• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.767-775
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• 2008

Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) plays a major role in thermogenesis at brown adipose tissues and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of A-3826G polymorphism in 117 Korean prepubertal children aged 8-11 years olds. Anthropometry by bioelectrical impedance analysis method, plasma lipid profiles by auto-biochemical analyzer and UCP-1 genotyping by PCR-RFLP were done. The frequencies of UCP-1 genotypes were AA; 17.7%, AG; 57.8%, GG; 26.6%. The frequencies of each G allele (55.5%) was similar to Japanese's (49%) and higher than Caucacian's (25%). No correlation UCP-1 polymorphism and BMI (kg/$m^2$) or the degree of obesity described by the relative percentiles of the standard weight according to height in prepubertal children. However, plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in G allele when sex, age and weight were adjusted. Our results suggested that G allele of UCP-1 gene was stronger risk factors in hyperLDLcholesterolemia than A allele. This impact might be progressed as the precaution against the revalence of obesity based-metabolic disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.1249-1255
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• 2015

We examined the effects of selenium-binding peptide from sericin hydrolysates on the bioavailability of selenium-deficient rats. Three-week-old male rats were fed a selenium-deficient diet for 4 weeks while the normal control group was fed a normal diet. The selenium-deficient rats were divided into three groups: no treatment, organic selenium (OS), and inorganic selenium (IS). After selenium supplementation for 4 weeks, the level of serum glutathione reduced form in rats treated with organic selenium was significantly higher than that of inorganic selenium. Selenium retention rate also increased significantly in the organic selenium group compared to the inorganic selenium group [selenium deficient diet (DD)+OS 50.25% vs. DD+IS 17.04%, P<0.05]. In conclusion, binding of selenium to peptides from sericin hydrolysates seems to improve its bioavailability, and can hasten a cure for selenium deficiency in experimental rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of human milk fortifier (HMF) on growth and nutritional status in growing rats fed infant formula supplemented with HMF. Three week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed regular formula (RF), premature formula (PF) and regular formula fortified with HMF (RF+HMF) diets for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in weight gain among groups. However, a significant increase of food intake was observed in PF and RF+HMF groups compared with RF group. With increasing food intake, the intakes of carbohydrate and protein were significantly increased in PF and RF+HMF groups. The weight of perirenal fat was significantly increased in rats fed RF+HMF; however, the weights of liver, kidney and spleen were not significantly different among groups. Although total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol concentrations of serum were not significantly different among groups, triglyceride was significantly increased in PF group. The triglyceride and total-cholesterol of liver were significantly increased in rats fed regular formula fortified with HMF and PF compared with RF group. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum showed no significant difference among groups. The concentration of growth hormone was significantly increased in PF group compared with other groups. The concentration of hemoglobin was significantly increased in rats fed PF and RF+HMF. These results suggest that the supplementation of human milk fortifier in growing rats may promote growth as increasing food intake and lipid contents in tissues and prevent the anemia of infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1536-1544
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• 2005

We have investigated physiological effects of soy ice cream with oligosaccharide on oxidative stress and fecal microflora in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Parched soybean powder (7.6$\%$, w/w) substituted skimmed milk and cream, soybean oil (7.6$\%$, w/w) for milk oil, and fructooligosaccharide (9.5$\%$, w/w) for sucrose. Five types of ice cream were prepared: regular, oligosaccharide-supplemented regular, soy, oligosaccharide - supplemented soy, and oligosaccharide - supplemented black soybean ice cream . Freeze - dried ice cream was supplemented to AIN93-based diets at 30$\%$ (w/w) containing 6.5$\%$ soy and 4.5$\%$ fructooligosaccharide. Diabetes was induced by intramuscular administration of streptozotocin, and experimental diets were given for 4 weeks. Plasma concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly increased in the diabetic rats compared with the normal rats, then was significantly decreased with feeding soy ice cream containing diet compared with regular ice cream containing diet among the diabetic groups. The levels of TBARS in liver were decreased in the rats that were fed either soy or oligosaccharide ice cream compared with the rats that were fed regular ice cream. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in the rats fed soy ice cream compared with the rats fed regular ice cream. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly increased in the rats fed black soybean ice cream. Fecal concentrations of Lactobacilli were significantly higher in the rats fed soy ice cream and oligosaccharide- supplemented soy ice cream than that of the rats fed regular ice cream. Fecal concentrations of Bifidobacteria were significantly higher in the rats fed oligosaccharide- supplemented soy ice cream than that of the rats fed regular ice cream. In conclusion, oligosaccharide- supplemented soy ice cream suppressed lipid peroxidation and improved the got microbiota in diabetic rats compared with milk-based regular ice cream.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.479-484
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• 2003

