• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study looked into the change of tree growth of seven forest growth monitoring plots which were set up at the Undulyeong Hongchungun Kangwondo, and was accomplished to offer the basic data for the forest administration calculating carbon storage and removal in the Undulyeong area. Annual height and DBH growth were slowly progressed in the Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi stand which was young stand, but the growth rate of the other stands was lower than those young stand. The diameter class of the mixed forest and Qurcus mongilica stand was predicted to be similar to the now and Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi stand was predicted to move now diameter class to the high diameter class because thickening growth speed of the those stands were rapid. Now the end of 2003, total carbon storage of the Undulyeong model forest increased 149,000TC$(2.7\%)$ compared with the previous year. Seeing by forest types, occupied broad-leaved forest$(50\%)$, mixed forest$(34\%)$ and coniferous forest. During in 2003, total carbon which was removed and stored according to growth of the forest was 156,813TC and net carbon removal(148,664TC) increased into 2,613TC$(1.8\%)$ compared with the previous year. Seeing by forest types, occupied coniferous forest$(3.3\%)$, mixed forest$(3.1\%)$, broad-leaved forest$(2.8\%)$. Resultingly, the Undulyeong model forest is acting to net removal resource when see as green-gas side and net carbon removal are showing the tendency to increase recently little by little.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.305-308
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• 2013

This study was conducted to describe the external morphology of Platypus-koryoensis Murayama in immature stage, to determine each instar based on larvae head-capsule, and to measure individual and local variations in the number of mycangia of adult. Egg of P. koryoensis, had oval shape and lengths of the major and minor axis were $0.67{\pm}0.051$ mm and $0.41{\pm}0.053$ mm, respectively. Body colour of $5^{th}$ instar was gloss white with well-developed mandible. Larvae of P. koryoensis grew up to $5^{th}$ instar and each instar was clearly classified by head capsule width. Head capsule width for $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, and $5^{th}$ instar larvae were $0.35{\pm}0.004$ mm, $0.45{\pm}0.010$ mm, $0.67{\pm}0.039$ mm, $0.94{\pm}0.069$ mm and, $1.12{\pm}0.007$ mm, respectively. The colour of pupa was pale yellow and its length was $4.64{\pm}0.044$ mm. The number of mycangia per female had individual variations from 5 to 12 and 83% of the adults had from 6 to 8 mycangia. There was no significant difference in number of mycangia collected from between Namyangju region and Honchen region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to develop allometric equations for the estimation of crown fuel biomass of Pinus koraiensis in Korea. A total of twenty four representative sample trees were destructively sampled in Gapyeong, Hongcheon, and Jeongseon. Crown fuels were weighed separately for each fuel category by size class and by living and dead. The results of this study showed that the needles contributed the largest biomass (16.6 kg, 34.7%), followed by live branches with size ranging from 2~4 cm (9.0 kg, 18.9%), 1~2 cm (6.6 kg, 13.8%), <0.5 cm (5.1 kg, 10.6%), 0.5~1 cm (4.9 kg, 10.3%), and dead branches (3.2 kg, 6.8%), while the live branches with 4 cm (2.4 kg, 4.9%) as the lowest. The adjusted coefficient of determination values were the highest ($R^2_{adj}=0.6021{\sim}9742$) and standard error of estimate were the lowest (S.E.E.=0.2018~0.7271) in allometric equation $lnWt={\beta}_0+{\beta}_1lnD$. The available fuels that are consumed during crown fires (i.e., needles and twigs with diameter less than 1 cm) comprised 55.6% of the total crown fuel biomass.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.150-161
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• 2005

Soraksan National Park and Odaesan National Park, that are 20.7 km apart, should play an important role as habitats and corridors for wildlife because they are located in the center of Baekdudaegan. However, landscape features such as small area, fragmentation, and geographic isolation seem to impede the proper ecological functions of these two national parks. Using GIS technique, we examined the pattern of fragmentation in these two national parks and adjacent regions (Sokcho-si, Goseong-gun, Inje-gun, Yangyang-gun, and Hongcheon-gun) encompassing a total of $4573.5km^2$ in area. We then selected the patches suitable for an endangered carnivorous species, leopard cat, based on habitat conditions, and identified the network and stepping stone among patches to enable leopard cats to migrate. Diverse roads and artificial facilities in the study area generated a total of 24,701 patches: 39 patches among these were selected as potential habitats upon considering the habitat condition such as vegetation types and minimum area for leopard cat. Three patches nearby Gyebangsan and Bangtaesan were identified as a potential network center to relieve the effects of fragmentation and isolation of the two national parks. Our results also showed that patches containing Jombongsan and Bangtaesan would act as a source patch from there leopard cats can disperse to both national parks. It is an urgent task to identify the pattern of fragmentation and the connectivity between patches in national parks and adjacent areas for wildlife conservation because almost all national parks confront land- scape problems similar to the two national parks examined in this study.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.716-721
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• 2007

