• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.431-437
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• 2005

In korea, Freight generation models developed in korea were estimated by spatial unit method which predict freight flow by traffic zone. But it is difficult to predict freight generation using these models, because there are the difference of the totality method of sampling data on freight volume and the variability of the variables by these models on each case study, This study developed new estimation model to predict freight flow which is generated from each company using the characteristics of each company such as the freight outbound & inbound volume, the number of employee, sales, gross area, land area. This model is simpler than the that of spatial unit and can apply to the other region. The subjects of study were companies in metropolitan area and types of model were exponential regression models. The adequate explanatory variable in the models were sales. this study have a uniqueness apply micro research method to estimate freight generation not use spatial unit method but use flow unit method by each company unit.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 1998

The hydriding and dehydriding properties of a Mg-10wt.%Ni mixture, mechanically-alloyed in order to improve the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of pure Mg, were investigated. The $Mg_2Ni$ phase develops along with hydriding-dehydriding cycling. The principal effects of mechanical alloying in a planetary mill and hydriding-dehydriding cycling are considered to be the augmentation in the density of defects and the enlargement in the specific surface area. The mechanically-alloyed Mg-10wt.%Ni mixture is activated easily. It has much higher hydriding rate and hydrogen-storage capacity and relatively high dehydriding rate as compared with the pure Mg, the Mg-10wt.%Ni alloy, the Mg-25wt.%Ni alloy and the $Mg_2Ni$ alloy.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2009

This research estimates the contribution to the Busan regional economy made by Busan Port's container cargo handling from the microscopic point of view. The cost is calculated and shown in the currency unit of Korea, won, per TEU. A questionnaire was conducted to 12 different types of maritime business to obtain total sales and performances of the companies. The total sales of maritime business related to container goods per the whole TEU was computed at 238,230won/TEU. This can be adopted as a new index to analyse the Busan regional economy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.71-90
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• 2008

Container cargos for import and export of Jeollabukdo are handled at Gunsan port, which just hold 6.60% of the total amount 264,120 TEU. The rest of them, reaching 94.40%, are handled at Gwangyang port(55.90%), Busan port(34.15%) and other(4.45%). Container cargos for import and export handled at Gunsan port are 31,715 TEU that hold only 0.20% of all cargos in Korea. On the other hand, container cargos for import and export handled at Shanghai and Qingdao port are 26,912 TEU which hold 80.15% of the total handling container cargos at Gunsan port. If 50% of container cargos produced in Jeollabukdo are handled at Gunsan port, the total handling container cargos will be 130,000 TEU. And if the container cargos reaching 1,947,069 TEU which are using other ports can be attracted to Gunsan port, it is expected that around 190,000 TEU will be increased in the quantity of goods. The total container cargos of Shanghai and Qingdao port not handled by the nearest ports are 383,184 TEU. If Jeollabukdo attract around 10% of those cargos into Gunsan port, about 38,000 TEU container cargos will be handled at Gunsan port.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2002

Most investment evaluations and economic assessments of road transport proposals in Korea omit a valuation of the time spent in transit for loads of freight. These days there were few attempts to estimate value of freight travel-time savings in Korea, but most of them included rail or marine with statewide area so that couldn't obtain unique travel-time savings for road freight transport. This study applied revealed Preference method and associated binominal logit models to estimate the value of travel-time savings in transit from an statewide survey of road freight transport in 1997. Data sets were segmented according to transport areas and business types. The results of this study showed that the value of freight travel-time savings varied wide ranges from 53,449 won per hour in urban transport to 29,397 won per hour in regional transport, that the use of statewide value of freight travel-time savings can drives wrong results into economic assessment, and that the use of adequate value of freight travel-time savings according to assessment area is very important.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.346-351
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• 2021