This study was attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of extract of fermented red pepper The extract of fermented red pepper was prepared from fermented red pepper puree and polydextrose. Sixteen female college students were participated in this 8 weeks weight control program. All subjects were randomly assigned to the Internet Diet (ID) group or Internet I, fermented red pepper (IR) group. Mean energy intake of ID group was 1,279.9$\pm$112.0 kcal (carbohydrate: 66.9%, protein: 17.4%, fat: 15.6%) and IR group consumed 1,223.8$\pm$57.1 kcal (carbohydrate: 66.3%, protein: 19.3%, fat: 14.4%) during program. The ID group lost 2.5$\pm$1.0 kg of body weight, 0,9$\pm$0,7 kg of fat mass and 1.6$\pm$0.7 kg of lean body mass, and the IR group lost 2.7$\pm$0.3 kg of body weight, 1.8$\pm$0.6 kg of fat mass and 0.9$\pm$0.7 kg of lean body mass. There was no significant differences in the loss of total body weight & lean body mass between two groups, however, the fat mass and the abdominal fat were significantly decreased in the IR group compared to the IC group (p<0.05) The ID group experienced a significantly reduced Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), however, IC group slightly increased. The change of RMR between groups were significantly different (p<0.05) . There were no differences in the change of blood glucose, total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride between groups. Therefore, the intake of fermented red pepper doting the weight control program might decreased the body fat especially abdominal fat and prevent the decline of RMR during weight reduction period.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2013

Perilla frutescens usually dieted in East Asian country such as Korea and Japan. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities of perilla leaves have been founded. In previous study, we confirmed that caffeic acid, major compound of perilla, was accumulation by sucrose aqueous solution and thus antioxidant effect of perilla was enhanced. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of functional perilla leaves extract (PLE) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP) induced-oxidative hepatotoxicity. The pretreatment with PLE (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) for 5 days before a single dose of t-BHP (i.p.; 0.5 mmol/kg) significantly lowered the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase dose-dependently. And we confirmed that the indicators of oxidative stress were remarkably reduced in the liver, such as the glutathione contents and malondialdehyde, marker of lipid peroxidation. Pathological histology of the rat livers tissues showed that PLE reduced the hepatocyte degeneration and neutrophilic infiltration of liver induced by t-BHP. These results suggest that functional perilla frutescens has the protective effect of liver against t-BHP-induced oxidative hepatic stress in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1177-1183
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• 2001

This study was done to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Cassia semen (Cassia tora L.) on the activities of hepatic oxygen free radicals metabolizing enzymes and blood lipid profile in rats of hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100~160 g were divides into 5 groups; control grouts (CON), Cassia semen ethanol extracts (200 mg/kg) treated group (CEL), ethanol (10 mL/kg, 35%) treated group (ETH), Cassia semen ethanol extracts (200 mg/kg) and ethanol treated group (CE1 ) and Cassia semen ethanol extracts (400 mg/kg ) and ethanol treated group (CE2), respectively. Compared with ETH, the growth rate of CE1 and CE2 were to be increased tendency, and in blood levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and the activities of alanine aminotranferase and asparate aminotranferase elevated by ethanol were significantly decreased (p<0.05). It was observed that the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, xanthine oxidase and glutathione peroxidase of rat liver increased by ethanol, were more decreased by the treatment of Cassia semen ethanol extract than the only ethanol-treated group. The content of glutathione depleted by ethanol treatment was increased in CE1 and CE2. TBA-reactants of liver increased by ethanol were decreased in CE1 and CE2, compared with ethanol-treated group. These results suggested that ethanol extract of Cassia semen may influence upon the ability of oxygen free radical detoxication and lowering of blood lipid level on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.605-614
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• 2009

