• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2010

Jumping translocations (JT) are chromosomal rearrangements involving one donor chromosome and several recipient chromosomes. While JTs are frequently observed as acquired chromosomal abnormalities in hematologic malignancies, constitutional JTs are only rarely reported. We report two cases of constitutional JT in chorionic villi derived from the products of conception. The karyotype of the first case was 46,XY,add(18)(p11.1)[61]/45,XY,der(18;21)(q10;q10)[32]/46,XY,-18,+mar[16]/46,XY,i(18)(q10)[9]/45,XY,der(15;18)(q10;q10)[6]/46,XY,+1,dic(1;18)(p22;p11.1)[2]/45,XY,der(13;18)(q10;q10)[1]/46,XY[32]. The donor was a chromosome 18. The recipient chromosomes were chromosomes 1, 13, 15, 18 and 21. In the second case, the karyotype was 46,XY,der(22)t(9;22)(q12;q13)[22]/46,XY,der(22)t(1;22)(q21;q13)[13]/46,XY,add(22)(q13)[5]/46 XY[23]. The donor was a chromosome 22 and recipients were chromosomes 1 and 9. Both cases were de novo. The breakpoints of chromosomes were mostly in centromeric regions, pericentromeric regions, or telomeric regions. Normal cell lines were observed in both cases. This report supports the prior findings that the unstable nature of JT, resulting in chromosomal imbalance, most likely contributed to these early miscarriages.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.591-597
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• 1997

Cardiopulmonary bypass in children is associated with capillary leak which results in an increase in total body water after open heart surgery The purpose of these studies was to assess the cardiopulmonary effects of modified ultrafiltration after pediatric open heart surgery Study h: Twenty-six consecutive children aged 0.1 ~ 10 years(median 7 months) underwent cardiac operation inc rporating modified ultrafiltration. After completion of cardiopulmonary bypass, modified ultrafiltration was commenced at the flow rate of 100~ 15011min for 3 ~ 14 min. After modified ultrafiltration, elevation of hematocrit(28.3% $\pm$ 3.6% vs. 33.8olo $\pm$ 4.Ooloi p < 0.001), increased systolic 1)loots Pressure(66.7 $\pm$ 11.2mmHg vs. 76.2$\pm$ 11.BmmHg, p < 0.02), and decreased central venous pressure(7.8 $\pm$ 3.7mmHg vs. 6.9$\pm$ 2.gmmHg, p<0.001) were observed. Study B: Twenty-six children who underwent cardiac operation with the diagnosis of VSD under 2 years were assigned to control(n= 14) or modified ultrafiltration(n= 12). Peak inspiratory pressure checked immediately after operation was significantly lower in modified ultrafiltration group than in control group(20.0$\pm$ 2.4 cmH20 vs.22.4$\pm$ 2.3cmH20, p < 0.03). Modified ultrafiltration after cardiopillmonary bypass in children improves early homodynamics and pulmonary mechanics, and represents an excellent option for perioperative managemen of accumulation of fluid in the tissues. We will continually employ the modified ultrafiltration technique in pediatric cardiac operations.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2020

Purpose: Brown tumor is a tumor-like disease that can occur as a linked disease of hyperparathyroidism which can causes osteoporosis, osteitis fibrosa cystica, pathologic fractures. Brown tumor has been reported as a case report, but there is no comprehensive report on the exact diagnosis and principle of management for osseous lesion. The purpose of this study is to report the treatment and results of osseous lesions through 5 cases. Materials and Methods: From February 2004 to May 2015, five cases of Brown tumor were diagnosed in Chosun University Hospital and Chonnam National University Hospital orthopedic department. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed retrospectively. Parathyroid tumors were surgically removed, and surgical treatment and observation were performed for orthopedic osseous lesions. Results: The mean length of the long axis of the symptomatic osseous lesion was 6.2 cm (4.5-9.0 cm). An average of 7.6 (range, 3 to 14) of high uptake osseous lesion showed in whole body bone scan. The absolute value, T-score and Z-score of the vertebrae and proximal femur were adequate for diagnosis of osteoporosis using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral density at diagnosis and recovered to normal at the last follow-up. In laboratory tests, serum concentrations of total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone were helpful to diagnosis and normalized upon successful removal of parathyroid adenoma or cancer. Conclusion: For accurate diagnosis of Brown tumor, it should be accompanied by systemic examination as well as clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and radiologic examination for osseous lesions. And a good prognosis can be expected if the hyperparathyroidism is treated together with the comprehensive treatment of osseous lesions.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.6 s.175
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• pp.675-687
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• 2005

