• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.827-833
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• 2000

Facial expression is an effective tool to express human emotion. In this paper, a facial expression analysis method based on the base faces and their blending ratio is proposed. The seven base faces were chosen as axes describing and analyzing arbitrary facial expression. We set up seven facial expressions such as, surprise, fear, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, and expressionless as base faces. Facial expression was built by fitting generic 3D facial model to facial image. Two comparable methods, Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing were used to search the blending ratio of base faces. The usefulness of the proposed method for facial expression analysis was proved by the facial expression synthesis results.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.238-244
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• 2022

감정 분석은 텍스트에 표현된 인간의 감정을 인식하여 다양한 감정 유형으로 분류하는 것이다. 섬세한 인간의 감정을 보다 정확히 분류하기 위해서는 감정 유형의 분류가 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 사전 학습 언어 모델을 활용하여 우리말샘의 감정 어휘와 용례를 바탕으로 기쁨, 슬픔, 공포, 분노, 혐오, 놀람, 흥미, 지루함, 통증의 감정 유형으로 분류된 감정 말뭉치를 구축하였다. 감정 말뭉치를 구축한 후 성능 평가를 위해 대표적인 트랜스포머 기반 사전 학습 모델 중 RoBERTa, MultiDistilBert, MultiBert, KcBert, KcELECTRA. KoELECTRA를 활용하여 보다 넓은 범위에서 객관적으로 모델 간의 성능을 평가하고 각 감정 유형별 정확도를 바탕으로 감정 유형의 특성을 알아보았다. 그 결과 각 모델의 학습 구조가 다중 분류 말뭉치에 어떤 영향을 주는지 구체적으로 파악할 수 있었으며, ELECTRA가 상대적으로 우수한 성능을 보여주고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 감정 유형별 성능을 비교를 통해 다양한 감정 유형 중 기쁨, 슬픔, 공포에 대한 성능이 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.397-402
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• 2022

익명 네트워크 기술에 기반한 다크웹은 일반 표면웹보다 더 강화된 익명성을 제공한다. 최근 이 익명성을 악용하여 다수의 다크웹 사용자들이 다크웹 내에서 범죄 행위를 모의하는 행위가 꾸준히 발생하고 있다. 특히, 국내 다크웹 사용자들은 마약 유포를 위한 방법을 공유하거나 성착취물 유포 행위 등에 직간접적으로 가담하고 있다. 이와 같은 범죄 행위들은 수사 기관의 눈을 피해 현재까지도 계속해서 발생하고 있어 국내 다크웹 범죄 동향 파악의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 그러나 다크웹 특성상 범죄 행위를 논의하는 게시글을 수집하기가 어렵고, 다크웹 내에서의 언어 사용 특성에 대한 이해 부족으로 그동안 다크웹 사용자들이 어떤 내용의 범죄를 모의하는지 파악하기가 어려웠다. 본 논문에서는 국내 사용자들이 활동하는 다크웹 포럼들을 중심으로 사용자들의 언어 사용 특성을 연구하고, 이를 통해 다크웹에서 다뤄지는 범죄 유형들을 분석한다. 이를 위해, 자연어처리 기반의 분석 방법론을 적용하여 다크웹에서 공유되는 게시글을 수집하고 다크웹 사용자들의 은어와 특정 범죄군에서 선호되는 언어 특성을 파악한다. 특히 현재 다크웹 내에서 사용자들 사이에 관측되는 어휘들에 대한 기술통계 분석과 유의어 관계 분석을 수행하였고, 실제 다크웹 내에서 사용자들이 어떠한 범죄에 관심이 많은지를 분석하였으며, 더 나아가 수사의 효율성을 증대시키기 위한 소셜미디어, URL 인용 빈도에 대한 연구를 진행하였다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.85-104
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• 2019

Past research showed that presence of others induces morally desirable behavior and stricter judgments. That is, presence of others makes people become a moral being. On the other hand, little research has been conducted to test what effects facial expression of others have on moral judgments. In this research, we tested the effects of emotion exposed by facial expression on moral judgments. To this end, we presented descriptions of immoral or prosocial behavior along with facial expression of various emotions (in particular, disgust and happiness), and asked participants to make moral judgments on the behavior in the descriptions. In Experiment 1, facial expression did not affect moral judgments, but variability of judgments was increased when descriptions and facial expression were incongruent. In experiment 2, we modified potential reasons of the null effect and conducted the experiment using the same procedure. Subjects in Experiment 2 made stricter judgments with disgust faces than with happy faces for immoral behavior, but the effect did not occur for prosocial behavior. In Experiment 3, we repeated the same experiment after having subjects to consider themselves as the actor in the descriptions. The results replicated the effects of facial expression in Experiment 2 but there was no effect of the actor on moral judgments. This research showed that facial expression of others specifically affects moral judgments on immoral behavior but not on prosocial behavior. In general discussion, we provided further discussion on the results and the limitations of this research.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

