• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

To investigate the effect of freshwater discharge on the seawater circulation in the semi-closed harbor, a 3-D hydrodynamic model was applied to the International Ferry Terminal (IFT). The model run is conducted for 45 days (from May 15 to June 30, 2020), and the reproducibility of the model for time-spatial variability of current velocity and salinity was verified by comparison with model results and observation data. There are two sources of freshwater towards inside of the IFT: Han River and water reservoir located in the eastern part of IFT. In residual current velocity results, the two-layer circulation (the seaward flow near surface and the landward flow near bottom)derived from the horizontal salinity gradient in only considering the discharge from a Han River is more developed than that considering both the Han River and water reservoir. This suggests that the impact of freshwater from the reservoir is greater in the IFT areas than that from a Han River. Additionally, the two-layer circulation is stronger in the IFT located in southern part than Incheon South Port located in northern part. This process is formed by the interaction between tidal current propagating into the port and freshwater discharge from a water reservoir, and flow with a low salinity (near 0 psu) is delivered into the IFT. This low salinity distribution reinforces the horizontal stratification in front of the IFT, and maintains a two-layer circulation. Therefore, local sources of freshwater input are considered to estimate for mass transport process associated with the seawater circulation within the harbor and It is necessary to perform a numerical model according to the real-time freshwater flow rate discharged.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_1
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• pp.1465-1483
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• 2020

Evapotranspiration is a concept that includes the evaporation from soil and the transpiration from the plant leaf. It is an essential factor for monitoring water balance, drought, crop growth, and climate change. Actual evapotranspiration (AET) corresponds to the consumption of water from the land surface and the necessary amount of water for the land surface. Because the AET is derived from multiplying the crop coefficient by the reference evapotranspiration (ET0), an accurate calculation of the ET0 is required for the AET. To date, many efforts have been made for gridded ET0 to provide multiple products now. This study presents a comparison between the ET0 products such as FAO56-PM, LDAPS, PKNU-NMSC, and MODIS to find out which one is more suitable for the local-scale hydrological and agricultural applications in Korea, where the heterogeneity of the land surface is critical. In the experiment for the period between 2016 and 2019, the daily and 8-day products were compared with the in-situ observations by KMA. The analyses according to the station, year, month, and time-series showed that the PKNU-NMSC product with a successful optimization for Korea was superior to the others, yielding stable accuracy irrespective of space and time. Also, this paper showed the intrinsic characteristics of the FAO56-PM, LDAPS, and MODIS ET0 products that could be informative for other researchers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.177-192
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• 2021

The Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development discusses the reorganization of the five evaluation criteria of the Public Development Assistance Committee, which are used internationally, and the five evaluation criteria including adequacy, efficiency, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability when assessing public development assistance in 1991. This study is to derive alternatives by applying the evaluation criteria of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in the evaluation of the inclusive business program being implemented in Nepal since 2019. As a result of the study, the adequacy of Nepal's inclusive business program was consistent with continuous employment and job creation for vulnerable groups such as disabled and orphan women. Efficiency can be said to be efficient in that processes such as work order and work confirmation are made with an electronic management tool, and delivery of the result is transmitted online, saving time and cost compared to other industries. The effectiveness of this project can be said to be an effective program in that it provides high-quality jobs such as providing specialized computer graphics education for the vulnerable, such as disabled and orphan women in Nepal, and hiring graduates as employees. Sustainability is the point that KOICA's inclusive business program has enabled vulnerable groups in the existing fields of agriculture and manufacturing to engage in the computer graphics industry, and the scalability of movies, characters, education businesses, and role models in other countries.However, considering that the scale of public development assistance will continue to increase in the future, it is necessary to establish a systematic monitoring system and a recirculation system so that the project between the donor and recipient countries can continue.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.64-75
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to illuminate the meaning of the soundscapes of two bells, Daeheung-dong Cathedral and Sungsimdang in Eunghang-dong, which are landmarks and attractions in the historic downtown of Daejeon. The study was conducted through field research and recordings, as well as literature studies of related documents and soundscape theory. Daejeon city was developed along with Daejeon Railway Station during the Japanese colonial period in the early 20th century. As the Chungnam Provincial Office moved to Daejeon, Daeheung-dong and Eunhang-dong in Jung-gu, located near Daejeon Station, developed significantly and formed the city centre. As major administrative agencies moved to Seo-gu in the 1990s, the downtown area of Daejeon was on a path of decline, and the decline accelerated with the development of Sejong city. Meanwhile, Daeheung-dong Cathedral and Sungsimdang, founded by refugees during the Korean War, firmly protected the historic downtown area of Daejeon, where the natives left. Daeheung-dong Cathedral, established during the Japanese colonial period, is a local landmark with a history of 100 years in 2019. Sungsimdang, which was created with the backdrop of the Korean War, is also a historical and cultural asset with a history of 60 years and a local landmark selected as the No. 1 tourist attraction in Daejeon. This research, which started from the sound of the bells of Daeheung-dong Cathedral, heard even in the neighboring residential areas, led to the discovery of the bells of Sungsimdang in Eunhang-dong, located across the street. In this paper, the bells of Daeheung-dong Cathedral and Eunhang-dong Sungsimdang have characteristics of soundmarks according to R. Murray Schafer's soundscape sound category. Furthermore, this paper attempted to analyze the meaning of the two bells according to the relatively recent EU soundscape definition. These two bells are signal sounds at the surface level, but are the sound marks of the historic downtown area of Daejeon at the deep level. Although there are outward differences in size, scale, frequency, and famousness, these two bells share a meaning in terms of locality and good influence with the historicity and spatiality of a special relationship. The implication of this study is that the two places should be preserved as local historical and cultural assets not only as visual landmarks but also as sound marks in the urban regeneration or urban development of Jung-gu, Daejeon.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

Growth tests on the Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars of Pyropia dentata were performed at the Eoran and Imha aquafarm, Haenam in Jeollanamdo, from October to December in 2017. The mean water temperature ranged from 5.4 to 26.4 ℃. In Eoran aquafarm (flating raft method), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 0.091 to 0.181 mg/L, 0.007 to 0.019 mg/L, 0.114 to 0.187 mg/L, 0.008 to 0.033 mg/L and 0.200 to1.000 mg/L, respectively. In Imha aquafarm (fixed pold method), DTN, DTP, TN, TP and COD ranged from 0.118 to 0.276 mg/L, 0.005 to 0.024 mg/L, 0.155 to 0.305 mg/L, 0.009 to 0.042 mg/L and 0.300 to1.400 mg/L, respectively. In order to investigate the number of conchospores attached on the Pyropia net, which was cut into about 4cm long. The mean number of conchospores of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 39.5, 26.5, 72.5, respectively. Young thalli were harvested two times at Eoran aquafarm, and three times at Imha aquafarm. In eoran aquafarm, the mean thallus length of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 49.9, 46.0, 42.0 cm on October and 163, 126.0, 263.0 cm on November, respectively. The mean thallus width of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 5.8, 4.6, 11.5 cm on October and 20.9, 11.5, 14.0 cm on November, respectively. In Imha aquafarm, the mean thallus length of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 119.0, 60.9, 71.0 cm on October, 196.0, 132.0, 262.0 cm on November and 187.0, 281.0, 296.0 cm on December, respectively. The mean thallus width of Yuldo, Supum1 and Supum2 cultivars were 4.2, 3.4, 3.1 cm on October, 8.9, 6.2, 6.6 cm on November and 11.7, 11.6, 9.4 cm on December, respectively. In eoran aquafarm, contents of moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein and carbohydrate of three cultivars ranged from 11.64 to 20.15, 19.54 to 21.19, 0.00 to 0.18, 29.78 to 37.81, 29.16 to 29.71, respectively. In Imha aquafarm, contents of moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein and carbohydrate of three cultivars ranged from 8.43 to 9.15, 11.42 to 17.49, 0.00 to 0.00, 31.90 to 37.54, 36.30 to 42.24, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.279-287
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• 2020

