Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Volcanic Activity of the Volcanoes in the Hallasan Natural Reserve, Jeju Island, Korea

한라산천연보호구역 소화산들의 화산활동 기록

  • Hong, Sei Sun (Geologic Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Lee, Choon Oh (Geo-Environmental Hazard Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Lim, Jaesoo (Geologic Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Lee, Jin Young (Geologic Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Ahn, Ung San (World Heritage Office, Jeju Special Self-Governing Provincial Government)
  • 홍세선 (한국지질자원연구원 지질연구센터) ;
  • 이춘오 (지질환경재해연구센터) ;
  • 임재수 (한국지질자원연구원 지질연구센터) ;
  • 이진영 (한국지질자원연구원 지질연구센터) ;
  • 안웅산 (제주특별자치도 세계유산본부)
  • Received : 2020.11.25
  • Accepted : 2020.12.29
  • Published : 2021.02.28
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Abstract

This study reports the Ar-Ar dating results for the volcanic rocks from small volcanoes(oreum) of the Hallasan Nature Reserve. According to the age of 40Ar/39Ar, the volcanic activity of the Hallasan Natural Reserve was started from about 192 ka ago. The basaltic trachyandesite and trachyte located in the Y valley near the Eorimok in the western part of the Hallasan Natural Reserve represent an age of about 191~192 ka, showing the oldest record of volcanic activity in the Hallasan Natural Reserve. In the Hallasan Natural Reserve, the small volcanoes older than 100 ka are Y Valley in Eorimok area (192±5 and 191±5 ka), Dongsu-Ak (184±19 ka), Mansedongsan (153±5 ka), Janggumok-Orum (135±6 ka), Eoseungsaengak (123±9 ka), Samgagbong (105±2 ka). And the small volcanoes younger than 100 ka are Witbangae-Oreum, Seongneol-Oreum, Muljangol, Yeongsil, Bori-Ak, Witsenueun-Oreum, Witsejokeun-Oreum, Heugbuleun-Oreum, Bangae-Oreum, Albangae-Oreum, Witsebuleun-Oreum, Baengnokdam, Nongo-Ak. According to the eruption of trachytes, the Hallasan Natural Reserve can be interpreted as having about 8 volcanic activities. Among them, 4 volcanic activities are related with the formation of trachyte dome, such as Wanggwanneung, Samgakbong, Yeongsil, and Baengnokdam, and 4 volcanic activities are related with flow or dyke of trachyte. The volcanic activity at the Hallasan Natural Reserve was started from northwest area, to in the southern area, and in the eastern area, and finally volcanic activity related to the formation of Baengnokdam.

이번 연구에서는 제주도 한라산 천연보호구역 내 소화산들에 대한 40Ar-39Ar 분석을 실시하고 그 결과를 보고한다. 한라산천연보호구역 내 어리목 상수원 부근에 위치하는 현무암질조면안산암 및 조면암이 192 ka 내외로 가장 오래된 연대를 보였으며, 동수악의 알칼리현무암 184 ka 내외, 만세동산의 조면현무암 153 ka 내외, 장구목오름의 현무암질조면안산암 135 ka 내외, 어승생악의 현무암질조면안산암 123 ka 내외, 삼각봉의 조면암 106 ka 내외 등으로 10만년 이상의 연대를 보인다. 10만년 전 이후의 화산활동으로는 윗방애오름의 현무암질조면안산암 94 ka, 성널오름의 알칼리현무암 92 ka, 물장올의 전이질현무암 81 ka, 영실조면암 71 ka, 보리악의 조면안산암 73 ka, 윗세누운오름과 윗세족은오름의 현무암질조면안산암에서 각각 76 ka, 93 ka, 흙붉은오름의 조면현무암 60 ka, 방애오름과 알방애오름의 전이질현무암은 각각 59 ka, 83 ka, 백록담의 조면암 47 ka, 한라산 북벽의 조면암 35 ka, 윗세붉은오름의 조면현무암 41 ka, 성널오름을 관입한 조면암 32~43 ka, 동수악 부근 조면암 39 ka, 서중천 지류하천의 조면암 37 ka 내외의 연대를 보였다. 따라서 이러한 연대측정 결과로 추정하면 한라산천연보호구역의 화산활동은 약 192 ka에서 홀로세 직전의 17 ka까지 지속되었던 것으로 확인된다. 조면암의 분출시기에 의하면 한라산천연보호 구역은 최소 약 8회의 화산활동이 있었던 것으로 해석할 수 있으며, 이 중 왕관릉, 삼각봉, 영실, 백록담 등과 같이 조면암 돔이 형성된 4회의 화산활동과 용암류의 흐름 또는 암맥상의 조면암이 산출된 4회의 화산활동으로 구분할 수 있다. 한라산천연보호구역의 형성은 지표상에 노출된 용암으로 볼 때 가장 먼저 보호구역 북서부에서 시작되어 남부지역, 동부지역, 그리고 마지막으로 백록담 형성과 관계된 화산활동 등의 순서로 진행된 것으로 해석된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 문화재청이 출연하여 제주특별자치도 세계유산본부가 지원하고 한국지질자원연구원이 수행한 "한라산천연보호구역 지형, 식생, 기후 기초학술조사"와 한국지질자원연구원의 주요과제(국토지질조사 및 지질도·지질주제도 발간)의 지원으로 수행되었습니다. 또한 논문 심사에서 세심한 검토와 조언을 하여 주신 심사위원들에게 감사드립니다.

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