• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate purification characteristic of soil-bentonite landfill liner and to develop a desirable liner system. In order to clarify the purification characteristics, high pressure column tests using soil-bentonite, reactive soil-bentonite and reactive bentomat were carried out in the presence of water and leachate. The test results indicated that the significant amount of NH$_3$-N, Pb and Cu was removed through the reactive soil-bentonite liner system.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.67-85
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• 2000

Fifty seven soil samples were collected from the paddy soil filled with tailings in the vicinity of the Seosung Pb-Zn mine. Those samples were analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in order to investigate heavy metal pollution levels in the paddy soil. Analyses of the soil samples were carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES) . Paddy soils show pH range from 6.55 to 8.26. X-ray diffraction analyses of the paddy soil indicate that the soils consist predominantly ankerite, siderite, quartz, mica, and clay minerals with minor amounts of amphibole and chlorite. The mineral composition of the waste rocks consists of massive galena, sphalerite, and minor amounts of pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, calcite, siderite, Pb-sulfosalt, and marcasite. The paddy soils were significantly contaminated by heavy metals(average concentrations, As: 334.4 ppm, Cd: 37.6 ppm, Co: 15.7 ppm, Cu: 214.1 ppm, Pb: 4,612 ppm, and Zn: 4,468 ppm).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.46-52
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• 1987

This study of adsorption and column percolation was conducted to examine the utilization of natural zeolite for the removal of heavy metals from waste water to compare with that of absorption activated carbon. The adsorption of heavy metals by natural zeolite was conformed to the Freundlich isotherm (1/n values: $0.12{\sim}0.45$, K values: $18.77{\sim}59.48$) and natural zeolite was turned out to be an effective adsorbent of heavy metals. At the same particle size and percolation velocity, zeolite adsorbed a greater amount of heavy metals was adsorbed on natural zeolite than activated carbon. The smaller the particle size, the more heavy metals that were adsorbed. It was postulated that the most effective size as an adsorbent of heavy metals from waste water ranged from 0.5 to 2.0mm. The slower the percolation velocity that of the heavy metal solution in column, the more heavy metals were adsorbed. Natural zeolite in a single solution adsorbed more heavy metals than that in mixed solution, and the order of the adsorption amount on natural zeolite was Cu>Zn>Cd.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

Microbial changes in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the subsequent effects on the conditional stability constants of copper were investigated using 14 day-incubations of Pony Lake fulvic acid (PLFA), Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) and the mixtures of the humic substances and glucose. After incubation, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were diminished, and specific UV absorbance values and DOC-normalized fluorescence intensities increased. The microbial changes were minimal for the samples contaning humic substances only whereas they were much pronounced for the mixtures with glucose. The extent of the changes increased with a higher content of glucose in the mixtures. The same trend was observed even for glucose solution. Our results suggest that labile organic moieties may be transformed into more chromophoric and humidified components by biodegradation. For the mixture samples, the copper binding stability constants did not change or even decreased after incubation. Therefore, microbially induced enrichment of the fulvic- and humic-like carbon structures in DOM appears to result in little change or the decrease of the copper binding coefficients.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The present study is focused on the granite weathering and soil formation, and the heavy metal contamination in soils in the Onsan industrial area. For profile study, soil sampling was conducted on each depth and experimental analyses have been conducted on those samples. X-ray diffraction analyses show that clay minerals consist mainly of kaolin minerals, vermiculite, and minor illite. Most of kaolin minerals in the lower kiwi of the profile consist of halloysite as confirmed by formamide intercalation, but the content of halloysite decreases gradually toward the surface since it has been transformed to kaolinite in the upper part of the profile. Thermal treatment by heating at $110^{\circ}C,\;300^{\circ}C,\;and\;550^{\circ}C$ shows a diffuse and broad peak the between 10 and $14\;{\AA}$ region in X-ray diffractograms. This suggests the possible existence of the hydroxy-Al interlayerecl vermiculite. Na-citrate extraction method reaconfirms this result showing transition of $14\;{\AA}$ peak to $10\;{\AA}$ In by removing the interlayer materials and restoring the vermiculite to its original state. The occurrence of hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite is also supported by soil pH distribution room 3.9 In the lower part to 3.6 in the upper part of the profile. Sequential extraction experiment was conducted to investigate the states of heavy metals in soils. The experiment shows that relatively high amounts of heavy metals are concentrated in the upper part of the profile and that most of them are bound to Fe/Mn oxides and organic matters while less concentration in clay minerals. The result indicates that most of heavy metal pollutants are concentrated in the surface soil and that the low concentrations of heavy metals in clays are mainly due to the low adsorption capacities of clay minerals such as kaolin minerals and hydroxy-Al interlayered vermiculite in acidified soil condition.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.343-350
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of immature compost on the amount of nutrient content, heavy metal concentration, and application rate that were used for lettuce cultivation. The characteristics of the two composts (Compost A (CA) was immature compost and Compost B (CB) was mature compost) were evaluated upon mixing with commercial soil at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/w). The poor chemical characteristics were appeared by use of immature compost as soil amendment; the 50% and 75% rates were weakly acidic at pH 5.39 and 5.50, respectively. The total carbon content at using of 75% of the immature compost and mature compost increased the most to 14.5 and 6.5% and it significantly increased concentrations of the total nitrogen and phosphorus compared to control. As for 75% mature compost rate increased significantly the concentrations of Cu ($128mg\;kg^{-1}$), Zn ($260mg\;kg^{-1}$), Pb ($0.32mg\;kg^{-1}$) and, Cd ($0.48mg\;kg^{-1}$) compared to control, and the highest As concentration increased significantly at 75% and 50% (6.69 and $6.28mg\;kg^{-1}$) including in 25% immature compost as $6.48mg\;kg^{-1}$. However, all of the high compost rates significantly decreased the shoot biomass of lettuce. The immature compost was potentially amended at an application rate of 25% due to a slight salinity and low risk to heavy metal uptake on lettuce growth. This use may be available if the rate is lower than that used in this trial.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.332-340
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• 2007