This study was conducted to obtain the basic data on the development of resources of wild edible greens, and the industrialization of the marketing of fresh wild vegetables. We have also investigated the distributing factors at five-day traditional markets (Taebaek, Hongcheon and Hoengseong) in Gangwon district, and in Jeonnam district (Naju, Damyang and Jangseong), in May and June 2007. At each market, there were 34 to 49 diverse shops selling fresh wild vegetables except at Naju, where there were 22 shops. Between 27 to 29 kinds of fresh wild vegetable were on sale at the traditional markets in Gangwon district, and 15 to 19 kinds were on sale along with many horticultural plants in Jeonnam district. Fresh wild vegetables including Aster scaber, Petasites japonicus, Pteridium aquilinum var. latussculum, Malva verticillata, leaves of Perilla frutescens, Lactuca sativa, leaves of Capsicum annuum, and Oenanthe javanica were on sale in the markets in both districts. Those selling fresh wild vegetables were typically over 51 years of age (88%), and among these over 66.4% were over 61 years old. Less than 6 kinds of fresh wild vegetable accounted for over 72.1% of the vegetables sold. Edible wild greens were mainly packed in vinyl bags (over 77%).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.490-497
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• 2011

This study was carried out to identify environmental factor to influence fruiting of Vicia chosenensis populations distributed in Hongcheon-gun region, Korea. The populations was dominated by Quercus mongolica in the tree layer, and Lindera obtusiloba and Lespedeza maximowiczii in the shrub layer. Syneilesis palmata(21%) was abundant around reproductive state points and vegetative state points, and Artemisia stolonifera(13~18%) and Spodiopogon sibiricus(10~11%) show second high frequency in the both points. It was found that the soil moisture content in the Vicia chosenensis population was 20.4~21.9%; 8.6~14.9% for organic matter; 0.3~0.5% for the total N;12.7~16.9 ppm for available phosphorus; 22.5~28.5 $cmol_ckg^{-1}$ for CEC; 5.3~5.5 for soil pH, respectively. The microhabitat of individuals was restricted to areas high in understory light. Especially, reproductive individuals were more likely to be located than vegetative individuals in canopy gaps. Therefore, our results suggest that a proper forest management maintaining canopy gaps is needed for keeping natural Vicia chosenensis population.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1253-1257
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• 2010

강원도 홍천군 내면에 위치한 비점오염 관리지역의 강우시 유출 특성을 파악하고, 비교하기위해 연구를 수행하였다. 2009년 6월부터 2009년 11월까지의 연구기간 중 강우량이 비교적 많은 7회의 강우사상에 대하여 단위면적당 유출량, 유량가중평균농도, 단위면적당 오염부하를 비교하며, 분석하였다. 강우사상별 단위면적당 총 유출량은 저감시설의 설치 유 무에 따라 명확한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 자운천 유역의 SS, TP의 유량 가중평균농도는 각각 4.0~1440.4 mg/L와 0.024~0.267 mg/L의 범위로 나타났으며, 덕두원 유역의 SS, TP의 유량가중평균농도는 각각 6.2~1001.1 mg/L, 0.039~0.226 mg/L의 범위로 나타났다. 지령골 유역의 SS, TP의 유량가중평균농도는 각각 3.4~1050.6 mg/L, 0.08~0.342 mg/L의 범위로 조사되었다. 10차, 11차, 12차, 26차의 SS 항목에서는 비점오염 저감시설이 설치된 자운천과 덕두원 유역에 비해 다소 높은 것으로 나타났으며, TP는 대부분의 강우사상에서 지령골의 유량가중평균농도가 높았다. 자운천의 강우사상에 따른 SS의 단위면적당 오염부하는 0.24~1,397.85 kg/ha의 범위로 나타났으며, 덕두원과 지령골에서 산정된 SS의 단위면적당 오염부하는 각각 0.06~1,236.78 kg/ha와 0.29~894.81 kg/ha로서 8차와 9차 강우사상을 제외한 나머지 강우사상에서는 비점오염 저감시설이 설치되지 않은 지령골에서 더 많은 양이 발생하였다. TP의 경우 자운천과 덕두원 유역의 단위면적당 TP 오염부하는 각각 0.0006~0.33 kg/ha와 0.0005~0.21 kg/ha의 범위로 나타났으며, 지령골 유역의 강우사상에 따른 단위면적당 오염부하는 0.003~0.29 kg/ha의 범위로서 저감시설이 설치된 자운천과 덕두원 유역보다 높게 나타났다. 단위면적당 오염부하에 기초할 때, 비점오염 저감시설이 설치된 소유역에서 SS와 TP 항목에 대한 저감효과가 나타났다. 하지만 짧은 모니터링 기간과 자료의 부족으로 인해 비교 및 분석의 한계가 있다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 지속적인 모니터링으로 더 많은 자료가 확보될 때 비점오염 저감사업의 효과를 극대화시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.254-263
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• 2009

