• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

In this research, two careers connectable with the contents of the curriculum of fifth to sixth grade elementary school students were selected among other promising future careers in biotechnology and medical engineering fields. 'Design-based promising future career STEAM program' was developed and its validity and effectiveness were verified. Reflecting recent issues, and complying with the STEAM standard (frame) instructional materials were developed through group deliberations for nine months, based on the achievement standards through an analysis of subject curriculum revised in 2009. This was prepared so that students are able to experience biotechnology and medical engineering related careers in a simulational form emphasized with creative design to make them prefer natural sciences and engineering careers and draw their interests and recognition of the relevant careers under the two disciplines. As a result of such application to STEAM Leader School students at the verification stage of the program, the contents and level of the program were verified suitable, receiving favorable reviews. And as a result of applying the developed program on other elementary school students, it was discovered that significant improvements were found in their career consciousness. Through this research, it was suggested that there is a need for a simplification of the curriculum content standards, a provision of 'standard for integration,' development of teachers' ability in reconstituting or organizing the STEAM and proceeding classes, continuous long-term support to see the effects of a policy or a program, and a reinforcement of career education integrated in the curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

The oxidative stability of lipids from eel (Anguilla japonica) fed diets containing different concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was studied. Eels, 3 weeks of age, with an average weight of 160 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (5 fishes/group) by body weight, and assigned to one of the five CLA-supplemented diets at the following concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and $5.0\%$ CLA. After 8 weeks of feeding, eels were sacrificed and the total lipid contents were extracted. The lipids from each treatment groups were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks. Changes in the fatty acid profile, lipid class, weight gained, peroxide value (POV) and carbonyl value (COV) of the lipid from each treatment groups were analyzed weekly. The composition of CLA in the lipids of eels fed with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and $5.0\%$ CLA-supplemented diets were 0.5, 1.7, 3.3, and $6.2\%$, respectively After 4 weeks of storage, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the lipid of eels fed diets containing 1.0 and $2.5\%$ CLA were 15.3 and $14.8\%$, respectively. Whereas, lipid extracted from eels fed with 0.5 and $5.0\%$ CLA-supplemented diets contain 11.8 and $7.4\%$ PUFAs, respectively. Lipid from the control sample contained $9.0\%$ PUFAs. POV and COV were found to be the lowest in the lipids samples from 1.0 and $2.5\%$ CLA diets. These results indicate that lipids from diets containing 1.0 or $2.5\%$ CLA were more stable against oxidative rancidity relative to other concentrations, suggesting that these are the appropriate CLA concentrations for the production of stable eel lipids.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2004

The pedestrian space on the roads shows virtually different images, depending on the local uniqueness that exists in the roadsides, to the one walking. This sort of characteristics of the region originated from the physical special structures of the roadside building the form of the place. Thus, because of the structural difference of the roadside, Pedestrian sense the difference of regions through other images. Research focused on issues of the local roadside sidewalk spaces as what roadside structure is the type that brings out the unique images of the region, and what facets are pursued additionally here, is needed. A roadside of a prosperous region filled with many Pedestrians is selected as the range for the experiment in order to analyze the structure and image of the pedestrian space. Among the roads of the selected region, the structure of the pedestrian space on the roads with more than four lanes was evaluated. As result of the analysis, the images of 10 pedestrian space could be classified into two groups by the difference in proportions of the Df/H(the width of the sidewalk and the height of the roadside building) and the D/H(the width of the road and the height of the roadside building). In order to observe the images of the pedestrian space classified into two groups, the adjectives used to describe the image of scenery were researched, enabling one to induce the images of the two groups form them. One of the images is the image of prosperities, and the other is the image of pleasantness. In addition, as result to the evaluation focused on the characteristic of the roadside buildings in the selected area, it could be divided into two groups, i.e., the commercial region and the business region. The image of prosperities was sensed on the sidewalks of the commercial region, while the image of pleasantness was seen on that of the business region. This study enabled the acknowledgment that in a pedestrian space on a road structure with more than four lanes, the Pedestrian sense different images, depending on the proportional difference in the width of the sidewalk & the height of the roadside building, and the width of the road & the height of the roadside building. This result is expected to be a good reference when a road structure reflecting the uniqueness of its region is to be designed, and especially when the structure of a pedestrian space is to be created.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.237-257
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• 2014

