• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.202.2-203
• /
• 2003

전통주의 계승발전을 위해 전통주의 개선과 재현의 필요성이 높아짐에 따라 지난날 맛 좋았던 우리의 전통주의 연구와 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 최근 미곡의 과잉생산으로 인한 과잉쌀 생산에 대한 수요체 창출을 위한 쌀가공품의 개발이 매우 시급한 실정이다. 최근 알콜농도가 낮은 술을 선호하는 경향과 전통주의 특수한 풍미로 인하여 현재 전통주는 많은 사람들로부터 각광을 받고 있어서 현재 몇몇 지역에서 민속주와 토속주가 허가되어 시판되고 있다. 진양주는 전남 해남지역의 전통민속주로서 해남지역에서 생산되는 찹쌀을 원료로 하여 상온에서 발효시키는 독특한 방법으로 제조되는데 이 진양주는 발효과정에서 외부환경의 영향을 많이 받게 된다. 그중 외부온도는 진양주의 품질에 직접적인 영향을 미치게 되는데 아직까지는 진양주제조과정에서 최적발효온도에 대한 연구는 보고된 것이 없다. 본 연구에서는 발효온도를 2$0^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$로 하였을 때 발효과정에서 술의 품온, pH, 당도, 알콜함량, 총산의 변화를 조사하였으며 관능검사를 통하여 종합적인 기호도를 평가하여 최적의 발효온도를 탐색하고자 했다. 발효과정에서 술의 품온은 온도계를 사용하여 측정하였고 pH는 pH-meter로 측정하였으며 당도는 당도계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 알콜함량과 총산은 국세청의 주류분석규정에 따라 증류법과 중화적정법을 사용하여 측정하였다. 관능검사는 식품공학과 대학원생과 학부생 10명을 대상으로 종합적인 기호도에 대하여 5단계 평점법으로 실시하였다. 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 발효시 품온은 20.2~23.8$^{\circ}C$사이에서, $25^{\circ}C$에서 발효시 품온은 25.2$^{\circ}C$~28.2$^{\circ}C$사이에서 변화되었고 pH는 2$0^{\circ}C$ 발효시 3.47~4.62 사이에서, $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 pH는 3.28~4.65사이에서 변화되었고 최종 pH는 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 발효시 3.71로써 $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 3.58보다 높았다. 최종당도는 2$0^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 각각 10.2。Brix와 8.4。Brix 였고 알콜농도는 2$0^{\circ}C$발효시 13.8%로 $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 14.8% 낮았으며 총산은 2$0^{\circ}C$ 발효시 1.32%로 $25^{\circ}C$ 발효시 1.62%보다 낮게 나타났다. 관능검사를 통한 종합적인 기호도는 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 발효시킨 진양주가 4.2로써 $25^{\circ}C$에 발효시킨 진양주 3.5보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사시 $25^{\circ}C$에서 발효한 진양주는 신맛이 많이 난다는 결과로 볼 때 최종 pH가 3.58로 낮고 총산이 1.62%로 높아서 나온 결과라고 생각된다. 결론적으로 진양주를 제조할 시 발효온도는 2$0^{\circ}C$가 발효온도 $25^{\circ}C$보다 더 적합하다고 생각된다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.47
• /
• pp.5-22
• /
• 2009

