• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.421-425
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• 2009

수자원의 효율적인 관리를 위해서는 홍수량 자료뿐만 아니라 저 평수량의 자료도 매우 중요하며, 이는 최근의 가뭄 발생으로 인하여 용수공급 및 하천수질관리 문제에서 저수위 유량자료의 파악이 중요한 관심 대상이기 때문이다. 이를 위해서는 저수위에 대해 유량측정을 실시하여 유량자료를 확보해야 하며, 이와 더불어 연속적인 유량자료를 얻기 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 수위-유량관계곡선식이 필수적이다. 일반적으로 자연하천에서 수위-유량관계는 수위의 상승 및 하강에 따라 유량변화가 일정한 경향성을 가지고 변동을 하기 때문에 단일함수 관계로 설명이 가능하다. 하지만 갑문 조작에 영향을 받는 구간에서는 수위와 유량만의 단일함수 관계가 아닌 갑문의 개 폐에 따라 수위와 유량이 변동하는 특성을 가지고 있어 일반하천에 비해 수위-유량관계를 규명하는 것이 매우 어려운 문제이다. 최근에 ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) 및 유속지수법을 이용한 자동유량측정시설이 국내에 도입됨에 따라 저 평수량에 대한 연속측정이 가능하게 되었으나, 측정된 수위-유량자료를 이용하여 수위-유량관계곡선식을 개발하는 것은 아직까지 국내 외를 막론하고 명확히 해결하지 못하는 문제점이 남아 있다. 본 연구는 갑문의 조작에 따라 크게 영향을 받는 저 평수량에 대하여 수위-수면경사-유량관계를 이용한 산정방법과 자동유량측정시설에 의한 유량산정방법에 대하여 비교 검토하였으며, 이를 검증하기 위하여 ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)를 이용하여 갑문 개 폐에 따른 연속 측정을 수행하였다. 이와 같은 유량 산정방법과 검증을 통하여 보다 신뢰도가 높은 저 평수량을 산정하는 것이 목적이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2003

Many rainfall-runoff model, which is applied discharge calculation for effective water-resource planning and management needs topographic and parameter of basin character. But it is very difficult to apply real a phase. Accordingly in this study filling up these problems. Applying GIS(geographic information system) through environment creating input data or concerning with GIS and rainfall runoff model. We built environment that analyze hydrograph showing discharge variation by time. GIS software for constructing input data is used by ArcView. For analysis of hydrograph in Basin, TOPMODEL applied topographic index. Besides for estimate of appliance to rainfall-runoff model, simple storm event and complex storm event are applied rainfall data which was before.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2003

Studies of muscle fatigue have mostly been checked under isometric exercise. However EMG signals from isotonic exercise generate uncontrollable noise, so there were difficulties in gathering reliable median frequency and muscle fatigue index if frequency analysis was equally applied in isometric exercise. This study tried to compare the differences of muscle fatigue determinant variables in terms of median frequency searching methods of EMG signal, which was estimated in isotonic exercise. To accomplish this, we determined median frequency by using different FFT intervals and overlapping ration of consecutive FFT sections under the same EMG signal, and then searched for a linear regression line, and compared initial median frequency, slope, and muscle fatigue index which were variables under the linear regression line. In result of comparison, initial median frequency was more elevated as FFT exercise interval became larger. The slope of the linear regression line showed distinguishable decreasing tendency as FFT intervals were larger and overlapping sections were smaller. Significant tendency of muscle fatigue index in FFT interval was shown by high muscle fatigue index in specific FFT intervals.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.325-336
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• 2010

This study presents the alteration of flow regime by effects of dams and water use in the Geum River Basin. The surface water use rate and the Impounded Runoff (IR) index were examined to assess the pressure indicators of the flow alteration. We applied the flow duration curve, flow regime coefficient, flood and low-flow frequency analysis as well as Range of Variability Approach (RVA) to investigate the quantitative changes in natural flow regimes. The results indicate that the high flow decreased and low flow increased respectively compared to the natural flow regimes at eight gauging stations. The Geum river is regulated by 139 dams and reservoirs storing 24% of the annual mean discharge and has high surface water use rate of 36%. These indicators are main pressure factors to alter flow regimes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2017