The rocks of the five storied stone pagoda in the Jeongrimsaji temple site are 149 materials in total with porphyritic biotite granodiorite. They include pegmatite veinlet, basic xenolith and evenly developed plagioclase porphyry. This stone pagoda has comparably small fracture and cracks which are farmed in the times of rock properties, but surface exfoliation and granular decomposition are in process actively since the rocks are generally weakened from the influence of air contaminants and acid rain. Structural instability of constituting rocks in the 4th roof materials are observed to occur from distortion and tilt. Such instability is judged to threat stability of the upper part of the stone pagoda. Also, chemical weathering is operating even more as the contaminants, ferro-manganese hydroxides eluted from water-rock interaction on the rock surface. Most of the rock surface is covered with yellowish brown, dark black and light gray contaminants, and especially occur in the lower part of the roof rocks on each floor. The roof underpinning rocks are severe in surface pigmentation from manganese hydroxides and light gray contaminants. The surface of rocks lives bacteria. algae, lichen, or moss and diverse productions in colors of light gray, dark Bray and dark green. Grayish white crustose lichen grows thick on the surface with darkly discolored by fungi and algae in the first stage on basement rocks, and weeds grows wild on the upper part of each roof rocks. This stone pagoda must closely observe the movements of the upper part rock materials through minute safety diagnosis and long term monitoring for structural stability. Especially since the surface discoloration of rocks and pigmentation of secondary contaminants are severe, establishment of general restoration and scientific conservation treatment are necessary through more detailed study for this stone pagoda.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.213-217
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• 1992

Locally advanced cervical carcinoma has shown high rate of local failure and poor survival rate despite the advances in modern radiation therapy techniques. Combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy demonstrated benefit in improving local control and possibly the overall survival. Twelve patients with advanced stages (Figo stage III, IV) or 11b with bulky tumors (>5 cm in diameter) were treated with combination of radiation therapy and concurrent weekly cisplatin between May of 1988 and September of 1991 at Inje University Paik Hospital. Cisplatin was administered in bolus injections of 50 mg at weekly intervals during the courses of radiation therapy. Median follow-up period was 34 months with ranges from 3 to 53 months. Eleven patients were evaluable for the estimation of response. Response was noted in all the 11 patients: complete response (CR) in 7 ($64\%$), partial response (PR) in 4 ($36\%$). Of the 7 patients with CR, all maintained local control, whereas only 1 of 4 with PR showed local control. Six of 7 with CR are alive disease free on the completion of follow-up. Eight of 11 patients ($73\%$) maintained local control in the pelvis. The median survival for CR patient is 27 months and 9 months for the PR patients. Analysis of survival by stage shows 11 b 4/5, III 2/3 and IV 1/3. Overall survival rate was $61\%$. Three patients recurred: 1 at local, 1 in distant site and 1 with local and distant site. Toxicity for the combination therapy was not excessive. These results are preliminary, but definitely encouraging in view of markedly improved response rate compared with the results of historical control group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1186-1193
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• 2003