In recent years, some of the brands of cosmetics in Korea have launched the BB Cream only for man. Cosmetics is not only necessary for woman and it has been accepted by the male. A programme hosted by 김기수 is aimed to teach the female how to make up. As a result, the comprehension of the gender and the development of the times have been combined closely. The understanding of gender has been developed from binary opposition to the diversity of gender. The movements that were aimed at advocating feminism caused by some events reminded us of that we should pay attention to the equalization of the gender. We can see that people want to liberate themselves from the sexual stereotype through these social phenomenons. Meanwhile, animation advertising has also experienced a transformation, which is from that to shape a role under sexual stereotype to that to pay more attention to the diversity of gender during the progress of shaping a role. During the initial stage of the animation advertising's prosperity, what it described was based on the male. The male was the permanent theme. On the contrary, the female only played a subordinate role. However, with the development of feminism, to realize self-worth of the female and to fight for the gender equality have been mentioned more and more frequently. All these factors have prompted the animation advertising to break the stereotype when shaping a new role and change the sexual stereotype in order to create new animation figures.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2019

This study is intended to present the direction of art mask design development and help people's life care by producing an art mask with the motif of the characteristic of abjection concept. It went through the definition and characteristics of abject and abjection focusing on previous research, professional books and art works. The characteristics of abjection based on theoretical research are to express death with dead bodies and skulls, including the dismantling of ideal beauty standards, the expression of fragmented bodies, and the expression of sick and alienated bodies. This researcher produced 6 research works by combining the fascinating abjection, induced by ugly and disgusting abject, to design factors. These works fragmented each part of the facial form by the cutting and dismantling, and made viewers feel the abjection by giving a grotesque deformation. The results obtained through the research works are as follows. First, It was found that the abjection characteristics-applied works was helpful in the treatment of the mental wound of modern people. Second, the production of works based on the abjection characteristics paved the way to expand the scope of art mask design concepts and establish the new design ideas. Third, the application of the motif using the abjection characteristics to the art mask design showed that the use of various objects could express creative designs and secure diversity in using materials. In the future, this researcher hopes that such research will be used as the basic data of the follow-up study on art mask design, and it will help develop art mask designs.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.503-516
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• 2012

According to the researches of robot and software agent until now, computational emotion model is dependent on system, so it is hard task that emotion models is separated from existing systems and then recycled into new systems. Therefore, I introduce the Engine of computational Emotion model (shall hereafter appear as EE) to integrate with any robots or agents. This is the engine, ie a software for independent form from inputs and outputs, so the EE is Emotion Generation to control only generation and processing of emotions without both phases of Inputs(Perception) and Outputs(Expression). The EE can be interfaced with any inputs and outputs, and produce emotions from not only emotion itself but also personality and emotions of person. In addition, the EE can be existed in any robot or agent by a kind of software library, or be used as a separate system to communicate. In EE, emotions is the Primary Emotions, ie Joy, Surprise, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, and Anger. It is vector that consist of string and coefficient about emotion, and EE receives this vectors from input interface and then sends its to output interface. In EE, each emotions are connected to lists of emotional experiences, and the lists consisted of string and coefficient of each emotional experiences are used to generate and process emotional states. The emotional experiences are consisted of emotion vocabulary understanding various emotional experiences of human. This study EE is available to use to make interaction products to response the appropriate reaction of human emotions. The significance of the study is on development of a system to induce that person feel that product has your sympathy. Therefore, the EE can help give an efficient service of emotional sympathy to products of HRI, HCI area.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.77-101
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• 2018

