• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.26
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2003

Currently, the efficiency of GPS has been increased in the various precise survey like as the control survey and the navigation etc. Also, it is widely used in the deformation analysis of the structure, the measurement of the marine tides, the measurement of the river level and the topographic monitoring of seabed or riverbed by combined the measurement equipment for depth. In this study, we intend to increase in efficiency of the topographic monitoring of seabed or riverbed by combined with DGPS, RTK GPS and echo sounder. For this study, we defined the error correction of the echo sounder with the experiment of water tank which is considered the characteristic of estuary riverbed and then we developed the s/w for 3-dimensional monitoring of estuary riverbed and applied the s/w to field test and improved the various problems. On analyzing topography of estuary riverbed by combined GPS with echo sounder, the draught error which is yielded to change of length from the water surface by the movement of survey vessel to the end of the transducer was eliminated by geometrical rearrangement and we defined the correction formula $z=BM+SAH-DBR_{(i)}-DRT-ED$. The sounding error about the echo sounder and characteristic of estuary riverbed was found by understanding the relation of average diameter ind residual error and we defined correction formula, $Y=0.00474{\ast}ln(X)-0.0045$ by the regression analysis. and then we verified applicability of correction formula.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.95 no.3
• /
• pp.342-349
• /
• 2006

The survey guideline of forest products statistics suggests a certain type of standard to aggregate production amount of each item such as dry bracken, raw dates, cracked nuts, It does not, however, give any information about transition ratios, which would apply to convert weights of fresh bracken into dry one, or cracked nuts into the non-cracked. This has been one of the main factors which would make the statistics unreliable. The purpose of this study is to examine the aggregation realities and to put forward some proposals to improve forest products statistics with transition ratios. Targets of this study are 10 forest products that are strongly related to the mentioned problems. With the calculated transition ratios and some assumptions the changing rate of the official statistics of 2004 production amounts ranged from -41% to 474% for the 10 subjects. The suggested figures for transitions are based only on one-year analysis results. Therefore more periods are required to improve the accuracy and the reliability, and this study would be a good starting point.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of antipsychotic medication prescription for the symptom control in patients with delirium. Methods : One hundred and eighty-five patients referred to consultation-liaison psychiatric services for delirium due to general medical condition were included in this study. All subjects were divided into two groups (antipsychotics users vs. antipsychotics nonusers), and comparison analyses on their clinical characteristics were performed. Results : One hundred and twenty nine patients (66.5%) used antipsychotics for their delirium, and 56 patients (30.3%) did not use antipsychotics. The history of psychotropic medication was more frequently observed in antipsychotic users (5.4% vs. 18.6%, χ²=5.498, p=0.022). Especially, the history of benzodiazepine use was significantly high in antipsychotics users. The total score and sub-items of delirium rating scale-severity items except for the psychomotor retardation item showed higher scores in antipsychotic users than in nonusers (all p<0.05). The total score of the delirium rating scale-diagnosis items was higher in antipsychotic users than in the nonusers (p=0.010). Conclusions : Delirium patients with more severe delirium symptoms and with more history of benzodiazepine use were treated with antipsychotics more frequently than those without. These findings imply that benzodiazepine may not only exacerbate delirium but be associated with aggression or psychomotor agitation that need immediate intervention. Clinicians may need to pay attention not only these external symptoms but also to hypoactive symptoms that may lead to misdiagnosis and undertreatment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to design internet CEDA(Cross Examination Debate Association) debating model for the internet-based learning. Comparing to open discussion model that is widely spreaded in regular classes, the CEDA model can enhance learner's thinking skills, logicality, analytic skills, and judgement ability. In the first study, 196 students were provided the specific CEDA model guideline and participated debate activities through the internet. The results of the students' debate were analyzed based on the evaluation criteria. The results showed that the students' evaluation scores were high overall. They favored the CEDA model over the open discussion model, and showed positive attitudes and perceptions on the CEDA internet debate activity. In the second study, another 200 students were participated in two different tutor supporting CEDA debating groups, one is advanced tutor strategy group and the other is general tutor strategy group. The results showed that the advanced tutor supporting group had significantly high scores on the cross examination and providing evidence on debating. This study finally suggests the CEDA internet model for general use. In conclusion, this study also suggests the next steps to elaborate the CEDA internet model not only for the university settings, but also for general school settings. The user manuals should be developed to assist instructors, students, and tutors to guide better debate activities through the internet CEDA class. Also further research should be conducted to provide various debate models and applications for the variety of learning environments, and so the schools to use the CEDA model more widely in the internet classes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2008

The MAEULSOOP, Korean traditional village groves have been installed and survived since 7th Century to serve local village dwellers as a community forest. The common sense of their reasons for being is related to the surroundings such as hills, waterways and wind-ways. To understand the roles in a local community, spatial characteristics of distribution, locations and shapes were tested at the two-characterized regions, the Southwestern Flat Region and the Eastern Hilly Region. Approximately more than 500 written evidences related to trees and forests were surveyed, for example village names, folk tales and lists of designated trees for protection. Twenty sites in each region were selected and tested for the spatial analysis. Aerial photographs, DEM and the ArcGIS with a modified AML for slope analysis are applied based on the criteria of the KLCIS(Kwon, 2002; 권진오, 2008). The major factors in the role of the MAEULSOOP based on the spatial character of two regions are; the array and locations of hills for encircling or exposure, locations against corridors and waterway or not, locations of the community to serve, the conservation of energy. Although locations and shapes of the MAEULSOOP are slightly different, it seems that one of the prime roles is what makes their everyday life difficult the most in the community.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