Most cancer patients are treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation as anticancer therapies. Especially in the case of radiation, these treatments produce adverse effects such as vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, normal cell damage and malabsorption. The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation on the nutritional and immune status in irradiated rats. A secondary goal was to determine the effectiveness of high protein diet (HP) and resveratrol (Res) in minimizing the adverse effects of radiation. Rats were divided into four groups: normal diet (NP), HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups. Each group was further divided into subgroups that received radiation (RT group) and one that did not (non-RT group). Each diet was supplied from $12^{th}$ day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy. The diets were continued until 10th day after radiation treatment and animals were sacrificed. The radiation treatment showed decreased body weight, serum protein and HDL levels and increased TG and LDL levels in nutritional status. HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups reduced the level of serum LDL and TG in irradiated rats. NP + Res and HP + Res groups increased reduced albumin level of serum in RT group. In case of immune status, the radiation treat-ment showed decreased WBC, lymphocytes and increased neutrophil and eosinophil levels. The levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly increased by radiation, however the cytokine levels decreased in all dietary treatment groups. These results showed that high protein diet and resveratrol supplementation seem to minimize the adverse effects of radiation on lipid nutritional status and inflammation response in the rat model.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of 12-week weight control program including nutrition education, diet therapy and regular exercise on body weight, obesity degree, BMI and blood lipid levels among middle aged obese women. The 31 middle aged obese women participated in the weight control program for 12-week. The body weight, body composition, blood lipid levels and food habit were measured before and after the weight control program. Changes in body weight after 12 week weight control program showed the slight reduction from $67.4{\pm}10.8kg\;to\;65.1{\pm}9.2kg$. Obesity degree and BMI were decreased from $128.4{\pm}19.1%,\;27.8{\pm}3.9\;to\;123.4{\pm}15.7%,\;26.8{\pm}3.0$, respectively. Waist-hip ratio was also decreased from $0.98{\pm}10.16\;to\;0.94{\pm}0.04$. LBM was also slightly reduced from $39.9{\pm}5.6kg\;to\;37.0{\pm}8.5kg$ with the reduction of body fat. The levels of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride were slightly decreased, HDL-chol level was significantly increased from $43.1{\pm}14.1mg/dL\;to\;50.4{\pm}16.5mg/dL$. Waist-hip ratio was also slightly decreased after 12 weeks. Food habit score was significantly increased after nutriton education and personal counseling about their eating behaviors and nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.450-462
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• 2012

We analyzed data from the combined 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to compare the health factors related to menopausal stages in 45~60 year old Korean women. In this study, we classified the subjects into a premenopausal group (n = 439) and a postmenopausal group (n = 683). In the postmenopausal group, age was higher (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.01) and education levels (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. Body fat % and waist circumferences were also higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. The serum glucose (p < 0.05), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p < 0.001), GOT (p < 0.001), GPT (p < 0.001) in the postmenopausal group were higher than in the premenopausal group. The postmenopausal group showed a significantly lower quality of life compared to the premenopausal group (p < 0.01). With regard to dietary quality, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$ and niacin in the postmenopausal group were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride showed a significantly positive correlation with age, waist circumferences, body fat % and BMI. The 45~60 year old Korean women in this study showed high levels of obesity and serum lipids. Also, intakes of the vitamins and minerals of the women did not meet the level of Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Therefore, nutritional risk may be high in the women, especially in postmenopausal women. In order to prevent the health risk, women's health care including the quality of the meal should be considered.