The distribution and habitat characteristics of Echinosophora koreensis (Nakai) Nakai were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. The species Echinosophora koreensis is distributed within fourteen regions of the Korean Province of Gangwon, including Yanggu-gun, Inje-gun, Cheorwon-gun, Chuncheon-si and Hongcheon-gun. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 192-626 m, with inclinations of $1-45^{\circ}$. One hundred and fifty seven vascular plant taxa were identified from 42 quadrats in 14 habitats. Dominant species among the woody plants, based on importance value, were Pinus densiflora and Quercus dentata in the tree (T1) layer, Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica in subtree (T2) layer, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Prunus sargentii, Zanthoxylum schinifilium, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in the shrub (S) layer. Importance values for members of the herb layer were: Echinosophora koreensis 28.34%; Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum 10.21%; Spodiopogon sibiricus 7.60%; Atractylodes ovata 4.77% and Carex lanceolata 4.13%. The importance values of the last four species were high, so they were at affinity with Echinosophora koreensis in their habitats. Average species diversity was 1.03, and evenness and dominance were found to be 0.82 and 0.16, respectively. The soil types were sandy loam and loam. Average field capacity was 13.28%, and the organic matter and soil pH were 6.70% and 5.77, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 2014

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of amphibian and reptile (herpetofauna) populations in a coniferous plantation and a deciduous forest from July to September 2013 in national forest, Hongcheon, Gangwon province, Korea. Coverage of understory, mid-story and overstory were more developed in a deciduous forest. We used line transect sampling method on a total of 4 transect lines, 2 lines in each forest type. Fifty two individuals of 4 amphibian species and 11 individuals of 3 reptile species were recorded. Mean observed number of herpetofauna species, individuals and species diversity index (H') were not significantly different between coniferous plantation and deciduous forest. This result related to ecological characteristics of herpetofauna. Habitats of herpetofauna were influenced on not only vertical structure of forests, but also climatic variables, thermoregulation and prey availability. The long-term monitoring and research on habitat preference and seasonal ecological traits of herpetofauna would be needed for conservation and management of herpetofauna in forest areas.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.3 s.86
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• pp.306-313
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• 1998

The occurrences of ectomycorrhizal fungi were investigated in a pine-mushroom forest at Hongcheon, Korea. The fairy rings of Tricholoma matsutake were figured by the sporocarp places of T. matsutake for three years $(1995{\sim}1997)$, and the occurrences of other ectomycorrhizal fungi were surveyed with x and y dimensions for two years $(1996{\sim}1997)$. The diameters of fairy rings of T. matsutake ranged from 2m to 10m, which indicated that the age of the fairy rings as $10{\sim}50$ years when we consider that the growth of the fairy ring used to show about 10 cm per year. Russula bella, R. sororia, R. delica and Cantharellus minor were the major species occurred on the site during the survey period, and each species occupied 16.0%, 12.8%, 12.4% and 7.0% of total mushroom occurrence, respectively. From the results, we could conclude that the surveyed stand was a productivity-declining forest from the view point of pine-mushroom production. In addition, Amanita pantherina, Suillus bovinus, Ramaria flaccida and Laccaria amethystea were considered to be the indicator species for declining of pine-mushroom productivity since some fruiting bodies of the species appeared around the fairy ring of T. matsutake.