• 건강소식
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.30-31
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• 2014

건강한 몸의 바탕에는 건강한 혈액순환이 있다. 몸에서 혈액순환이 원활하게 이루어지지 않을 경우 작게는 두통, 수족냉증, 손발저림, 변비부터 크게는 성인병, 뇌혈관질환과 심장질환까지 다양한 이상이 나타난다. 다이어트와도 관련이 깊은 것이 혈액순환이다. 건강한 몸, 아름다운 몸을 가꾸기 위해 혈액순환에 관심을 가져보자.

• 기계와재료
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2011

최근 노령화와 스포츠 인구의 증가로 인해 족부 혈액순환 장애 및 족관절의 퇴행성 질환이 증가하고 있으며 이로 인해 몸의 평형기능 및 운동성에 기능장애가 동반하게 된다. 이로 인해 일상생활 기능 저하와 낙상과 같은 이차적 합병증 발생을 초래하여 기능 및 삶의 질 저하, 활동제한 등으로 건강한 노년에 대한 심각한 위협 요인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 족부 혈액순환 증진을 위해 IT기술을 활용하여 압력에 따른 부위별 자극의 세기를 달리하고, 3D영상을 통해 가공의 상황 및 가상의 환경을 사람의 감각을 통해 느끼게 하여 실제 상호작용하고 있는 것처럼 만들어 주어, 혈액순환 개선의 효과를 극대화하고자 노화에 따른 족부건강 변화 및 족부 자극의 효과를 분석하고, 가상현실을 기반으로 한 족부혈액 순환 증진 장치와 관련 컨텐츠에 대해 제시하고자 한다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.149
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• pp.23-25
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• 2002

당뇨병 환자에게 있어 규칙적인 발운동과 마사지는 발의 혈액순환과 유연성을 증가시켜주므로 하루 3$\~$4회 가량 규칙적으로 실시하는 것이 좋다. 발의 스트레칭은 발의 건강에 있어 큰 차이를 만들 수 있는데, 발근육을 운동시키는 것은 발의 균형, 혈액순환과 발의 힘을 키우는 최고의 방법이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.807-814
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• 2005

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass is an essential process to maintain circulation for saving life during the cardiac surgery, But it is a process in which systemic inflammation was evoked inevitably because of the exposure of blood to foreign surface. The injuries to distal organs during the cardiopulmonary bypass were resulted from systemic inflammation and the disturbances of micro-circulations in the organs. We designed this study to research the effects of leukocyte depletion from pump-oxygenator priming solution on the systemic inflammation, and the micro-circulation of gastric mucosa that is suggested by the gastric mucosal $CO_{2}$ partial pressure and acidity. Material and Method: The dogs were divided into three groups according to the different pump-oxygenator priming solutions; non-hemic crystalloid solution; leukocyte-depleted homologous blood; and non leukocyte-depleted homo-logous blood. Each priming solution group contained five dogs. In all three groups, 2 hours of cardiopulmonary bypass, and 4 consecutive hours of general anesthesia was maintained on the mechanical ventilation. Each dog was evaluated for the gastric mucosal pH, $CO_{2}$ partial Pressure, arterial pH, $CO_{2}$ partial pressure, the exhaled air $CO_{2}$ partial pressure and the level of IL-8 on before the cardiopulmonary bypass, 1 hour after the cardiopulmonary bypass, 2 hours after the cardiopulmonary bypass, 2 hours after the restoration of normal circulation, and 4 hours after the restoration of normal circulation after the cardiopulmonary bypass. The levels of IL-8 were measured with ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Result: 1. There were significant differences of gastric mucosal $CO_{2}$ partial pressure between the leukocyte-depleted homologous blood group and other two groups(vs non leukocyte-depleted homologous blood group; P=0.02, vs non-hemic crystalloid solution group; P=0,01). 2. The gastric mucosal pH of leukocyte-depleted homologous blood group was significantly different from non leukocyte-depleted homologous blood group (p=0.01). 3. The levels of IL-8, which examine the systemic inflammation, showed signi- ficantly better results in leukocyte-depleted homologous blood group and non-hemic crystalloid solution group than non leukocyte-depleted homologous blood group (p=0.01, 0.01). Conclusion: Based upon these results, we concluded that the leukocyte depletion from the pump-oxygenator priming solution has a beneficial effects in reducing systemic inflammation and the preserving of gastric mucosal micro-circulation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.379-393
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is to analyze the conceptual change of nine 11th graders after implementing the model-based instruction of blood circulation by multidimensional framework, and to find some implications about teaching strategies for improving conceptual understanding. The model-based instruction consisted of 4 periods: (1) introduction for inducing students' interests using an episode in the science history of blood circulation, (2) vivisectional experiment on rats, (3) visual-linguistic model instruction using the videotape of heartbeat, and (4) modeling activity on the path of blood flow. Based on the data from pre-test, post-test and interviews, we classified students' models on the path of blood flow, and investigated their ontological features and the conceptual status of blood circulation. Most students could describe the path of blood flow and the changes of substances in blood precisely after the instructions. However, the modeling activity were not sufficient to improve students' understanding of the mechanisms of the blood distribution throughout various organs and the material exchanges between blood and tissues. From the interview of 9 students, we acquired informative results about conceptual status elements that were helpful to, preventing from, or not used for students' understanding. It was also found that conceptual status of students depended on the ontological categories into which students' conceptions of blood circulation fell. The results of this study can help design the effective teaching strategy for the understanding of concept of the equilibrium category.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.753-764
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• 2006