This study analysed the complicated introduction process of IPTV in Korea, based on the rent seeking theory which is one of an useful economic theory for explaining the dynamic interaction between government and entrepreneurs. Rent seeking theory describes the possibility of lobbying for economic regulations or regulatory capture which refers to collusion between firms and the government agencies assigned to regulate them. The introduction of IPTV(Internet Protocol TV) in Korea was the most controversial policy issue since the beginning of new media business of cable TV in 1995. In addition to the ordinary conflict between the old and new entrepreneurs, IPTV caused the bureaucratic conflicts between the Ministry of Information and Communication and the Korean Broadcasting Commission (Two regulation agencies were merged into KCC(Korean Communications Commission) in 2008). Through the process all related policy players, including the government, pursued their own rent, and it caused vicious circle of continuous rent seeking and mutual distrust among players. Finally, all-directional lobby of pre-IPTV companies brought about the successful entrance to IPTV market and the enactment of IPTV special law which includes deregulation compared to the existing Broadcast Act. Considering the convergence trend of media related laws it means going against the times. Until now, the conflict phenomena occurring in broadcast industry were mostly explained based on the sociological conflict theory. However, the result of this study shows the usefulness and necessity of rent seeking theory because it gives an economic explanation of conflict behavior.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.53-79
• /
• 2009

This study conducted a regulatory impact analysis regarding the introduction of the Korean version of REACH(Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals). The direct cost of the Korean REACH is estimated at a total of 101 billion Korean won over the 11 year period. The cost includes pre-registration, testing, registration, Chemical Safety Assessment(CSA) and Chemical Safety Report(CSR), evaluation, and the authorization costs of 15,223 chemical substances produced and imported more than 1 ton per year in Korea in 2006. With regard to the benefit, the only public health benefit is included in the estimation. Based on the available foreign and domestic data, this study estimated that the economic values of public health benefits are in the range of 33.2~138.6 billion Korean won if only the savings of the National Health Expenditures are considered and it reaches 203.9~1,640.3 billion Korean won if the willingness to pay(WTP) for disease prevention is included. This study proved that the Korean REACH passed the cost/benefit criteria. The benefit-cost ratio of the Korean REACH, however, is estimated to be lower than its EU counterpart. Thus it is suggested that a rigorous study to reduce the costs to industry be required before the Korean government introduces the Korean REACH.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2009

The Total Pollutant Load Management System(TPLMS) in the Han River basin is being changed from a voluntary to a mandatory system. Accordingly, this study suggests directions and priorities for research that can support implementation of TPLMS through an objective approach that deploys gap analysis and analytic hierarchy processes (AHP). Gap analysis indicated that TPLMS in Korea is still focused on compliance with regulations, and that implementation of TPLMS is still in its early stage. Improvements are thus needed in flexibility and effectiveness, including introduction of emissions rights trading, and upgrading to a renewable emissions permit system. The AHP study indicated that R&D will need to proceed in parallel in multiple areas to improve systems and resolve scientific uncertainties. Balanced R&D will be needed in both the institutional and technical groups. Subgroup analysis indicated that developing a reasonable process to establish water quality management targets is of the highest priority in the institutional group. In the technical group, higher priority will need to be given to improving model reliability and developing innovative pollution load reduction technologies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.2
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2013

The Cancun Agreements under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change require developing countries aiming to undertake REDD+ activities to develop a national strategy or action plan, addressing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, a measurement, reporting and verifying (MRV) system including forest monitoring system, and safeguards to ensure equity and co-benefits for local communities and indigenous peoples, and biodiversity. The Government of Indonesia and the Government of Norway established REDD+ cooperation through signing a 'Letter of Intent' in May, 2010. Indonesia agreed on 'a two year suspension on all new concessions for conversion of peat and natural forest'. In turn, Norway agreed to support Indonesia's REDD+ implementation efforts up to one billion United States dollars. Indonesia's REDD+ national strategy (June, 2012) accepted most of the requests included in the 'Letter of Intent'. The REDD+ national strategy, however, does not reflect requests of the Cancun Agreements which noted identification of the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and guarantee of real greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Indonesia lays emphasis on Norwegian requests which includes expected financial support rather than the Cancun Agreements which have a weak legally-binding requirements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.2
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2013