Even in our modern era, the projection of monsters in the recent literature contains the critical imagination of human existence for the posthuman age. The meaning of the monster-abject, especially as from the perspective of feministic criticism, contains criticism of the violent and oppressive patriarch as observed in the modern times. This article focuses on the gendered imagination of the discussions of the "abject" discussed by Julia Kristeva, and the "monstrous femine" discussed by Barbara Creed. Kim Eon-Hee's poems and Han Kang's novels, which have been examined extensively for analysis, show that the practical strategy of abject that goes beyond hate and sublime, wonder and joy through the imagination and concepts of monsters. The monster-abject strategy of Kim Eon-Hee's poem can be summarized by the narrative method of mirroring and the imagination of the truncated body. Mirroring falsification, which mimics the male speaker, is a method that some feminists strategically utilize in relation to the problem of female aversion in recent years as noted in the literature. In Kim Eon-Hee's poem, "becoming a man" and "imitating a man," through the method of mirroring appear as an image of cutting to dismantle the body. In that way, the narrative strategy of the abject that draws out abominations and bizarre effects which contains a strong critique of the patriarchal dominant ideology. The monster-abject strategy of Han-Kang's novel is embodied through the being of plants and the process of vegetarian-anorexia process. The world of the adject which was oppressed in the Han-Kang's novel, returns to the senses of the body through the symbol of the body. It is noted that the fictional characters who realize the repressed desire through the pathological symptom expressed by the female, go on to body perform active transformation. The sense of a body in a novel is not only a rejection of the world of animalman-civilization, but also a radically questioning of the noted and recognized boundaries between human beings and non-human being entities. The two writer's works show that the imagination of the monster-adject is not limited to rejecting the existing gender categories, but also goes in the direction of exploring the possibilities of various associated gender actions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.371-376
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• 2006

서로 갈등적인 관계에 있는 다중 기준 하에서 다양한 국가 전력 시스템을 정량적으로 비교하는 데에는 전력 시스템의 비교 지표가 필요하다. 이러한 비교 지표를 산출하기 위하여 해석적 망형 과정(Analytic Network Process; ANP) 모델 가운데 상호 의존도 수중이 낮은 되먹임 모델 및 상호 의존도가 없는 독립성 모델이 개발되었다. 이러한 ANP 모델은 구성요소로 교점들(nodes)과 상호작용 관계를 표현하는 가지들(arcs)을 포함하고 있다. 의사결정 목표 교점에는 세 가지 유형의 리스크 성향이 포함되었다. 이러한 리스크 성향은 원자력 발전소 같은 위험 설비에 대한 전문가(그룹)의 리스크 성향이며, 더 구체적으로 말하면, 리스크 감수 성향, 리스크 혐오 성향, 리스크 중립 성향 등이다. 여기서 수행된 연구의 주요 목적은 ANP 모델을 구성하는 교점들 가운데 하나인 평가 기준 교점에서의 변화가 전력 시스템의 비교 지표에 미치는 영향을 해석하려는 것이다. 이러한 모델 변이가 비교 지표에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 사례 연구에서 각 발전원의 특성을 비교할 평가 기준은 기준 사례와 비교 사례 각각에 대하여 상이하게 선정되었다: 기준 사례의 경우에는 보건성을 대표하는 생명 단축 [yr/TWh], 환경성을 대표하는 지구 온난화 [$g\;CO_{2}-eq./kWh$], 사회성을 대표하는 지속가능 정도[-], 경제성을 대표하는 발전 단가 [\/kWh] 등이 선정되었다; 반면에, 비교 사례의 경우에서는 보건성을 대표하는 사고 사망 [death/GWh]만이 다르고 나머지는 동일하게 선정되었다. 이러한 보건성을 대표하는 생명 단축 또는 사고 사망의 선정은 다음과 같은 비교 지표에 영향을 미친다는 것이 발견되었다: (1) 되먹임 모델에서는 성향 가중치 및 기준 등급에 영향을 준다. (2) 되먹임 모델과 독립성 모델에서는 시스템 등급에 영향을 준다. 향후에는 더욱 더 다양한 상호의존 모델들이 정량화될 필요성이 있다고 본다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1537-1542
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• 2017

Emotion plays a key role in both generating and understanding narrative. In this article we analyzed the emotions represented in a movie script based on 8 emotion types from the wheel of emotions by Plutchik. First we conducted manual emotion tagging scene by scene. The most dominant emotions by manual tagging were anger, fear, and surprise. It makes sense when the film script we analyzed is a thriller-genre. We assumed that the emotions around the climax of the story would be heightened as the tension grew up. From manual tagging we could identify three such duration when the tension is high. Next we analyzed the emotions in the same script using Python-based NLTK VADERSentiment tool. The result showed that the emotions of anger and fear were most matched. The emotion of surprise, anticipation, and disgust, however, scored lower matching.