• Title/Summary/Keyword: 향화

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Management of Naturalized Citizens from Yeozin and Its Limitation Through the Event of Guilsang(吉尙) in the Early 17th Century - Centering on 『Naturalization Registration』 (길상사건(吉尙事件)을 통해 본 17세기 초 향화호인(向化胡人) 관리 실태와 한계 - 『향화인등록(向化人謄錄)』을 중심으로 -)

  • Yi, Sun Hui
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.37
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    • pp.93-126
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    • 2009
  • This study is about a event, which happened on January of 1603 in Hamheung. It has covered from the beginning through the conclusion of the event. The event was ignited by a naturalized citizen, Guilsang's coming to the capital city without permission from the government. With this study I've wished to find the situations of specific management of naturalized citizens as well as popular attitudes towards them at the time. Concerning with the event of Guilsang, I could find more detailed situations from "Naturalization Registration". The reason why Guilsang came to Seoul was that he wanted to ask for living together with his son-in-law's family in Yang-Ju. Before his coming, Bie-Byun-Sa had sent a official letter to the governor of Hamkyung-Do so that he had had to move somewhere between Anbyun and Yung-heung. But Guilsang had wanted to live with his whole family in Seoul. The place he visited first was Sa-Yuk-Won. He presented his petition through Yeozin language translator there. Sa-Yuk-Won then informed Ye-Jo to have him investigated. After its investigation, Ye-Jo reported to the king. There were arguments about Guilsang family in the government. Guilsang had wanted to live with his whole family, including his relatives and son-in-law. Guilsang's request had more pros than cons in terms of humanism. But letting him live in Seoul was a difficult decision for the government. but his family strenuously insisted on living in Seoul, trying to kill itself. Finally Government selected Yong-In which was a compromise between the naturalized citizens' wish and difficult position of Government. Yong-In Miejo-Hyun was a poor region where naturalized citizens had lived before but now empty after the wars. In the process of the event of Guilsang, Government differentiated naturalized citizens from general citizens and regarded them foreign. A man from Yeozin was naturalized due to economic reason. But, he couldn't accept to live somewhere except Seoul, separating from his family. Government concerned with dangers of naturalized citizen becoming into foreign agents and stabilization of borders. These concerns caused the policy of residential control and decentralization of naturalized citizens failed.

방송통신 융합 서비스 기술동향

  • 오승준
    • Information and Communications Magazine
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.22-34
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    • 2004
  • 오디오, 비디오, 음성, 문자 등 모든 매체가 디지털화 되고 통신망의 고속화와 방송 서비스의 개인화 및 양방향화가 이루어짐에 따라 기존의 방송 서비스와 통신 서비스의 경계가 무너지고 두 가지 형태의 서비스가 융합되는 형태로 발전하고 있다. 방송통신 융합 서비스가 점차적으로 보편화 될 것으로 예상되어 이 분야에 대한 많은 연구와 제품이 개발되고 있다. 그리고 국제 표준화 활동에서도 방송통신이 융합된 형태의 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 기술 표준들이 제정되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 본 고에서는 향후 정보통신 서비스의 핵심 서비스가 될 것으로 예상되는 방송통신 융합 서비스 기술동향과 국제표준화 활동에서 추진되고 있는 관련 기술 표준화 동향 및 표준기반 방송통신 융합 서비스 사례와 연구사례를 살펴 보았다.

디지털 방송

  • 오승준
    • TTA Journal
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    • s.100
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    • pp.58-69
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    • 2005
  • 오디오, 비디오, 음성, 문자 등 모든 매체가 디지털화 되고 통신망의 고속화와 방송 서비스의 개인화 및 양방향화가 이루어짐에 따라 기존의 방송 서비스는 단방향에서 양방향으로 진화되고 있으며, 이를 위하여 디지털 통신 서비스와의 경계가 무너지고 두 가지 형태의 서비스가 융합되는 형태로 발전하고 있다. 멀티미디어 데이터 처리 기술, 디지털 정보통신 기술, 디지털 방송 기술 등과 관련된 분야에 대한 연구와 개발이 매우 활발하게 수행되고 있다. 그리고 국제 표준화 활동에서도 방송통신이 융합된 형태의 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 기술표준들이 제정되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 본 고에서는 향후 정보통신 서비스의 핵심 서비스가 될 것으로 예상되는 디지털 방송 서비스 기술동향과 국제표준화 활동에서 추진되고 있는 관련 기술 표준화 동향을 살펴보았다.