For reducing greenhouse gases, many countries carried out a series of activities not only at home but abroad. Particularly, after the release of the Kyoto Protocol, either nation or companies' participation was intensified, due to endow to responsibility of emission limits. This study focused on reforestation CDM work in Goseong Gun based on clean development system. Obstacle factors of land eligibility could be distinguished to three periods: before December 31th 1989, present and future. The obstacle before December 31th 1989 was that land cover of study area hardly illustrated by Landsat image, due to the low resolution, which were confirmed by a document of Grassland Composition Permission instead. The problem of current land eligibility is that the area of trees presence are difficult to be determined as forest or not. The boundary of forest in strata was identified, using 3-Dimensional Cartography Machine and aerial photograph. Land eligibility would still have obstacle whether the study area with trees presence has potentiality to be forest in the future at situation in absence of reforestation project. This was resolved by prediction of tree growth using stem analysis during execution of the project at study area.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.207-225
• /
• 2001

This study develops a GIS-based system which examines the adequacy of the Groundwater development project before the actual designing of the project. A system environment is constructed in order to efficiently and scientifically manage and analyze data related to Groundwater through a Server/Client environment. For this programs such as GIS S/W ArcVies3.2, RDBMS ORACLE, ArcSDE (Spatial Database Engine) are used. WHPA and AQTESOLV are employed as a underground water simulation program and Scripts, a language for ArcView, is used to develop graphic user interface (GUI). Using the system developed here, we can transfer simulation results obtained by WHPA regarding Groundwater levels in new development projects into GIS. We can also judge whether a Groundwater development project should be permitted through examining overlaps of th effects of the development and comparing with o pollutants. At the same time, the system has a feature of supporting Groundwater development and based designing through judging the proper amount of Groundwater in a new project. It is also possible to easily and quickly prepare charts and reports using the outputs of the system. Since a two-tiered system which shares DB using inter-and intranets is developed, all the departments in the ministry of agriculture and forest and the agriculture base corporation can share accurate, reliable and latest information related to Groundwater.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.2D
• /
• pp.247-253
• /
• 2011

In 2009, the Korean international construction industry showed a great performance, totaling 49.1 billion of contract and then this achievement has been considered a key milestone presenting that the international construction industry is one of the primary export industries of Korea. However, because of the construction firms' equalized levels of technology and price competitiveness, the competition among bidders is becoming more intensive. Moreover, this changing market circumstance leads construction firms to apply for bidding with the lowest price that could not meet the expected profitability of a project. Therefore, to develop various strategies based on project characteristics becomes one of the critical capabilities that construction firms should possess. Based on these motives, this study is aimed to investigate associations among number of bidders, contract award rate, profitability on international projects. For the correlation analysis, a set of data is structured by collecting all projects ranging from 1993 to 2009, excluding projects funded by official development and domestic funds. The number of bidders were grouped depending on project characteristics such as market regions, project types, bidding types, and order organization types. As the result of correlation analysis, contract award rate increases as the number of bidders increase, but the relationship between the number of bidders and profitability is negative. Understanding the correlations among variables can be employed in developing strategies to improve construction firms' competitiveness in the international construction market.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.157-157
• /
• 1994

