voltage)특성 등이 우수하게 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.34-37
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• 2003

화산석 담체를 충전한 biofilter에서의 ethyl acetate와 2-butanal의 혼합가스의 제거특성에 관한 실험결과는 다음과 같았다. 유입농도 변화 실험에서 EBCT를 30 sec로 유지한 채 혼합가스의 유입농도를 50 ~ 550 ppm 까지 단계적으로 농도를 증가시키면서 살펴본 결과 ethyl acetate는 300 ppm까지 99.9%의 제거효율을 보였으며, 2-butanol은 250 ppm까지 99.9%의 제거효율을 보였다. 유입유량 변화 실험에서 혼합가스의 유입농도를 150 ppm로 일정하게 하고서 EBCT를 60, 30, 15, 10 및 7.5 sec로 단계적으로 감소시킨 결과, EBCT가 15 sec로 유지하여 운전하더라고 99.9%의 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 또한 ethyl acetate 및 2-butanol의 최대제거용량은 각각 180 b/㎥/hr로 산정되었다. 이러한 결과들은 화산석이 biofilter의 충전 담체로 우수함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.25
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• pp.30-68
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• 1991

제주도는 지리적으로 동경 126$^{\circ}$08'～126$^{\circ}$58', 북위 33$^{\circ}$06'～34$^{\circ}$00'에 위치하며 비양도, 우도, 상추자도, 하추자도, 횡간도, 가파도, 마라도 등 8개의 유인도와 54개의 무인도로 구성되었으며 행정구역상 2시 2군 6읍 5면으로 되어 있다. 또한 본 도는 한반도의 최남단에 위치하며 환태평양 조산대 즉 호상열도에서 벗어난, 대륙쪽에 위치한 화산도로서 백두산, 울릉도, 연천, 전곡 지역 등과 더불어 신생대화성활동과 그에 수반하여 생성된 화산용암 동굴에 관한 연구조사 지역으로 대단히 의의가 있는 대상이다.(중략)

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 2016

The distribution of active volcanoes in China, overview of an active volcano monitoring of China, monitoring equipment status in China volcano observatory, and Changbaishan volcano observatory and volcano early warning system plan were investigated in this study.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2004

본 논문은 북제주군 협제리 해안가 근처에 소재한 건지굴을 대상으로 화산지역의 용암동굴에서 특이하게 진행되고 있는 용암석회질화 현상에 대하여 동굴내부와 주변 상황에 근거한 분석과 고찰을 통하여 석회질화의 발생 원인을 규명하는데 기여하고자 하였으며, 특히 동굴내부의 생태계와 연관된 분석을 병행 시도하였다. 용암동굴(화산동굴)은 생성이후 퇴화한다. 그러나 용암동굴에서 용암석회질화(lava-calcification) 현상이 발생하면 용암의 기공과 균열부분 또는 용암석간의 틈새에 석회질 성분이 지하수에 녹아 침투하여 고화되면서 구조적 보강효과가 발생하여 견고하게 진행된다. 이러한 현상은 마치 콘크리트 건축구조물에서 구조재료들을 물리적으로 연결하여 결합시키는 시멘트의 역할과 같으며, 따라서 용암동굴의 경우, 동굴이 형성된 이후에 전반적으로 퇴화가 진행된다고 알려진 일반적 경향에 반하여 용암석회질화 현상에 의해 오히려 구조적 보강현상이 이루어지고, 용암석회질화 현상이 진행될수록 용암동굴의 일반적 경향으로 나타나는 동굴퇴화현상 보다는 구조적 견고함의 진행성을 나타내는 특이현상을 갖는다. 이와 같은 진행성 용암석회질화 현상이 북제주군 협제리에 소재한 건지굴에서 진행되고 있음이 국내에서 최초로 확인되었다.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.290-317
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• 2013