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위성디지탈방송의 기술적 조건

  • Korean Associaton of Information & Telecommunication
    • 정보화사회
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    • s.117
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    • pp.18-22
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    • 1997
  • 디지탈기술을 도입함으로써, 영상, 음성 등의 정보를 디지탈신호의 형태로 보낼 수 있을 뿐 아니라 고도의 다양한 방송기능이 추가되어, 방송시스템의 인테리전트화(고기능화, 다채널화, 쌍방향화)가 가능해진다. 이에 따라 방송미디어는 TV발명이래 최대의 도약이 가능해지며, 진전이 현저한 정보통신미디어 가운데에서, 앞으로 경쟁력강화를 꾀할 수 있게됨과 아울러 보다 풍요로운 국민생활 실현에 공헌할 것으로 기대할 수 잇다. 이를 실현하기 위해서는 디지탈 방송방식의 기술적조건의 기술적조건의 방향을 분명히함과 동시에, 디지탈화의 포텐셜을 최대한으로 발휘할 수 있는 방송, 방식을 채택하여, 앞으로의 기술개발성과 등을 유연하게 활용할 수 있는 발전성을 지닌 방송 인프라스트럭쳐를 구축함이 중요해진다.

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A Study on the Concept of 'Hyanghwa' of Chosun Dynasty (조선시대(朝鮮時代) '향화(向化)'개념에 대한 연구(硏究) - 『조선왕조실록(朝鮮王朝實錄)』을 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Seo, Geun-sik
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.37
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    • pp.7-31
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    • 2009
  • The word, 'Naturalization(向化)' is an unfamiliar term for us; however, to us as citizens who live in a multicultural society, it is a word worthy of hearty appreciation even once. At the present Korean dictionary, it has been defined as the word related to those terms such as Enlightenment(敎化) which are used to explicate the governance through a virtue of moral excellence(德治主義) of Confucianism, and the word, 'Hyanghwa(向化)' itself has already included the meaning of Enlightenment(敎化). On many occasions, people who were dubbed the converts or the naturalized citizens(向化人) emigrated to Chosun because there were such substantial reasons as economic and political advantages, rather than living in a society for reasons to the governance through a virtue of moral excellence(德治主義). Therefore, to understand the converts or the Naturalized citizens(向化人) correctly, it shall be required to examine the cause which is the governance through a virtue of moral excellence together with the true realities which are economic and political advantages. The word, such as Hwangjoin(皇朝人) should be considered in order to understand the meaning of 'Naturalization(向化)'. Hwangjoin(皇朝人) were those displaced people who had been forced to leave the fallen Ming Dynasty, and they will be contrasted with the converts or Naturalized citizens(向化人) that were mainly composed of the Northern tribes or Japanese. Actually, Naturalized citizens(向化人) and Hwangjoin(皇朝人) had all emigrated to Chosun because of changes in international affairs, meanwhile, however, they were treated differently for the reason that they were 'Hwai'(華夷). If we dub Chosun 'Self'(我), Naturalized citizens(向化人) and Hwangjoin(皇朝人) are equally called as 'The Other persons'(他者). Can we say that Chosun had established the right relationship with Other persons(他者)? Judging from the facts that there was occurrence of convert or naturalization for the other persons, dubbed Naturalized citizens(向化人) and that there was another occurrence of emigrants, called Hwangjoin(皇朝人), it is evident that the Relationships between the two had not rightly established. Also, the names so called Naturalized citizens(向化人) and Hwangjoin(皇朝人) were not given according to the preference of the other person, but provided by Chosun one-sidedly. The reasons for occurrence of convert or naturalization for the other persons, dubbed Naturalized citizens(向化人) and for occurrence of other emigrants, called Hwangjoin(皇朝人) were ideology such as 'Hwai'(華夷). It is thought that the Relationships between 'Self'(我) and 'The Other Person'(他者) can be established only after excluding ideology.

Research On Improving Renewable Power Trading Method (신재생에너지 전력 거래방법 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jae-Gyun;Yi, So-Mi
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2011.07a
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    • pp.1314-1315
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    • 2011
  • 태양광 발전설비 등을 포함한 신재생에너지원을 활용한 발전설비는 설치면적이 넓은 편이어서 도심 거주지역에는 대용량을 설치 하기가 힘들다. 따라서 원거리의 도서지역 등에 설치하는 것이 일반적으로, 발전설비를 보유한 사용자들의 실질적인 혜택을 위하여 발전설비를 통해 생산한 전력과 거주지 등에서 소비하는 전력을 실시간으로 관리할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 현재, 스마트 그리드에서는 실시간 요금제 및 전력의 양방향화를 통해 사용자들이 전력을 효율적으로 사용하는 방법에 대한 도입을 추진하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 각 사용자별 전력생산과 전력소비의 시간대별 관리를 수행하고, 효율적인 전력사용이 이뤄지도록 하여 신재생에너지원에서 발전된 전력을 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