Purpose : Fragile sites are points on chromosomes which tend to break non-randomly when exposed to specific chemical agents or conditions of tissue culture. The chromosomal break induced by the antineoplastic drug, 1-${\beta}$-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine(Ara-c), was investigated to study the laboratory conditions in which the incidence of chromosomal break could be enhanced. Besides, the fragile sites induced by Ara-C were investigated and compared to the already known locations of the specific chromosomal alterations observed in specific neoplasms. Methods : T-lymphocytes from theree normal males and three females were cultured for 48 hours. Cells from each individual were exposed to the Ara-C for an additional 24 hours. After the caffeine was added during the last six hours culture, the metaphase chromosomes were prepared following the conventional method. A site was considered fragile if it was found to break two or more per 100 chromosomal breaks in more than four of six individuals tested. Results : Ara-C induced 252.1 chromosomal breaks per 100 mitotic cells and this result was significantly higher than that of the control, which induced 25.2 breaks(P<0.05). The incidence of the chromosomal break by Ara-C was higher, if cultured in the MEM-FA, which has no folic acid, than in the RPMI 1640 which contains enough folic acid(P<0.05). The most common break site by Ara-C was 3p14.2(FRA3B). There were 20 fragile sites induced by Ara-C. Among these 20 fragile sites, seven coincided with the locations of the mapped oncogenes, JUN, SKI, REL, N-MYC, FHIT, MET, ETS-1, and FOS. Conclusion : S phase specific chemotherapeutic agent, Ara-C, induced the expression of the chromosomal fragile sites effectively using the T-lymphocyte in vitro. Some of the fragile sites by Ara-C highly coincided with the oncogenes and neoplasm specific chromosome breakpoints. In this regard, the fragile sites reported here could provide the unknown neoplasm related chromosomal alternation points.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.605-614
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• 2009

Most cancer patients are treated with surgery, chemotherapy or radiation as anticancer therapies. Especially in the case of radiation, these treatments produce adverse effects such as vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, normal cell damage and malabsorption. The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of irradiation on the nutritional and immune status in irradiated rats. A secondary goal was to determine the effectiveness of high protein diet (HP) and resveratrol (Res) in minimizing the adverse effects of radiation. Rats were divided into four groups: normal diet (NP), HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups. Each group was further divided into subgroups that received radiation (RT group) and one that did not (non-RT group). Each diet was supplied from $12^{th}$ day prior to irradiation treatment with irradiation dose of 17.5 Gy. The diets were continued until 10th day after radiation treatment and animals were sacrificed. The radiation treatment showed decreased body weight, serum protein and HDL levels and increased TG and LDL levels in nutritional status. HP, NP + Res and HP + Res groups reduced the level of serum LDL and TG in irradiated rats. NP + Res and HP + Res groups increased reduced albumin level of serum in RT group. In case of immune status, the radiation treat-ment showed decreased WBC, lymphocytes and increased neutrophil and eosinophil levels. The levels of serum IL-2 and IL-6 were significantly increased by radiation, however the cytokine levels decreased in all dietary treatment groups. These results showed that high protein diet and resveratrol supplementation seem to minimize the adverse effects of radiation on lipid nutritional status and inflammation response in the rat model.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1996

Purpose : Radiation-induced alteration in the immune function is well known phenomenon in cancer patients. Our purpose is to evaluate the extent of immune suppression immediately after mediastinal or pelvic irradiation, which include significant volume of active bone marrow in adults. Materials and Methods'48 cancer patients with mediastinal(N=29) and pelvic irradiation(N=19) were the basis of this analysis. Age ranged from 36 to 76 and mean and median value was 57 years, respectively Sex ratio was 1.3(M: F=27/21). The immunological parameters were the complete blood cell(CBC) with differential cell(D/C) count, T cell subset(CD3, CD4, CD8 CDl9), NK cell test(CDl6, CD56), and serum immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA, IgM) level. Results : The mean value of white blood cell(WBC) was reduced from 7017 to 4470 after irradiation(p=0.0000). In the differential count, the number of lymphocyte, neutrophil, and basophil was markedly reduced with statistical significance(p<0.01) and the number of monocyte was not changed and, on the contrary, that of eosinophil was increased by irradiation. In the lymphocyte subpopulation analysis, the number of all subpopulations, CD3(T cell), CD4(helper T cell), CD8(suppressor T cell), CDl6(NK cell), CDl9(B, cell) was reduced with statistical significance. The mean ratio of CD4 to CD8 in all patients was 1.09 initially and reduced to 0.99 after radiotherapy(p=0.34) , but the proportional percentage of all subpopulations was not changed except CD19(B cell) after irradiation. In the immunoglobulin study, initial values of Ig G, Ig A, and Ig M were relatively above the normal range and the only Ig M was statistically significantly reduced after radiotherapy(p=0.02). Conclusion : Mediastinal and pelvic irradiation resulted in remarkable suppression of lymphocyte count in contrast to the relatively good preservation of other components of white blood cells. But the further study on the functional changes of lymphocyte after radiotherapy may be necessary to conclude the effects of the radiation on the immunity of the cancer Patients.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1998