The objectives of this study are to investigate the natural heritage and scientific value of various geosites on Udo Island, and to evaluate the sites as natural monuments and as world natural heritage properties. Udo Island includes a variety of geoheritage sites. Various land forms formed during the formation of the Someori Oreum formed by phreatomagmatic eruptions. The essential elements for the formation of Udo Island are the tuff cone, overflowing lava and overlying redeposited tuff sediments. Various coastal land forms are also present. About 6,000 years B.C., when sea-level rose close to its present level due to deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum, carbonate sediments have been formed and deposited in shallow marine environment surrounding Udo Island. In particular, the very shallow broad shelf between Udo Island and Jeju Island, less than 20 m in water depth, has provided perfect conditions for the formation of rhodoids. Significant amounts of rhodoids are now forming in this area. Occasional transport of these rhodoids by typhoons has produced unique beach deposits which are entirely composed of rhodoids. Additional features are the Hagosudong Beach with its white carbonate sands, the Geommeole Beach with its black tuffaceous sands and Tolkani Beach with its basalt cobbles and boulders. Near Hagosudong Beach, wind-blown sands in the past produced carbonate sand dunes. On the northern part of the island, special carbonate sediments are present, due to their formation by composite processes such as beach-forming process and transportation by typhoons. The development of several sea caves is another feature of Udo Island, formed by waves and typhoon erosion within tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. In particular, one sea cave found at a depth of 10 m is very special because it indicates past sea-level fluctuations. Shell mounds in Udo Island may well represent the mixed heritage feature on this island. The most valuable geoheritage sites investigated around Udo Isalnd are rhodoid depostis on beaches and in shallow seas, and Someori Oreum composed of volcanoclastic deposits and basalt lava. Beach and shallow marine sediments, composed only of rhodoids, appear to be very rare in the world. Also, the natural heritage value of the Someori Oreum is outstanding, together with other phreatomagmatic tuff cones such as Suwolbong, Songaksan and Yongmeori. Consequently, the rhodoid deposits and the Someori Oreum are worth being nominated for UNESCO World Natural Heritage status. The designation of Someori Oreum as a Natural Monument should be a prerequisite for this procedure.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

This study reports the Ar-Ar dating results for the volcanic rocks from small volcanoes(oreum) of the Hallasan Nature Reserve. According to the age of 40Ar/39Ar, the volcanic activity of the Hallasan Natural Reserve was started from about 192 ka ago. The basaltic trachyandesite and trachyte located in the Y valley near the Eorimok in the western part of the Hallasan Natural Reserve represent an age of about 191~192 ka, showing the oldest record of volcanic activity in the Hallasan Natural Reserve. In the Hallasan Natural Reserve, the small volcanoes older than 100 ka are Y Valley in Eorimok area (192±5 and 191±5 ka), Dongsu-Ak (184±19 ka), Mansedongsan (153±5 ka), Janggumok-Orum (135±6 ka), Eoseungsaengak (123±9 ka), Samgagbong (105±2 ka). And the small volcanoes younger than 100 ka are Witbangae-Oreum, Seongneol-Oreum, Muljangol, Yeongsil, Bori-Ak, Witsenueun-Oreum, Witsejokeun-Oreum, Heugbuleun-Oreum, Bangae-Oreum, Albangae-Oreum, Witsebuleun-Oreum, Baengnokdam, Nongo-Ak. According to the eruption of trachytes, the Hallasan Natural Reserve can be interpreted as having about 8 volcanic activities. Among them, 4 volcanic activities are related with the formation of trachyte dome, such as Wanggwanneung, Samgakbong, Yeongsil, and Baengnokdam, and 4 volcanic activities are related with flow or dyke of trachyte. The volcanic activity at the Hallasan Natural Reserve was started from northwest area, to in the southern area, and in the eastern area, and finally volcanic activity related to the formation of Baengnokdam.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.603-612
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• 1997

Cretaceous sedimentary-volcanoclastic formations of the Kyeongsang Supergroup were intruded by granitic rocks in the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. In the Euiseong and Shinryeong area, these intrusives have various compositions including gabbro, diorite，biotite granite and feldspar porphyry. Associated volcanic rocks consist of two chemically distinct types: the bimodal suite of basalt and rhyolite in the Keumseongsan caldera, and the felsic suite of andesite and rhyolite in the Sunamsan-Hwasan calderas. Most rocks are subalkaline, and follow a typical differentiation path of the calc-alkaline magma. The granitic rocks can be distinguished chemically from the volcanics by high Zr/Y ratios. Differences in Zr/Y and K/Y ratios between the two volcanic suites can be accounted for by mantle source and fractionation. Chondrite-normalized trace element abundances of granitic rocks are depleted in Th and K, whereas those of the Keumseongsan rhyolites are depleted in Sr and Ti. Rb, La and Ce is enriched in rhyolites of the Sunamsan-Hwasan calderas. $Rb-SiO_2$ and Rb-Y+Nb discrimination diagrams suggest that the intrusives and volcanics have a volcanic arc setting. K-Ar ages indicate four plutonic episodes : diorite (89 Ma), granite (66~62 Ma), granite and porphyry (55~52 Ma) and gabbro (52~45 Ma), and two volcanisms : bimodal basaltic and rhyolitic volcanism (71~66 Ma) in the Keumseongsan caldera, and felsic andesitic and rhyolitic volcanism (61~54 Ma) in the Sunamsan-Hwasan calderas. Geochemical and age data thus suggest that the igneous rocks are related to several geologic episodes during the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary.