• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.641-662
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• 2010

Through the comparative studies on Korean and Chinese ethnobanks in the U.S., this research finds the difference in the social capital between Korean and Chinese American economy and reinterprets the social capital in overseas Chinese. In many ethnic studies, the ethnobanks in the U.S. are thought as the main drive of the economic prosperity in the ethnic communities. For the success of these ethnobanks, the relationship banking of these ethnobanks are contrasted with the arms-length banking of the mainstream U.S. banks. However there are the differences both in performance and business strategies even among different ethnobanks. Contrary to the Korean ethnic banks having much portion of business loans, Chinese ethnic banks have stressed real-estate loans in their loan portfolio. This research regards the differences of business strategies and performance of these ethnobanks as the result of the different social, cultural contexts in each ethnic community. From these finings, we can improve the understanding of the concept of social capital in overseas Chinese economy.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.31
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• pp.55-67
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• 1992

산업의 경영도 국가경영, 집단경영, 개인경영으로 구분되어 있으나 국가경영은 오히려 능률이 낮고, 개인영업이 능률이 높은 것으로 인식되고 있었다. 국가경영의 1일 노동은 8시간 근무제이다. 개인경영은 6시부터 새벽 1시까지도 근무하고 개인은 열심히 일하고 급료도 많으며 service도 좋은 편이나 집단·국가경영도 급료 및 service도 낮은 편이다. 개인의 경우는 자가용은 꿈도 꿀 수 없는 상황이다. 호텔은 합작으로 동남아 화교들이 진출하여 건설중에 있고 경제합작, 경제특구로 심천, 광주가 지정되어 외국인 업체가 진출하고 있다. 특히 일본과의 합작이 많고 자동차, 오토바이 등이 거의 일본 제품이다. 상품은 백화점, 국영상점을 제외하고는 정가가 없고 호객 행위로 50% 할인이 보통이었다. 상품은 하등품으로 섬유, 공예품 등을 중심으로 다양성이 없었다.(중략)

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.355-368
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• 2017

Regarding to Dandong as the gateway city of the Sino-North Korea trade, cultural anthropology characterizes it with a hybridity of four groups with a different combination of ethnic and national identity: Korean Chinese(Chosonjok), South Koreans, North Koreans and Chinese-North Koreans. And, microeconomics views the enterprises in Dandong area have different sizes and types in the Sino-North Korea cross-border trade depending on their owner's ethnic and national identity. However, these researches focuses mainly on the differences between the groups, falling short in showing how the group members utilize their double identities to maintain and prosper their businesses, coping with various and changing situations. This study introduces the concept of 'identity juggling' and applies it to Chosonjok cross-border traders. The results from the in-depth interview and survey indicate they juggles their Korean ethnic identity and Chinese national identity selectively in terms of their bilinguality of the Korean and Chinese, mobility crossing China, South Korea, and North Korea, and prospects on the trade revitalization thanks to potential mitigation of tensions in Korea peninsula.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-118
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• 2017

This study examines the identities shifting experiences of the ethnic Chinese refugee migrants who have returned to Vietnam. Their complex and hybrid identities as diaspora is an analytical and empirical subject for this study. Since the Vietnamese government implemented the renovation (đổi mới) policy in 1986, the number of overseas Vietnamese returning to Vietnam for visit, work, investment and retirement has been increasing. Among the returnees, many are ethnic Chinese, as there were many Chinese Vietnamese in the Vietnamese refugee diaspora from Vietnam during the 1970s and the 1980s. When they left Vietnam they were called 'the Hoa' (Chinese) or 'Hoa kiều' (overseas Chinese). When they returned, however, they were recognised together with all other returnees into the category of Việt kiều (overseas Vietnamese). Although their 'Chinese' identity had once made them to risk their lives, their 'Vietnamese' identity brought them back to Vietnam at other turning points in their lives. The shifting identity of these returning Chinese Vietnamese has produced dynamic and complex migration stories and an intriguing category of hybrid diaspora.