Purpose : Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) is known to increase the peripheral blood circulation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of GBE on the acute normal tissue radiation reaction. Materials and Methods : mice were divided into two groups, radiation alone and two doses GBE plus radiation, for both acute skin reaction and jejunal crypt assay. GBE was given i.p. one hour before irradiation with priming dose given one day earlier. Thirty to Fifty Gy for acute skin reaction and 11 to 14 Gy for jejunal crypt were irradiated to right hind leg and whole body, respectively. Results : Radiation doses($RD_{50}$) for Peak skin score of 2.0 were 44.2Gy (40.6-48.2Gy) for radiation alone and 44.4Gy(41.6-47.4Gy) for two doses GBE plus radiation, showing no effect of GBE on acute radiation skin damage. The numbers of regenerating jejunal crypts per circumference were also almost the same for each radiation dose level(p=0.57-0.94), and the mean lethal doses($D_o$) were 1.800y(1.57-2.09Gy) for radiation alone and 1.88Gy(1.65-2.18Gy) for two doses GBE plus radiation, indicating no effect of GBE on jejunal crypt cell survival after radiation. Conclusion : GBE doesn't increase acute normal tissue radiation reaction in this model system. As GBE was verified to enhance radiation effect on tumor, high therapeutic gain is expected when GBE is combined with radiation therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2000

Purpose :To investigate whether changes in plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor-$\beta$1(TGF-$\beta$1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) could be used to identify the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis in the lung cancer patients. Methods and Materials :Seventeen patients with lung cancer (11 NSCLC, 6 SCLC) were enrolled in a prospective study designed to evaluate clinical and molecular biologic correlation of radiation-induced pneumonitis. The study began in May 1998 and completed in July 1999. All patients were treated with radiotherapy with curative intent : 1.8 Gy per day, 5 fractions per week. Serial measurements of plasma TGF-$\beta$1, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 were obtained in all patients before, weekly during radiotherapy and at each follow-up visits after completion of treatment. These measurements were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients were evaluated for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis at each follow-up visit after completion of radiotherapy. High resolution CT (HRCT) scans were obtained when signs and symptoms of pneumonitis were developed after completion of radiotherapy. Results : Thirteen patients eventually developed signs and symptoms of clinical pneumonitis 씬file four patients did not. TGF-$\beta$ 1 levels were elevated in all 13 patients with pneumonitis, which showed characteristic pattern of elevation (38.45 ng/ml at pretreatment, 13.66 ng/ml during radiotherapy, then 60.63 ng/ml at 2-4 weeks after completion of radiotherapy). The levels of TNF- $\alpha$ and IL-6 were also elevated In the group of patients who developed pneumonitis but the pattern was not characteristic. Conclusions : Changes in plasma TGF$\beta$-1 levels before, during and after radiotherapy appears to be a useful means by which to identify patients at risk for the development of symptomatic pneumonitis. Other cytokines like TNF- $\alpha$ and IL-6 shows no meaningful changes in association with radiation pneumonitis.