With the goal of eradicating overwork, overload, and speeding of general freight cars(cargo) by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Infrastructure and Transport, the "The Fare of safe transportation for freight cars System" has been enforced since 2020. 'The Fare of safe transportation for freight cars' rate for each item is being applied and supplemented, but the 'The Cost of safe transportation for freight cars' of general freight cars (cargo) and steel items is under discussion. The purpose of this study was to estimate the willingness to pay( WTP) for cargo. A survey was conducted on shippers, transportation companies (arrangers, carriers), and cargo drivers (using direct questioning among contingent valuation method (CVM) and the Tobit Regression analysis was conducted, and the average and median values of freight rates were derived using the estimated results, and the willingness to pay by tonnage of freight cars was confirmed. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as a reference to the "The Fare of safe transportation for freight cars Committee" an organization for deliberation and resolution of the 'The Cost of safe transportation for freight cars'.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

An investigation on the removals of tetracycline (TTC), which is a family of antibiotics widely founded in the environment, from the aqueous solution by birnessite(${\delta}-MnO_2$)-mediated oxidative transformation was described. This study also examined the potential effect of the naturally occurring substances, humic acid (HA) on the oxidative transformation. The experiment was carried out in various conditions (reaction time, Mn oxide loadings, pH) and in the presence of HA as a batch test. The removals of TTC followed pseudo-first order reactions, and rate constants (k, $hr^{-1}$) for the removals of TTC were constantly increased with decreasing pH from 0.98 (pH 9) to 2.97 (pH 3). The rate constants also increased about 1.3 times when the birnessite loading increased from 1 to 2 g/L. Presence of HA (5 mg-C/L, at $pH{\geq}6$) caused some enhancement in the removals of TTC as compared to the control, and also showed the removal efficiencies of TTC in the birnessite mediated systems (TTC=0.25 mM, ${\delta}-MnO_2=2.0g/L$, pH 6) increased with increasing HA concentrations (1~10 mg-C/L). The results obtained from the oxidative transformation of TTC and the effect of HA were discussed in terms of reaction characteristics and mechanism.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.71-90
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• 2007

To induce container cargos to Gunsan port, we should struggle on securing the quantity of goods transported from the competitive Jeonbuk and Chungcheong areas by reducing transportation expenses by land, and make an activating plan for the international exchange between Gunsan port and nearby ports in China. As a result, if the plan to induce container cargos to Gunsan port is activated, the regular liners will stop at Gusan port. So the new sea route will be opened so that consignors can ship cargos in the proper time. The consignors will use Gunsan port frequently because of the reduction of distribution expenses. To do so, for the first, many incentives should be implemented to attract container cargos. In addition, various facilities should be fully equipped and improved. This paper is to improve the problems for which consignors, the shipping lines and forwarders may feel uncomfortable when they use Gunsan port. According to the research on the actual condition, the biggest problem in Gunsan port is the depth of water. The management, relation system, infrastructure and information system of Gunsan port are also insufficient. Therefore, this paper will make an alternative plan to improve these problems and help the container cargos induce to Gunsan port.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2007

The most important problem in logistic activities may be to decrease the transportation efficiency due to the traffic congestion in urban areas. The traffic congestion reduces the average travel speed of freight vehicles, and then increases the travel time. These problems can lead the logistic system to be inefficient. As a result, it causes an increase of transportation costs. In addition, the increased cost is a main barrier for the transition to an advanced logistic system. This study focuses on the analysis of key factors choosing commercial freight vehicles using Logistic regression-analysis with RP (Revealed Preference) data to solve the increase of private freight cars and transportation costs. Additionally, this paper presents policies to promote good use of commercial freight vehicles based on the results of this study.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.237-258
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• 2017

This research thoroughly analyzes prior literature related to the flexibility of cargo airlines to switch the airport and discusses the driving factors of such footloose nature. The main purpose of the study is to identify the most deterrent factors leading to airport relocation decision which determines cargo industries role on the global trade. Qualitative research based on systematic process analysis was conducted as a main research method. As a result, 24 factors related to airport-airline relationship were chosen and categorized into four main groups; (1) Location issues, (2) Restrictions, (3) Poor quality, and (4) High costs. The findings derived from the analysis of selected studies suggest that restriction related issues (e.g. night-time flight restrictions, customs administration) followed by location issues (e.g. absence of origin destination demand) have created more constraint to airport-airline relationship.