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방송 시청 및 이용정보를 이용한 서비스

  • Lee, Dong-Hun;Kim, Hong-Ik;Lee, Jong-Han
    • Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.60-67
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    • 2014
  • 방송통신 기술의 발달과 스마트기기 보급의 확대로 데이터 생성방식은 다양화되고 있으며 그 양 또한 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 여러 산업분야에서 생성되는 데이터들을 활용하여 새로운 가치를 만들어 내기 위한 노력은 진행되고 있으며, 최근에는 새로운 부가가치 산업 영역으로 자리잡고 있다. 방송서비스도 디지털화와 쌍방향화가 진행되면서 시청자의 다양한 정보를 활용할 수 있는 환경적 기반을 가지고 있었으나 지금까지 관련산업의 제약들로 인해 서비스 활성화가 더디게 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 성숙기에 접어든 국내 방송산업에 새로운 모멘텀으로 빅데이터의 활용이 주목받게 되면서 다양한 서비스들이 시도되고 있다. 본고에서는 방송 시청정보를 활용해서 할 수 있는 응용서비스에 대해서 소개하고, CJ헬로비전이 시청데이터를 활용하여 상용화 한 안부 알리미 서비스에 대해 알아본다.

A study on the Prototype design for the activation of the exhibition-communication (전시커뮤니케이션 활성화를 위한 프로토타입 디자인 연구 - 전시 관람의 쌍방향 커뮤니케이션 활성화를 위한 연구)

  • Cho, Kyoung-Moon;An, So-Yeon;Choi, Yu-Jin;Ryoo, Han-Young
    • 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2008.02b
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2008
  • The current representative supporting tool for seeing an exhibition is PDA, which is an information provider that is being activated in famous galleries in the world. It has been successful in making spectators' traffic line for exhibition free and in Overcoming time and spatial restrictions, but it still provides uniform information. And the field of its activities is 'inside' of an exhibition hall so it has some limitations in terms of two-directional communication. In order to overcome such limitations, this study intends to deduce applications for the activation of continuous communication in the changing exhibition environment from before spectators see an exhibition to after they see an exhibition, to design a prototype, and further, to improve the level of the exhibition culture.

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A Study on the Sahyang and Characteristics of Naturalized Citizens in Early Chosun (조선초기 귀화인(歸化人)의 사향(賜鄕)과 특징)

  • Yim, Seon-bin
    • (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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    • no.37
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    • pp.63-91
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    • 2009
  • This study presents an investigation into the Sahyang process and activities of the individuals whose Sahyang(receiving Gwanhyang from the king) was confirmed in the Shilrok documents of early Chosun among naturalized citizens(Hyanghwains). In early Chosun, there were four Chinese(Oh Jin, Lee Min-do, Dang Seong, and Mae Woo) in the Sahyang cases with more of those cases found among Hoigol-in(Seol Jang-soo, an Uighur) and Oioa-guk nationality(Lee Hyeon) from the countries bordering on Western China and two Japanese(Pyeong Sun and Pi Sang-ui). They were naturalized from the reign of King Chungryeol of Goryeo to the first year of King Jeongjong's reign of Chosun. They were diverse to include the great grandfather, grandfather, and father of the individual that received Gwanhyang and himself. There were one case of Sahyang during the reign of King Taejo, four during the reign of King Taejong, one during the reign of King Sejong, and three during the reign of King Sejo. The Gwanhyang they received was wide spread across the nation including Gyerim, Imju, Haeju, Sangju, Milyang, Chungju, Changwon, Dongrae, and Taean. It's very likely that the place of Sahyang was Cheohyang. Many of those who received Gwanhyang were translators and achieved great feats in Chosun's diplomacy with Ming Dynasty and Japan. There were also those who worked in medicine, art of divination, and articles of a criminal code. Seol Jang-su, who passed the state exam of Chosun, was in charge of Jigonggeo, and Lee Min-do and Dang Seong made a contribution to the establishment of Chosun and became big or small meritorious retainers at the founding of Chosun. It's all thanks to those performances that they had the honor of Sahyang of receiving Gwanhyang. Although they were the Gwanhyang with the honor of Sahyang, there is no confirmation of the descendents of the Lee family of Imju, the Pyeong family of Changwon, and the Pi family of Dongrae. While the descendents of the naturalized Chinese still remain in the nation, those of naturalized Japanese ceased to exist, which must be closely related to Chosun's perceptions of other nations those days.

