• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.921-945
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• 2012

Conditional Logit (CL) model is widely used since its model estimation and interpretation of results of the model is relatively easy, on the other hand, it has the limit of preference heterogeneity of respondents being not fully considered. In this study we used the two models, Mixed Logit (ML) Model and Latent Class Model (LCM) to explain preference heterogeneity of respondents for protection for Boryeong Dam wetland. As a result of the examination for heterogeneity in Boryeong city and six metropolitan areas, we found there was significant difference between two regions. While there was explicit preference heterogeneity within respondents in Boryeong city, we found little heterogeneity within respondents in six metropolitan areas. Thus in the case of six metropolitan areas, CL model can be used for parameter estimation while in the case of Boryeong city, WTP estimates are based on parameter estimates from ML model to reflect the heterogeneity within respondents. Additionally, ML model with interaction and 2-class LCM for respondents in Boryeong city were used to explain the sources of the heterogeneity. The ML model with interaction has advantage of explaining individual unobserved heterogeneity. However The comarison between these two models reflects the fact that LCM provided added information that was not conveyed in the ML model with interaction. Thus, Preference heterogeneity within respondents in this study may be better explained by class level through LCM rather than indiviual level through ML model.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.547-569
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to estimate the benefits associated with the opportunities of multiple destination trips using a mixed logit model. The opportunities that affect the destination choice can be one of the external environments of recreational sites. The data for this study were taken from a survey conducted to the multiple destination trip participants at Seorak National Park in Korea. The results of the research show the specific values of complementary opportunities in the study area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2013

This study investigates to explain preference heterogeneity of respondents for economic valuation in washland of Upo wetland using Mixed Logit Model and Latent Class Model. Mixed Logit Model showed respondent heterogeneity in the attributes of wetland area and funds as well as some alternatives violated IIA assumption. 2-class Latent Class Model for respondents were used to explain the sources of the heterogeneity. Class 1 respondents who are located relatively close to Upo wetland had more experience and knowledge of Upo wetland and better understood the information suggested in the questionnaire than class 2 respondents in mostly metropolitan area of Seoul, Incheon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.768-777
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• 2006

The purpose of this study lies in formulating the landscape preference model using a conditional logit that involves the effect of visual elements as well as landscape itself on landscape preferences. To measure landscape preferences, a photo-questionnaire composed of paired photographs of the Cairngorms National Park of Scotland and the Jirisan National Park of Korea was distributed to visitors to the Jirisan National Park of Korea. Visual elements of landscape quantitatively measured by photogrammetry were reduced to orthogonal principal components that were subsequently used as explanatory variables in a conditional logit. As a result, the mixed conditional logit including the effect of landscape itself satisfied the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA) property and showed reliable goodness of fit (${\rho}^2=0.25$). It was concluded that the mixed conditional logit including the effect of landscape itself was appropriate for landscape preference model rather than usual conditional logit excluding the effect.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.867-891
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is estimating the recreation benefits of the largest 10 dam reservoirs in Korea. A mixed logit or random parameters log it model is constructed and estimated. Not only the recreation value of each dam lake but also the values of the main characteristics of the lakes such as the amount of water reserved, and the availability of boating and fishing are estimated. It is shown that recreation value is not less than other benefit such as irrigation, industrial, municipal use, hydro power, or even flood control benefit.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.49-77
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• 2021

This study uses a choice experiment approach to examine whether different types of feedstocks as well as other attributes such as the cost of bioethanol, bioethanol blending ratio, and government support policies affect consumers' biofuel preferences. We apply a standard conditional logit model, a mixed logit model (MLM), and individual coefficient estimation model (ICM) to estimate the parameters of the investigated attributes. The results show that people prefer domestic and non-food feedstock, along with tax exemption as a support policy. All the attributes show unobservable preference heterogeneity in the MLM and ICM. In particular, willingness to pay for attributes are higher in the genetically modified (GM) feedstock-unknown group than in the known one. We show the importance of using domestic and non-food feedstocks and managing GM feedstocks carefully to avoid consumer resistance when producing bioethanol in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.288-298
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• 2017

The system of high-speed and conventional railway vehicles is diversified, and significant technological development in performance has been achieved. This study analyzed the modal change characteristics; furthermore, it estimated the value of travel time by improving the travel time and cost for the passenger's perception of railway. In this study, we formulate a mode choice model for passengers and compare it with the mixed logit model which reflects individual taste variation. In addition, the validity of the analysis is presented through an estimation the value of travel time using the derived model. For this purpose, a stated preference survey was conducted with 510 people using public transportation. The benefits of time-saving can be accurately determined by estimating the value of time spent on the railway. Appropriate fares for public transportation can also be estimated.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.695-723
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• 2018

Recently, extreme weather due to climate change has become more frequent, and increase of fine dust has worsen air quality in Korea. Therefore, not only negative perception on coal-fired power generation is dominant, but also the social acceptance of nuclear power generation declines. This study aims at deriving consumer preferences on the mid and long term power mix with various energy sources. Willingness to pay for each generation source was estimated and the preference heterogeneity of consumers was examined by using mixed logit and latent class models. Mixed logit estimation results show that the preference heterogeneity of consumers is especially large for the nuclear power relative to renewable or coal energy. According to the estimation results from the latent class model, group 1 prefers renewable energy while group 2 prefers coal energy. Group 3 shows lexicographic preference which means restricted rationality. As for the policy implication, it is necessary to understand the preference heterogeneity of consumer groups in planning the mid to long term power mix.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.49-72
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• 2015

Forests in the upstream contributed to improve the quality of water resources for the residents downstream. However, upon structural examination of how the Han River Watershed Management Fund was spent, it became apparent that the fund was not spent toward forest management in the upstream. An additional budget must be allocated if the Watershed Management Committee is to contribute to the management of the upstream forests with such awareness. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the willingness to pay and to calculate of budget for forest management in the upstream for water quality improvement. Three hundred surveys on watershed beneficiaries were conducted using biased sampling method. The result was analyzed with conditional logit model and mixed logit model. Forest management, a target variable, was found to have statistical significance. Based on this result, the size of the expected budget was estimated to be minimum 20,526 million won to maximum 20,928 million won.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2002

This paper suggests a generalized logit model with mixed effects for analysing frequency data in multi-contingency table. In this model nominal response variable is assumed to be polychotomous. When some factors are fixed but considered as ordinal and others are random, this paper shows how to use baseline-category logits to incoporate the mixed-effects of those factors into the model. A numerical algorithm was used to estimate model parameters by using marginal log-likelihood.