• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

Display technology has recently made enormous progress. In particular, display companies are competing each other to develop flexible display. Curved display, as a precursor of flexible display, are now used for smart phones and TVs. Curved monitors have been just introduced in the market, and are used for office work or entertainment. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the curvature of a 42" multi-monitor affects postural control when it is used for entertainment purpose. The current study used two curvature levels (flat and 600mm). Ten college students [mean(SD) age = 20.9 (1.5)] with at least 20/25 visual acuity, and without color blindness and musculoskeletal disorders participated in this study. In a typical VDT environment, each participant played a car racing video game using a steering wheel and pedals for 30 minutes at each curvature level. During the video game, a pressure mat on the seat pan measured the participant's COP (Center of Pressure), and from which four measures (Mean Velocity, Median Power Frequency, Root-Mean-Square Distance, and 95% Confidence Ellipse Area) were derived. A larger AP (Anterior-Posterior) RMS distance was observed in the flat condition, indicating more forward-backward upper body movements. It can be partly due to more variability in visual distance across display, and hence longer ocular accommodation time in the case of the flat display. In addition, a different level of presence or attention between two curvature conditions can lead to such a difference. Any potential effect of such a behavioral change by display curvature on musculoskeletal disorders should be further investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.263-284
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of game-centered empathy training on the prosocial behaviors of elementary schoolers in a bid to suggest how their prosocial behaviors could be boosted. The research questions were posed as below: 1. Does game-based empathy training improve the overall empathy of school children? 2. Does game-based empathy training have a better effect on the cognitive empathy of school children or their emotional empathy? 3. Does game-based empathy training enhance the prosocial behaviors of school children? The subjects in this study were 62 children in their fourth year of D elementary school in Eumseong-gun, north Chungcheong province. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group, and a survey was conducted before and after the experimental group under-went empathy training for about six weeks. The instrument used in this study was David(1980)'s Interpersonal Reactivity Index adopted by Park Sung-hee(1996) to suit school children. Another instrument was Park Sung-hee (1997)'s inventory to assess the prosocial behaviors of children. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 for Windows program, and reliability analysis and t-test were employed. The findings of the study were as follows: First, as for the effects of the game-based empathy training on the overall empathy of the elementary school youngsters that included both emotional and cognitive empathy, both groups got lower scores in posttest than in pretest. The experiment produced unexpected results, as the experimental group got significantly lower scores. This fact indicated that the game-based empathy training was ineffective. Second, the game-centered empathy training didn't exercise any influences on their cognitive and emotional empathy. The experiment had a reverse impact on the cognitive and emotional empathy of the experimental group, which implied that the training served as a factor to deteriorate the two types of empathy, and the hypothesis posed in this study was rejected. Therefore, which type of empathy could make a better progress by being exposed to the training couldn't definitely be determined. Third, the game-based empathy training didn't serve to Improve the prosocial behaviors of the elementary schoolers. There was no change in the experimental group, and this fact signified that there's something wrong with the attempt to develop school children's empathy to step up their prosocial behaviors. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the following conclusion was reached: First, the game-centered empathy training had no effects on boosting the overall empathy of the school children. Second, the game-centered empathy training couldn't be said to be effective in improving either cognitive empathy or emotional one. From a viewpoint of relativity, that could be said to affect emotional empathy more than cognitive one. Third, the game-based empathy training wasn't effective in improving prosocial behaviors. Rather, that resulted in interrupting the promotion of prosocial behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.131-143
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• 2000