A Study on the Religiosity of Filial Piety Ethics in Daesoonjinrihoe (대순진리회의 효 윤리에 나타난 종교성 연구)

  • Cha, Seon-keun
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.27
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    • pp.171-200
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    • 2016
  • This paper will analyze the filial piety based ethics of Daesoonjinrihoe (大巡眞理會) and the traditional filial piety of Confucianism (儒敎), Buddhism (佛敎) and Taoism (道敎) through comparing and contrasting their unique systems. The traditional Korean ethics regarding filial piety are in great need of reformation as the relationship between the parents and children should not be vertical or unilateral but parallel and reciprocal. However, there have not been sufficient in-depth studies on this specific ideology and alternative approaches. Regarding this prospect, one representative Korean indigenous new religion, Daesoonjinrihoe has emerged and directly engages in the collision between traditionalism and modernity. The modernity of Daesoonjinrihoe, enables the observation of how the filial piety based ethics have developed within a system of doctrine and thereby provides an exemplary model of traditional filial piety reimagined in accordance with modern sensibilities. A brief summary of comparative findings is as follows: First, Daesoonjinrihoe and Confucianism have taken serving parents with respect as an ethic within filial piety, but Confucianism engenders this ideal through the unilateral and unconditional sacrifice of younger people based on patriarchal feudalism whereas Daesoonjinrihoe has rejected such unilateral sacrifice and instead promotes mutual beneficience between parents and children. This difference occurs, in part, due to the filial piety of Confucianism rising in the midst of the feudal order whereas the ideology of Daesoonjinrihoe contains ideals such as "the reciprocation of favor for mutual beneficence (報恩相生)" and "respect for humanity (人尊)," both of which serve as key principles of the new religious world as envisioned by Daesoonjinrihoe. Second, filial piety in Buddhism and Taoism tends to be passive and inactive and is often expressed by praying for happiness and longevity for one's parents while they are alive and later praying for the heavenly rebirth of one's parents after they die. The filial piety of Daesoonjinrihoe also partially contains such ideas, however; they are extended much further and arrive upon novel and profound expressions. The spectrum of the filial piety in Daesoonjinrihoe expands to the extent children perform actions to resolve their parent's sins and pave a new road for their parents. This filial piety requires a cultivation practice from both parents and children. This system of dual cultivation was established because the world-view of Daesoonjinrihoe enables both parents and children to enjoy happiness and wealth both of which are achieved through the completion of religious objectives following cultivation practice. Third, Confucianism and Daesoonjinrihoe hold memorial services for ancestors with sincerity as an expression of filial piety. Filial piety in the Confucian context excludes ideas from Shamanism and thereby memorial services are held for impersonal entities, however; in the Daesoonjinrihoe context, memorial services are held for personal-entities. Accordingly, holding a memorial service for ancestors with sincerity has a greater sense of realism in Daesoonjinrihoe than it does in Confucianism. Fourth, while Confucianism and Daesoonjinrihoe both aim to requite the grace received from ancestors, the contents of grace and reciprocation of favors (報恩) are viewed differently. In Confucianism, since the ancestors existed previously and bestowed the gift of life to their children and indirectly, all of their descendents. Therefore, memorial services for ancestors are held to convey gratitude and filial piety. However, in Daesoonjinrihoe, ancestors not only bestowed the gift of earthly life to their descendents, in the spirit realm, ancestral spirits also spend sixty years accumulating the merit necessary to imbue each of their descendents with spiritual insight. Consequently, filial piety is expressed through memorial services as well as spiritual cultivation. Fifth, in Confucianism, achieving the fame and prestige indicative of success in the mundane world can be an act of filial piety as it would bring pride to one's ancestors, but in Daesoonjinrihoe, succeeding in religious objectives through spiritual cultivation is considered to be a higher form of filial piety. Sixth, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism all observe filial piety as system of familial ethics based in morality. This is likewise true of Daesoonjinrihoe, however; Daesoonjinrihoe confers greater importance on filial piety as an essential form of ethics for religious redemption. This is due to the Daesoon interpretation that the absence of filial piety was the direct cause which led to the sickened state of the world and its collapse. Forgetting the grace of parents who have given the gift of life or the grace of ancestral spirits who have accumulated merit on behalf of their descendents are acts of ingratitude which are unacceptable during the period of Reordering of the Universe. Judging from these findings, Daesoonjinrihoe embraces parts of traditional filial piety as it exists in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, but it does so on the ground of its own unique culture. Through re-interpretation and re-creation, ideas regarding filial piety are being further developed. Namely, filial piety in Daesoonjinrihoe is regulations founded upon the reciprocation of favors for mutual beneficence and respect for humanity. Therefore, it is understood as a concept wherein one's own cultivation practice is performed in order to reach religious objectives, the perfection of personal character, and spiritual insight. This requires that even recipents of filial piety (i.e., parents) perform certain cultivation practices to enjoy happiness and wealth. Additionally, filial piety in Daesoonjinrihoe manifests a reinforced religious character and also serves as a system ethics which is soteriologically essential for salvation during the period known as the Reordering of the Universe.