This study aims to put forth an efficient way of improving body shapes by examining the effects of deep tissue massage and illite-combined deep tissue massage on body shape changes, and identifying body shape changes when applying each method. This study targeted twenty women in their thirties, and ten separate subjects were placed in different groups. Then deep tissue massage and illite-combined deep tissue massage were performed once a week, for a total of eight weeks. Moire Topography was applied before the experiments, four weeks later and eight weeks later to compare changes in spinous process inclination, shoulders and hips. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0, and the study results are as follows. In relation to general characteristics of the subjects, professionals occupied the highest proportion of them, and 90% of them were married. Here, 77.8% of them had experience in giving birth, and 78.6% of them chose natural birth. In addition, 57.1% of the subjects holding a majority had two children. When measuring spinous process inclination, shoulders and hips in the illite-combined deep tissue massage group and in the deep tissue massage group before the experiments, the illite-combined deep tissue massage group showed somewhat higher values in every area than the deep tissue massage group, but no statistically significant differences were not found, which means the homogeneity existed between them. When comparing body shape changes between the two massage methods, there were significant differences(p<.05, p<.01), because the illite-combined deep tissue massage group showed a much higher decline in spinous process inclination, shoulders and hips than the deep tissue massage group. This implies illite-combined deep tissue massage was more effective in improving body shapes than deep tissue massage. Therefore, illite-combined deep tissue massage is considered to be helpful in improving body shapes, and it is anticipated that this massage method can be used in relevant fields, including the skin care industry.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1371-1383
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• 2022

In this study, the amount of coal waste dump was calculated using six Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) produced between 2006 and 2018 in Jangseong-dong, Taebaek-si, Gangwon-do, and the subsidence was observed by applying the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric SAR (PSInSAR) technique on the Sentinel-1 SAR images. As a result of depositing activities using DEMs, a total of 1,668,980 m³ of coal waste was deposited over a period of about 12 years from 2006 to 2018. The observed subsidence rate from PSInSAR was -32.3 mm/yr and -40.2 mm/yr from the ascending and descending orbits, respectively. As the thickness of the waste pile increased, the rate of subsidence increased, and the more recent the completion of the deposit, the faster the subsidence tended to occur. The subsidence rates from the ascending and descending orbits were converted to vertical and horizontal east-west components, and 22 random reference points were set to compare the subsidence rate, the waste rock thickness, and the time of depositing completion. As a result, the subsidence rate of the reference point tended to increase as the thickness of the waste became thicker, similar to the PSInSAR results in relation to the waste thickness. On the other hand, there was no clear correlation between the completion time of the deposits and the rate Of subsidence at the reference points. This is because the time of completion of the deposits at all but 5 of the 22 reference points was too biased in 2010 and the correlation analysis was meaningless. As in this study, the use of DEM and PSInSAR is expected to be an effective alternative to compensate for the lack of field data in the safety management of coal waste deposits.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.280-290
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• 2021