기후변화에 따른 강수의 시 공간적 변동성 및 패턴변화는 다목적댐 등 수자원시설물을 이용한 용수공급 및 미래 용수공급의 안정성에 많은 어려움을 줄 것으로 전망되고 있다. 여름철 홍수기 유입량에 의존하고 있는 기존 다목적댐 저수지 운영기준으로는 더 이상 안정적인 용수공급을 만족하기 어렵다. 주요 취수원인 다목적댐에서의 가뭄단계는 기준저수량에 의해서 결정되어지며 가뭄단계는 관심, 주의, 경계, 심각 총 4단계로 구분되며, 해당 기준저수량 이하로 저수량이 저하될 경우 가뭄단계가 발령 및 용수제한공급이 시행된다. 그러나 가뭄단계별 해제의 경우, 정상 용수공급 환원기준에 도달하여야만 용수공급이 정상으로 회복되는 보수적인 기준을 적용하고 있어 정상환원공급 기준에 도달할 때까지 가장 심각한 단계의 용수공급 제한을 감수하여야 한다. 반면, 미국 등 선진국의 경우 가뭄대응 단계 발령 및 해제기준을 기상 및 수문조건 그리고 저수지 수위의 유지 상태 등 다양한 조건을 분석하여 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일단위 실시간 가뭄(유입량) 지수(SFI, Standard Flow Index)와 단계별 저수지 수위의 유지 기간을 통합한 가뭄대응 단계별 해제기법을 개발하였다. 최적 해제기준 도출을 위해 낙동강 다목적댐을 대상으로 다양한 가뭄해제 시나리오를 선정하고 가뭄대응 단계별 해제기준에 대한 정량적 효과를 분석하여 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 충주댐을 대상으로 기후변화에 따른 미래 댐운영에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 연구 목적에 접합한 GCM 및 상세화 기법 선정을 위한 절차를 적용함으로써 사용자 중심의 기후변화 시나리오 상세화 자료가 유입량의 재현성 평가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 우선 편이보정 전의 29개 원시 GCM에 대한 강수량 및 기온의 순단위 시 공간적 재현성 평가를 통해서 상위 16개 GCM을 선정하였다. 이후 상세화 기법을 선정하기 위해서 유입량 전망에 중요하다고 판단되는 총강수량(prcptot) 및 일최대강수량 (rx1day)을 기후지수(Climate Indices)로 선정하였다. 상세화 기법은 과거기간의 재현성이 평가, 미래기간 시그널 왜곡도 평가, 공간상관성에 대한 재현성 평가를 통해 SQM 기법을 선정하였다. 제한적인 기후변화 전망 자료를 고려하여 과거 30년 기간에 대한 모의결과 월단위 모형효율지수(ME) 및 결정계수 ($R^2$)는 모두 0.92로 만족할 만한 결과를 보여 주었다. GCM 선정에 따른 오차는 원시 GCM을 통해 선정된 16개 GCM을 사용한 경우 유입량 재현성 평가에 있어 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 전체적으로 상세화 자료를 유역 모델링에 활용하는 경우 GCM의 선정보다는 상세화 기법의 선정이 전체적인 재현성 평가에 있어서 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 미래기간에 대한 평균 유입량 전망은 모든 RCP 시나리오에서 근 미래 보다는 중간 및 먼 미래 기간 동안에 유입량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 모든 미래 기간에 대해여 RCP 8.5 시나리오가 RCP 4.5 시나리오와 비교하여 유입량의 증가가 높을 것으로 전망되었다. 홍수 관리측면에서 중요한 일 최대 유입량의 미래 변동은 평균 유입량과 비교하여 최대 두 배 이상의 높은 변화율을 보였다. 댐운영 측면에서는 연간 총 유입량의 변화보다 시기별 유입량의 변동 특성을 이해하는 것이 중요하며, 평균 유입량 및 일단위 최대 유입량 모두 근 미래 기간에 대해서는 RCP 시나리오 모두 7월 및 8월을 중심으로 유입량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면 중간 미래에서 먼 미래로 갈수록 평균 및 일단위 최대 유입량 모두 전체 기간에 걸쳐 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.537-545
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• 2018

Determination of the time parameters such as the travel time in the design flood is very important. The travel time is mainly used for flood and river management, and the travel time of non flood season is used for maintenance flow and management of the river. Estimation of travel time for natural rivers is mainly based on the geomorphological factors of the basin. In addition to the topographical factors, the travel time is calculated by considering the factors of the runoff curve, velocity and rainfall intensity. However, there is no study on the estimation of travel time considering both the rainfall condition and the soil moisture accounting by the frequency period. Therefore, the travel time calculation is divided into the case of setting the Hwanggang Dam and the Imjin bridge water level station of Imjin river as the natural river considering rainfall condition by the frequency period and the soil moisture accounting, and the case of traveling the Imjin bridge water level station according to the condition of outflow of the Hwanggang Dam. For the sections set as natural rivers, the results were verified by comparing with the newly developed travel time calculation method. Based on the results, the travel times of the Hwanggang Dam outflow conditions were calculated. The time to travel in this study can be secured flood control of the Imjin river basin and time to prepare for danger when outflowing the the Hwanggang Dam.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.120-131
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• 2011