Storm runoff from road contains significant loads of particulate and dissolved solids, organic constituents and metal elements. Micro particle is important when considering pollution mitigation because pollutant metal and organics have similar behavior with particles. The objective of this research is to evaluate the hydrodynamic filter separator performance for road storm runoff treatment. A various types of media such as perlite, granular activated carbon, zeolite were used for column test packing media and filter separator, and to determine the removal efficiency with various surface loading rate. As the results of column test, the highest SS removal efficiency was using mixed media(granular activated carbon, zeolite and perlite), and granular activated carbon mixed with zeolite has higher heavy metal removal efficiency than perlite. In laboratory scale hydrodynamic filter separator study, the operation ranges of surface loading rates were from 192 to 1,469 $m^3/m^2/day$. The estimated overall removal efficiencies of hydrodynamic filter separator for typical storm runoff were SS 48.1%, BOD 31.9%, COD 32.6%, TN 15.5%, and TP 17.3%, respectively. For the case of heavy metals, overall removal efficiencies were Fe 26.0%, Cu 19.4%, Cr 25.7, Zn 16.6%, and Pb 15.0%, respectively. The most appropriate medium for hydrodynamic filter separator was perlite mixed with granular activated carbon to treatment of road storm runoff.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.560-566
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• 2008

In this paper, the solidification behaviour and compressive strength of fly ash, cement, and waste stone powder were studied each separately and with addition of each in different proportions. And also, we assessed stabilizing ability of waste stone powder in cement which was added in fly ash. The particle size of waste stone powder was found smaller than the fly ash and cement particle sizes. Moreover, when mixing all(fly ash, cement, and waste stone powder) showed distinctive crystal structure, and improved stiffness. In case of mixing fly ash, cement and waste stone powder in different proportions, the compressive strength was exceeded to the predicted compressive strength of 10 kgf/cm$^2$. The XRD analysis showed high contents of CaO in fly ash and SiO$_2$ in case of waste stone powder sample. Heavy metal emission experiment showed the 3mg/L of Pb after 14 days of mixing 150 kg/m$^3$ of cement with the 80$\sim$100 kg/m$^3$ of waste stone powder, which is fulfilling the National Waste Management Policy.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.349-356
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• 2003

As industrial activities are growing, pollutants found in the contaminated land are getting diverse. Some contaminated areas are subject to mixed wastes containing both organic and inorganic wastes such as hydrocarbon and heavy metals. This study concerns with the influence of the degradation of organic pollutants on the coexisting heavy metals, expecially for As. As mainly exists as two different oxidation state; As(III) and As(V) and the conversion between the two chemical forms may be induced by organic degradation in the soil contaminated by mixed wastes. We operated microcosm in an anaerobic chamber for 60 days, using sandy loam. The soils in the microcosm are artificially contaminated both by tetradecane and As, with different combination of As(III) and As(V); As(III):As(V) 1:1, As(III) only and As(V) only. Although not systematic, ratio of As(III)/As(Total) increase slightly at the later stage of experiment. Considering complicated geochemical reactions involving oxidation/reduction of organic materials, Mn/Fe oxides and As, the findings in the study seem to indicate the degradation of the organics is connected with the As speciation. That is to say, the As(V) can be reduced to As(III) either by direct or indirect influence induced by the organic degradation. Although Fe and Mn are good oxidising agent for the oxidation of As(III) to As(V), organic degradation may have suppressed reductive dissolution of the Fe and Mn oxides, causing the organic pollutants to retard the oxidation of As(III) to As(V) until the organic degradation ceases. The possible influence of organic degradation on the As speciation implies that the As in mixed wastes may be have elevated toxicity and mobility by partial conversion from As(V) to As(III).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2002

Pistia stratiotes(Water Lettuce) can be applied to remove inorganic pollutants from the wastewater for the advanced treatment. This study attempts to remove heavy metals from the secondary treated wastewater. Three different initial concentrations of heavy metals were applied as 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L for Lead(Pb) and Chromium(Cr(VI)). In addition, the removal efficiency for the mixture of Lead and Chromium was also observed. The removal efficiency of Pb was in the range of 41.0~72.0% for Pb and it was in the range of 25.0~30.0% for Cr(VI) by Pistia stratiotes. The plants placed in static systems were able to remove the heavy metals in a few days of exposure. However, it was observed that the heavy metals affected produce phytotoxic effects on plants resulting in inhibition of chlorophyl synthesis, decrease in biomass production, and finally plant necrosis. The removal efficiencies of Pb and Cr(VI) by Pistia stratiotes were increased with plant growth.