The present study investigated species richness and phytoplankton community structure in lakes in the Geum River Basin during autumn and spring seasons. Surveys were conducted between September and November 2019, and between April and May 2020, which corresponded to the autumn and spring seasons, respectively, to explore the distribution characteristics of the species. A total of 49 species of phytoplankton belonging to 31 genera and seven classes were identified in Cho Pyeong-ji, 51 species belonging to 29 genera and six classes were identified in Song Ak-ji, 49 species belonging to 32 genera and seven classes were identified in Cheong Cheon-ji, 82 species belonging to 45 genera and six classes were identified in Ye Dangji, and 70 species belonging to 40 genera and six classes were identified in Ganwol Lake. A total of 43 species belonging to 74 genera and seven classes were identified. The ranges of phytoplankton standing crop were as follows: 223~3533 cells mL^-1 in Cho Pyeong-ji, 881~176018 cells mL^-1 in Song Ak-ji, 402~6139 cells mL^-1 in Cheong Cheon-ji, 262~10460 cells mL^-1 in Ye Dang-ji, and 20413~330695 cells mL^-1 in Ganwol Lake. Phytoplankton diversity in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 1.10~2.60, 0.56~2.03, 0.21~2.03, 0.65~2.57, and 0.44~1.12, respectively. Phytoplankton species richness in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 1.91~4.99, 1.82~3.26, 1.26~4.17, 2.07~5.37, and 1.90~2.43, respectively. Phytoplankton evenness indices in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 0.38~0.78, 0.18~0.69, 0.08~0.71, 0.22~0.72, and 0.14~0.38, respectively. Phytoplankton dominance indices in Cho Pyeong-ji, Song Ak-ji, Cheong Cheon-ji, Ye Dang-ji, and Ganwol Lake were 0.40~0.83, 0.55~0.96, 0.44~0.99, 0.42~0.93, and 0.89~0.97, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2021

Munseom (Island) is known as the largest native Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus in Korea. Recently, disease damage from the E. sylvestris var. ellipticus community has been reported in Munseom. This study was conducted to understand the damage situation and growth characteristics of the E. sylvestris var. ellipticus population in Munseom. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spontaneous regeneration potential of the community by grasping the characteristics of the population of surviving E. sylvestris var. ellipticus individuals, and to discuss ways to restore native habitats. A total population survey was conducted to determine the distribution status of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus individuals. The field survey carefully recorded the height of tree, DBH, DRH, and growing status, along with GPS location information of the individual. The growth status of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus individuals distributed in Munseom and the characteristics of tree height, DBH, DRH of each individual were analyzed. The total number of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus populations identified in Munseom was 293. The dense E. sylvestris var. ellipticus community reported in 2005 has been identified as being greatly damaged or damaged. In particular, the damage was more serious in mature trees with a height of 6m or more forming the canopy layer in the forest, and it was confirmed that 80.6% of the mature trees died. In the growth characteristics of the old-growth tree, which is an indicator of the health of the forest based on DRH, 75.4% died or the growth condition was found to be poor. In order to restore the native habitat of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus in Munseom, conservation efforts such as pest control, preservation of mature trees, control of the territory of young trees, and reintroduction after ex-situ transplantation etc. are considered necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.69
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• pp.95-128
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• 2021

As interest in private records began to develop in the research of archivists, discussions began about the value of private records and how to collect and manage private records from the standpoint of archivists. After that, the conceptual discussion on community archives, from the point of view of the community, collecting and preserving their own records, and the democratization of records and the sovereignty of records are discussed. As a result of this trend, maeul making projects were started in each region, and citizen archivists appeared who do archives activities. and research on the role and system of public institutions to support them and community archives. Recently, as research on regional record activities has begun, the current status of education and activities in each region is being announced. in addition archives education programs are being actively conducted nationwide to train citizen archivists. The purpose of this thesis is to find out their identity of their, in order to cultivate sustainable citizen archivists and to suggest the direction the citizen archivists training program should pursue. First, we consider that the educational goal of citizen archivists training program is to train citizen archivists who practice the knowledge learned through education, and examine the identity of 'citizen archivist', the goal of training education. In this study, local archivists are regarded as local members who engage in archiving activities based on their locality, and they are judged to be the main actors and core beings in building community archives. Also the activities of citizen archivists are viewed as active and subjective beings that realize 'Archival autonomy' by implementing 'Archival autonomy'. In addition, it analyzes the cases of researchable citizen archivist training programs in Korea that were conducted to foster local archivists and examines the current situation. Finally, the direction of citizen archivists training program for cultivating citizen archivists is presented. In this paper, I think that the citizen archivists training program should be designed as a curriculum to parctice the education goal, not as public program.