A pilot-scale experiment of floodplain filtration with a filtration depth of 3.6m was performed employing flood/rest type raw-water supply system in an effort to find ways to improve river water quality by additional treatments of discharged effluent from sewage treatment plant. Soil samples were taken from 3 sites including Gumi, Daegu and Gimhae along the Nakdong river. Reductions of infiltration rates following increases in operating time was investigated in each soil sample, along with the analysis of removal efficiencies of various pollutants according to different depths and infiltration rates. The results show incremental development of clogging on the soil surface with increases in operation time, and illustrate exponential decrease in the infiltration rate. The time required for the removal of the clog from the soil surface was longer than 2 weeks for all soil samples analyzed. The stable infiltration rates for soils were 5 m/day for Gumi and for Daegu and Gimhae was 1 m/day. In unsaturated soils dissolved oxygen levels increased following the increase of filtration depth, suggesting that alternating application of flood and rest for raw-water supply effectively keeps the soil environment aerobic. For all soils, the nature of pollutant removal depending on the depth of filtration remained the same regardless of the infiltration rate. Most of the BOD and turbidity were removed within 1.2 m, about 30% of COD was removed within 3.6m and was expected to be removed further with increases in filtration depth. Nitrification occurred near the surface of all soils; however there was no significant removal of nitrogen in the filtration depths tested in this study. Although removal rate of phosphorus was low for Gumi's soil, it was high enough for other soils, suggesting that the method developed in this study could significantly improve river water quality.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2016

River restoration has recently been performed not only for the improvement of the artificial parts in the past but also for the restoration of abandoned river reaches which were blocked and isolated. For the restoration of abandoned river reaches, it is important to recover the hydraulic and ecological connectivity in the isolated space by longitudinal structures like levees. But because the assessment tools to determine whether the river restoration is performed properly are so rare at present, we aim to provide a tool for assessing ecological connectivity in a target river in this study. In the first step, one-dimensional numerical model for rainfall-runoff and channel routing was developed and then applied to the watershed of the Cheongmi Stream. In this step, a numerical model was developed to assess the restoration of connectivity. The model consists of two parts: one part is to convert the results of one-dimensional channel routing into two-dimensional spatial distribution. The other is to calculate the habitat suitability index according to time steps by using two-dimensional hydraulic features. The model was applied to a restoration area of the Cheongmi Stream. The advantage of this study is that two-dimensional hydraulic analysis can be easily obtained from one-dimensional hydraulic analysis without a complex and time-consuming two-dimensional analysis. HHS (Hydraulic Habitat Suitablility) by sections of target reaches and target species can be easily obtained using the results of this study.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2015

Differences in characteristics of flora and environmental factors of geomorphology, hydrology, water quality and soil were investigated in the shoreline of total 35 reservoirs according to their usages of waterpower generation, agricultural water supply, residential and industrial water supply and flood control in Korea. The number of plant species, floral structure and characteristics of species traits in the shoreline of reservoirs were different according to their usage. From the results of stepwise regression analysis, the total number of vascular plant species was increased at the environment of the higher flood frequency at the median water level and the longer exposure duration of the shoreline. The results of principal coordinates analysis and cluster analysis showed that the shoreline flora was classified as the 3 types of 1) flood control and residential and industrial water supply, 2) agricultural water supply and 3) waterpower generation reservoirs. The water level fluctuation, flood frequency at the median water level, lake water quality index and exposure duration of the shoreline were selected as important environmental factors affected on the characteristics of shoreline flora. The species richness of total flora and hydrophytes, especially submerged macrophytes, were much higher in the reservoirs for the purpose of the waterpower generation in which mesotrophic water quality and stable water levels were maintained. Annual or biennial ruderals were established on the ephemeral drawdown zone of flood control, residential and industrial water supply reservoirs which have oligotrophic or mesotrophic water quality and wide range of water level fluctuation. The floating hydrophytes were differentially dominated in the littoral zones of the agricultural water supply reservoirs with a mesotrophic or eutrophic water quality and a medium water level fluctuation. In conclusion environmental factors related to water level fluctuation and water quality were different and then the floral characteristics of shoreline were distinguishable according to usage of Korean reservoirs.