원자력발전소 운영의 중추적 역할을 담당하고 있는 운전원과 발전소시스템 사이에서 발생하는 인간공학적 요인(인적요인)은 다중방호벽의 존재와 자동화 기술의 확대에도 불구하고 원전의 가동 성 및 안전성을 위협하는 최대의 요인이다. 최근 원자력발전소 시스템에 고도화된 전자공학 및 인공 지능기술 등이 반영되고 있는 추세이나 이러한 기술의 도입이 운전원과의 복합적 상호작용관점에서 원전의 안전성과 효율성에 적합한가를 실험적으로 평가할 수 있는 실험평가기술의 확보가 필요한 실정이다. 한국원자력연구소에서는 차세대 주제어실의 설계 및 평가를 위한 실험적 자료의 생성 및 설계 대안의 평가를 위한 기술확보라는 목적을 가지고 1992년도부터 수행하고 있다. 1992년도(1차년 도)에는 새로운 주제어실에서 실험적으로 평가해야 할 평가항목을 구체화하였고, 4년간의 연구추진 내용을 설정하였다. 기존의 원자력산업계에서 요구하고 있는 인가/허가 요건, 사업자요건서, 인간 공학분야에서 제기하고 있는 문제점 등을 분석하여 10개의 실험평가항목을 도출하였으며, 실험평가 항목을 실제로 실험을 통하여 연구하기 위한 장비 및 설비 그리고 소요기술 등을 고려하여 연구방향을 설정하였다. 1993년도(2차년도)에는 차세대 주제어실의 특징을 규명하고 실험연구의 대상시스템을 설정하였다. 설정된 대상시스템을 기능별로 분석하여 설계변수를 도출하였으며, 인간공학 실험실의 구축에 필수적인 원자력발전소 시뮬레이터의 기능요건 및 실험실의 구성요건 등을 개발하고 있다. 3차년도부터는 인간공학실험을 수행하면서 자료분석체계의 개발, 원전직무 시나리오의 개발, 측정방법의 개발, 인간공학 실험실의 설계, 구축 및 검증, 평가기법 연구, 실시간 자료수집체계의 개발 등을 수행할 예정이며, 연구종료시점인 1996년도(5차년도)에는 원자력발전소 주제어실의 인간공학적 평가를 위한 실험 환경의 구축 및 실험평가기술의 확립이라는 목표가 달성된다.하는 것으로 간주된다. 2. KR 53234 10mg/kg 정맥투여후의 최고혈중농도는 1.14ug/ml, 반감기는 0.50hr, 분포용적은 2.2L이었다. 20mg/kg 경구 투여시의 최소 혈중 농도는 0.33 ug/ml, 소실반감기는 1.5시간, AUC는 0.942ug.hr/ml, 분포용적 11L, Ka는 3.05 $hr^{－1}$ 그리고 Cl는 5.3L/hr/kg이었다. 이는 KR 53170에서와 같이 매우 적은량이 흡수되고 배설되었다. 3. KR 53170의 혈청단백 결합율은 5-500 ug/ml 범위에서 78.7-86.2%이었고 KR 53234의 혈청단백결합율은 5-100 ug/ml 범위에서 79.6-71.2%이었다.이었다.tic techniques, and we have recently cloned two of the major subunits; some of the data will be presented.LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shallow trap with 0.4[eV], in he amorphous regions.의 증발산율은 우기의 기상자료를 이용하여 구한 결과 0.05 - 0.10 mm/hr 의 범위로서 이로 인한 강우손실량은 큰 의미가 없음을 알았다.재발이 나타난 3례의 환자를 제외한 9례 (75%)에서는 현재까지 재발소견을 보이지 않고 있다. 이러한 결과는 다른 보고자들과 유사한 결과를 보이고 있

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.303-317
• /
• 2020

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) is an innovative treatment in chronic musculoskeletal pain management and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we surveyed the acoustic shock wave outputs from the domestically used focal type ESWT devices. The survey data were collected through 30 technical documents registered to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Rep. Korea. The results show that the focusing geometry varies largely, 5 mm to 65 mm in the focal length, 3 mm to 30 mm in focal width, and 4 mm to 108 mm in focal depth. The maximum positive pressure (P+) ranges from 7 MPa to 280 MPa, the focal Energy Flux Density (EFD) from 0.0035 mJ/㎟ to 35 mJ/㎟, and the energy per pulse (E) from 0.737 mJ to 80.86 mJ. All domestic PE-type (five) and one EM-type domestic devices included in the analysis of the correlation between P+ and EFD are shown to be far beyond the usual ranges and do not comply with expected correlation so that the reliability of their data was suspected. For the suspected, post-performance tests are required by a recognized testing agency. MFDS guidelines need to be revised so that the pass criteria for the shock wave acoustic outputs can be based on the clinical tests for indications.