This study is the process of performing the interdisciplinary fusion study between multiple fields by identifying the status on the previous artistic education considering the brain scientific mechanism of image creativity and brain-based learning principles. In recent years, producing the educational methods of each field as the fusion study activities are emerging as the trend and thanks to such, the results of brain-based educational fusion studies are being presented for each field. It includes artistic fields such as music, art and dance. In other words, the perspective is that by understanding the operating principles of the brain while creativity and learning is taking place, when applying various principles that can develop the corresponding functions as a teaching method, it can effectively increase the artistic performance ability and creativity. Since the animation drawing should be able to intuitively recognize the elements of movement and produce the communication with the target beyond the delineative perspective of simply drawing the objects to look the same, it requires the development of systematic educational method including the methods of communication, elements of higher cognitive senses as well as the cognitive perspective of form implementation. Therefore, this study proposes a literature study results on the artistic education applied with brain-based principles in order to design the educational model considering the professional characteristics of animation drawing. Therefore, the overseas and domestic trends of the cases of brain-based artistic education were extracted and analyzed. In addition, the cases of artistic education studies applied with brain-based principles and study results from cases of drawing related education were analyzed. According to the analyzed results, the brain-based learning related to the drawing has shown a common effect of promoting the creativity and changes of positive emotion related to the observation, concentration and image expression through the training of the right brain. In addition, there was a case of overseas educational application through the brain wave training where the timing ability and artistic expression have shown an enhancement effect through the HRV training, SMR, Beta 1 and neuro feedback training that strengthens the alpha/seta wave and it was proposing that slow brain wave neuro feedback training contributes significantly in overcoming the stress and enhancing the creative artistic performance ability. The meaning of this study result is significant in the fact that it was the case that have shown the successful application of neuro feedback training in the environment of artistic live education beyond the range of laboratory but the use of the machine was shown to have limitations for being applied to the teaching methods so its significance can be found in providing the analytical foundation for applying and designing the brain-based learning principles for future animation drawing teaching methods.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.211-220
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• 2004

The Chaos theory of complexity and Fractal theory which became a prominent figure as a new paradigm of natural science should be understood not as whole, and not into separate elements of nature. Fractal Dimensions are used to measure the complexity of objects. We now have ways of measuring things that were traditionally meaningless or impossible to measure. They are capable of describing many irregularly shaped objects including man and nature. It is compatible method of application to express complexity of nature in the dimension of non-fixed number by placing our point of view to lean toward non-linear, diverse, endless time, and complexity when we look at our world. Fractal Dimension allows us to measure the complexity of an object. Having a wide application of fractal geometry and Chaos theory to the art field is the territory of imagination where art and science encounter each other and yet there has not been much research in this area. The formative word has been extracted in this study by analyzing objective data to grasp formative principle and geometric characteristic of (this)distinct figures of Fractals. With this form of research, it is not so much about fractal in mathematics, but the concept of self-similarity and recursiveness, randomness, devices expressed from unspeakable space, and the formative similarity to graphic design are focused in this study. The fractal figures have characteristics in which the structure doesn't change the nature of things of the figure even in the process if repeated infinitely many times, the limit of the process produces is fractal. Almost all fractals are at least partially self-similar. This means that a part of the fractal is identical to the entire fractal itself even if there is an enlargement to infinitesimal. This means any part has all the information to recompose as whole. Based on this scene, the research is intended to examine possibility of analysis of fractals in geometric characteristics in plasticity toward forms in graphic design. As a result, a beautiful proportion appears in graphic design with calculation of mathematic. It should be an appropriate equation to express nature since the fractal dimension allows us to measure the complexity of an object and the Fractla geometry should pick out high addition in value of peculiarity and characteristics in the complex of art and science. At the stage where the necessity of accepting this demand and adapting ourselves to the change is gathering strength is very significant in this research.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.1 s.270
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• pp.8-16
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• 2007

Background: We performed a prospective clinical study to evaluate the ultrastructural integrity of the myocardium after using Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate (HTK) solution in comparison with blood cardioplegic solution during congenital heart surgery. Material and Method: Twenty two patients with acyanotic heart disease, who were scheduled for elective open heart surgery, were randomized into two groups. The HTK Group (n=11) received HTK cardioplegic solution; the blood group (n=11) received conventional blood cardioplegic solution during surgery. The preoperative diagnoses included ventricular septal defect (n=9) and atrial septal defect (n=2) in each group. A small biopsy specimen was taken from the right ventricle's myocardium, and this was processed for ultrastructural examination at the end of 30 minutes of reperfusion. Semiquantitative electron microscopy was carried out 'blindly' in 4 areas per specimen and in 5 test fields per area by 'random systematic sampling' and 'point and intersection counting'. The morphology of the mitochondrial membrane and cristae were then scored. The interstitial edema of the myocardium was also graded. Result: The semiquantitative score of the mitochondrial morphology was $19.65{\pm}4.75$ in the blood group and $25.25{\pm}5.85$ in the HTK group (p=0.03). 6 patients (54.5%) in the blood group and 3 patients (27.3%) in the HTK group were grade 3 or more for the interstitial edema of the myocardium. Conclusion: The ultrastructural integrity was preserved even better with HTK solution than with conventional blood cardioplegic solution.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2012