The concept of blood circulation is so complex, dynamic and abstract that students have difficulty in understanding it and students' preconceptions hardly change into scientific concepts even after the lessons. The purpose of this study is to examine middle school, high school, and undergraduate students' understanding of blood circulation and to find the reason why the lack of deep understanding is displayed in students' explanations for the blood circulation. The study consists of three parts. First, the test was designed to investigate students' ideas for blood circulation as components of the structure, the function, the behavior and the mechanism. Second, the test was applied to 7th, 10th and 13th graders to investigate the students' understanding of blood circulation and categorize the types of students' blood circulation model according to their academic level. Finally, the concepts the students had little understanding of were analyzed to decide which ontological category they fell into and further to inquire the characteristics of each concept. The results showed that many students comprehend the structure and the function of blood circulation components well, and there was no significant difference in students' understanding according to the academic level. In contrast, understanding the behavior and the mechanism of circulatory components has remarkably improved in high school students and undergraduates majoring in science and engineering. Also, students' blood circulation models were classified into seven different types. High school students and undergraduates majoring in science and engineering demonstrated a significantly higher percentage on the type of double-loop-branch compared to other academic levels. In addition, it was found that the lack of deep understanding was caused by students' misconceiving the 'equilibrium' category as 'event' category.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.121
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• pp.24-25
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• 1999

• 대학교육
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• s.67
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• pp.115-116
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• 1994

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

The circulatory system is closely related to the inter-relationship between the anatomy of the heart and blood vessels, and the fluid dynamic properties of blood. The physical properties of blood, which affect blood flow, are called hemorheologic factors. Hemorheologic factors, such as blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation, are influenced mainly by hematocrit. A higher hematocrit level results in an increase in blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, which impedes the circulation itself, and tissue oxygenation. An excess of serum ferritin causes injury to vascular endothelial cells and erythrocytes via oxygen free radicals. In addition, an excess of blood can aggravatee the adverse effects of the hemorheologic parameters and induce atherogenesis, microcirculatory disturbances, and major cardiovascular events. A preventive and therapeutic approach with a phlebotomy or blood donation has been stimulated by the knowledge that blood loss, such as regular donations, is associated with significant decreases in key hemorheologic variables, including blood viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation, hematocrit, and fibrinogen. Major cardiovascular events have been improved in regular blood donors by improving blood flow and microcirculation by decreasing the level of oxidative stress, improving the hemorheologic parameters, and reducing the serum ferritin level. Confirmation of the positive preventive and therapeutic effects of blood donations on cardiovascular disease by a well-designed and well-controlled Cohort study may be good news to patients with cardiovascular disease or at risk of these diseases, as well as patients who require a transfusion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.704-710
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• 2001

Background: Extracorporeal circulation using pump-oxygenator is an inevitable process to keep vital sign during cardiac arrest for open heart surgery. However, the diversion of blood through nonendothelialized channels appears to stimulate inflammatory response, and leukocyte activation may lead to cardiopulmonary edema. Our study evaluated the effect of leukocyte-induced cardiopulmonary edema using three different pump-oxygenator priming solutions; non-hemic crystalloid solution ; leukocyte-depleted homologous blood; non leukocyte-depleted homologous blood in priming solutions. Material and Method: Each different priming solution was used on five dogs, and the effect of leukocyte-induced cardiopulmonary edema during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) was evaluated. For each dog after 2 hours of exracorporeal circulation and another 4 hours of post-pump period, the dog was sacrificed and its heart and lung tissues were obtained for measuring Wet/Dry ratio. Arterial $O_2$partial pressure(PaO$_2$) and $CO_2$partial pressure(Pa$CO_2$) were checked. For the evaluation of ventilatory function, $CO_2$partial pressure difference between arterial blood (Pa$CO_2$) and exhaled air(Et$CO_2$) was measured. Result: 1. No significant difference was seen in arterial PaO$_2$and Pa$CO_2$among groups. 2. Ventilatory function evaluated by Pa$CO_2$and Et$CO_2$showed no significant difference between non-hemic and blood-mixed priming solution (P<0.05). 3. Cardiac and lung Wet/Dry ratios were remarkedly lower in the leukocyte-depleted group. There was no significant difference between the non-hemic and blood-mixed groups. Conclusion: Based upon this result, we concluded that the leukocyte depletion from homologous blood of CPB priming solution has a beneficial effect in reducing cardiopulmonary edema compared with non leukocyte-depleted or crystalloid priming solutions.