Recently, the demand for industrial and residental land are increasing with economic growth, but it is difficult to acquire areas for development with good ground condition. For efficient and balanced development of land, new development projects are being carried out not only the areas with inland but those with the soft ground as well. As soft grounds have complex engineering properties and high variations such as ground subsidence especially when their strength is low and depth is deep, we need to accurately analyze the engineering properties of soft grounds and find general measures for stable and economic design and management. Vertical drain technology is widely used to accelerate the consolidation of soft clay deposits & dredged soil under pre-loading and various types of vertical drain are used with there discharge capacity. Under field conditions, discharge capacity is changed with various reason, such as soil condition, confinement pressure, long-term clogging and folding of vertical drains and so on. Therefore, many researcher and engineer recommend the use of required discharge capacity. In this paper, the experiment study were carried out to obtain the discharge capacity of four different types of vertical drains by utilizing the large-scale model tests and the required discharge capacity was calculated by several methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2016

A profiling monitoring system has been developed to monitor the water quality variations according to each water depth and applied for a test-bed. The key parameters were derived to disclose the aquatic ecology and environment of river systems, and the real-time monitoring techniques to profile the variations of each parameter were verified. Monitoring parameters were configured to include water quality, hydrodynamic, and weather conditions. Considering the water depth of the 4 major rivers in Korea, a profiling monitoring system with 1.0 m water depth interval for each monitoring has been established. To understand the real-time variation properties in the Han river, the monitoring system has been installed and operated at the YangHwa-Dock as a test-bed. Based on the results of the detailed analyses on the spring season, as the characteristic diurnal and water-depth-related variations for water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll-a were observed, it could be concluded that the real-time water-depth profiling monitoring system is a very effective tool for the proper management of river environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.442-448
• /
• 2013

There are two approaches in measuring colors (or chromaticity) in water, i.e., visual comparison method and spectrophotometric method. The color of sample was determined by comparing with that of platinum-cobalt standard solution in the visual comparison method. Single or multiple wavelengths are used for the spectrophotometric method. As the accuracy and precision of visual comparison method depend on the eye sight of the analyzer, the results are not so reliable and representative. In addition, it is hard to measure chromaticity less than 5 TCU. Single wavelength approach in spectrophotometric method, can be applied for groundwater or surface water with natural organic matter (i.e., humic substances) while it's hard to measure the color of wastewater which includes anthropogenic chemical compounds. The measurements with multiple wavelengths approach resulted in reliable data regardless of the source of sample water, i.e., surface water and wastewater. As dozens of measurements and complicated calculations for one sample were required for the multiple wavelengths approach, the approach could not be applied for field measurement. In the present study, the authors tested efficient method which could measure the color of water sample accurately and precisely regardless of the source of water. With the colorimeter with multiple wavelengths and calculation program, the colors of water samples could be measured within 3~4 seconds with accuracy and precision.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.709-717
• /
• 2008

Rhizofiltration for cesium uptake by sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var.) was investigated for groundwater contamination. The cesium removal by sunflowers was greater than 98% of the total cesium in solution, and the uptake by beans was also greater than 99% within 24 hours of the rhizofiltration, showing that the rhizofiltration has a great capability to remove cesium from the contaminated water system. Experiments at various pH of solution indicated that a solution of pH $5{\sim}9$ yielded very high cesium accumulation in two plants. From the results of the analysis for cesium accumulation in plant parts, about 80% of cesium transferred into the plant from solution was accumulated in the root part and less than 20% of cesium existed in the shoot part (including leaves). Results suggest that only the roots of the fully grown plant used for rhizofiltration should be disposed or post-treated and thus the cost and time to treat massive amounts of grown plants could be dramatically reduced when sunflower and bean are used in the real field. The results of SEM and EDS analyses indicated that the most of cesium were accumulated in the root surface as a ionic phase rather than a soil precipitation phase.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.11-25
• /
• 2020

This study is a basic study to improve responsiveness in the event of a disaster in the landside area of the Airport Passenger Terminal, and it investigated the airport emergency plan and the status of emergency response in the event of a disaster by the airline's ground staff. The Airport Emergency Plan examined the airport evacuation plan of Korea's Gimpo Airport and Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, confirming that the domestic airport emergency plan was not specific. In addition, a survey of 100 airline ground employees working at check-in counters found that 69% of the respondents were unaware of their role in disaster situations, 90% were not educated in emergency response and 98% were not trained in disaster training in landside areas. Cross-analysis confirmed significant results in the safety of the airport where the service life worked and whether it was a role in the event of a disaster. Therefore, it is suggested that the airport emergency response plan should be improved to improve the ability to respond to disaster sites in the landside area of the airport passenger terminal and that the airline's ground staff should be educated and trained to enhance disaster response.