A key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the ${\beta}$-amyloid peptide ($A{\beta}$) generated by ${\beta}$-secretase activity, an aspartic protease. This study was designed to evaluate inhibitory effect of the high-molecular weight water-soluble polysaccharides (Et-P) isolated and purified from Phellinus linteus fruiting body on ${\beta}$-secretase activity. The Et-P was purified from the hot water extract of Phellinus linteus fruiting body mainly by 75% ethanol precipitation and DEAE-Cellulose column chromatography. From the DEAE-Cellulose chromato-gram and molecular weight analysis, the Et-P was shown to be a mixture of three polysaccharides with molecular mass of 1,629, 1,294, and 21 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of Et-P was determined to be glu-cose, galactose, and mannose as major sugars, glucose being the most prominent one (48% in mole percentage). The elemental analysis and FT-IR analysis suggested that Et-P is typical polysaccharides having at least partially ${\beta}$-linkages and possible existing as complex with phenolic compounds. The laminarinase digestion and HPAEC-PAD analysis suggested that Et-P is a variant of beta-(1,3)-glucans. The Et-P showed DPPH radical scavenging activity and, especially, a significant inhibitory activity on ${\beta}$-secreatase activity (48% inhibitin at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$), suggesting that they may inhibit the formation of $A{\beta}$ which is the major causative of Alzheimer's disease. The results of this study suggest that the water soluble polysaccharides of Phellinus linteus fruiting body can be a potent material for the development of preventive or therapeutic agents for AD.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2007

Purpose : Glycogen storage disease type III (GSD-III) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism. The affected enzyme, amylo-1,6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (AGL, glycogen debranching enzyme), is responsible for the debranching of the glycogen molecule during catabolism. The disease shows clinical and biochemical heterogeneity, reflecting genotype-phenotype heterogeneity among different patients. In this study, we aim at analyzing mutations of the AGL gene in three unrelated Korean GSD-III patients, and characterizing their clinical and laboratory findings. Methods : We characterized the clinical features of three unrelated Korean GSD-III patients by biochemical, histological and imaging studies. The 35 exons and part of exon-intron boundaries of AGL were analyzed by direct sequencing using genomic DNA extracted from the peripheral leukocytes of patients. Results : Diverse clinical features were observed in these patients including hepatomegaly (all patients), seizures (patient 2), grow th failure (patients 1 and 2), hyperlipidemia (patients 1 and 3), raised transaminase and creatine kinase concentrations (all patients), and mild cardiomyopathy (patient 2). Liver transplantation w as performed in patient 2 due to progressive hepatic fibrosis. A dministration of uncooked corn starch maintained normoglycemia and improved biochemical and growth profiles. DNA sequence analysis revealed mutations in 5 out of 6 alleles. Patient 1 was a compound heterozygote of c.1282 G>A (p.R428K) and c.1306delA (p.S603PfsX6), patient 2 had c.1510_1511insT (p.Y 504L fsX 10), and patient 3 had c.3416 T >C (p.L 1139P) and c.1735+1 G>T (p.Y 538_R578delfsX 4) mutations. A part from the p.R428K mutation, the 4 other substitutions identified w ere nov el. Conclusion : GSD-III patients display variable phenotypic characteristics resembling those of GSD-Ia. Molecular defects in the AGL gene of Korean GSD-III patients are genetically heterogeneous.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 2017

Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which is combining with Plackett-Burman design and Box-Behnken experimental design, was applied to optimize the ratios of the nutrient components for carotenoid production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides PS-24 in liquid state fermentation. Nine nutrient ingredients containing yeast extract, sodium acetate, NaCl, $K_2HPO_4$, $MgSO_4$, mono-sodium glutamate, $Na_2CO_3$, $NH_4Cl$ and $CaCl_2$ were finally selected for optimizing the medium composition based on their statistical significance and positive effects on carotenoid yield. Box-Behnken design was employed for further optimization of the selected nutrient components in order to increase carotenoid production. Based on the Box-Behnken assay data, the secondary order coefficient model was set up to investigate the relationship between the carotenoid productivity and nutrient ingredients. The important factors having influence on optimal medium constituents for carotenoid production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides PS-24 were determined as follows: yeast extract 1.23 g, sodium acetate 1 g, $NH_4Cl$ 1.75 g, NaCl 2.5 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 2 g, $MgSO_4$ 1.0 g, mono-sodium glutamate 7.5 g, $Na_2CO_3$ 3.71 g, $NH_4Cl$ 3.5g, $CaCl_2$ 0.01 g, per liter. Maximum carotenoid yield of 18.11 mg/L was measured by confirmatory experiment in liquid culture using 500 L fermenter.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2018

The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is amending its test methods for the use of health functional foods (dietary food supplement), in order to establish regulatory standards and specifications in Korea. In this regard, we continue to pursue and perform our research on the analytical method development for the items being researched and reviewed. In this study, we have developed a sensitive and selective test method that could simultaneously separate and determinate six major bioactive flavonolignans in silymarin, which are based on the use of a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The standard calibration curves presented a linearity effect with the correlation coefficient ($r^2$) > 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the range of $0.3{\sim}9.0{\mu}g/L$ and $0.8{\sim}27.3{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The recovery results ranged between 96.2~98.6% at 3 different concentration levels, and its relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 5% as noted in this study. The proposed analytical method was characterized with a noted high resolution of the individual silymarin constituents, and the assay was fully validated as well. Our research can provide a significant scientific evidence that can be useful to amend the silymarin test method for the Health Functional Food Code.