This research aims to examine the pro-environmental food consumption behavior of two groups; the housekeepers and the restaurant cooks. The rationale for choosing these groups as target of research lies in the fact that they are expected to be the most active subject for enhancing the desirable culture of food consumption, through their close involvement in the whole process of food consumption in society. This study assumes the four areas of activity to be the meaningful categories in the investigation of the pro-environmental food consumption behaviour; planning of menu and purchasing the food materials, cooking, eating, and disposal of the leftover. By using these four categories, we attempt to provide with the empirical typology of pro-environmental food consumption behaviour and the analysis of the relations of it with socio-demographical variables. Their pro-environmental behaviors are divided into four types: $\circled1$ The positive awareness of pro-environmental cooking and eating, $\circled2$ The positive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption behavior, $\circled3$ The passive awareness of pro-environmental cooking and eating, $\circled4$ The passive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption behavior. There is no significant difference among the numbers of the cases that belong to each behavioral type. Seen in overall, however, we can say that the larger number of the cases belong to the passive type of behavior. Two socio-demographical variables of tole housekeepers and the restaurant cooks show significant corelations with the behavioral types of pro-environmental food consumption with the confidence level P<0.05, but there is no significant co-relations in other variables like gender, marital status, age, income, Engel coefficient, education. We also found that there is no great gap between the housekeepers and the restaurant cooks in their positive awareness of pro-environmental food consumption, the percentage of each group belonging to the type being 51.9% and 48.1%, respectively, but that the former shows much greater number than the latter in belonging to the passive awareness type of the pro-environmental food consumption, 75.3% and 24.7%, respectively. Although the restaurant cooks can be said to be more ego-friendly than the housekeepers, if we consider the rapidly growing trend of outgoing-diner, more efforts should be exerted to develop the education and advertisement program for enhancing the restaurant cook's pro-environmental awareness and propagating the desirable food consumption cloture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.74-85
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• 2012

As competition increases, ski resort managers need to search for ways to attract previous visitors or to gain new visitors through word-of-mouth. This study examined the impact of skiers' perceived value, satisfaction and self-congruity on the revisit intention and the positive word-af-mouth intention. Total respondents were also segmented into a promotion-focus and prevention-focus individuals then later examined the differences in the effect of independent variables between groups in order to suggest a managerial direction that will enhance business competency of ski resorts. Results from regression analysis showed that all independent variables utilized in this study were good predictors of two dependent variables. Specially, satisfaction was a highly significant predictor. Promotion and prevention-focused individuals were also differed in evaluating the importance of independent variables for their revisit and word-of-mouth intention. It means that self-regulatory focus is an effective variable for segmentation. More specifically, satisfaction was the only variable influencing the revisit intention for promotion-focused individuals; whereas both satisfaction and self-congruity had significant effects on the revisit intention for prevention-focused individuals. All independent variables had significant effects on the word-of-mouth intention, except self-congruity for promotion-focused individuals. This research suggests several managerial implications on the findings based on the analysis and the characteristics of the visitors.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 1988

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of arsenic(As) added to soil on the number of roots, root diameter, root length and root tissue of the rice plant. The results obtained were as follows: Higher As levels in soil remarkably reduced not only the number of roots, root length and root diameter, but also the diameter of the central cylinder, the route of the water and inor ganic nutrients of the roots. When arsenic was treated in soil, abnormal cells in the cortex of rice root were developed and considerably increased with higher As levels in the soil. These were only observed in the middle and upper parts of root segments except root tips and they looked like rice roots without epidermis in shape. Therefore, the occurrence of the abnormal cells in the root was attributed to high arsenic accumulation in the root. Its mechanism is not clear. However, it is assumed that the abnormal cells had occurred to compensate for lower amount of water and inorganic nutrient absorption by the injured rice root or self-defense against the penetration of arsenic within the rice root.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2017

With the development of information technology, users are provided with information they want through mobile device in various situations. When users communicate with information, there is interaction through gesture activities such as tapping and experience in the process. Experience through interaction in mobile affect the user's psychology. This is important because it is related to the behavior of the user in the future. Various types of information presentation methods have been researched in mobile environment. However, there are more research focusing on functional interactivity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of interaction and usage mode on satisfaction, usefulness, and intention to use for sound text presentation that is user-centered. As variables for my study, there are two factors which are interactivity and usage mode. The interactivity type is composed of two ways that are: High and Low depending on modality and message interactivity; and the usage mode is composed of Action mode and Goal mode depending on whether user has a task or not. The experimental design is $2{\times}2$. The same content is provided in (a) only Modality interactivity, and (b) Modality and Message interactivity are provided. Depending on usage mode, (a) Action mode is processed without a specific task, and (b) Goal mode is performed with a specific task to participants. The experimental study demonstrated that there is a difference in satisfaction, usefulness, and intention to use depending on the difference of interaction and usage mode when providing information in mobile environment. The results of this study are summarized as follows: interaction and usage mode have significant influence on mobile user's satisfaction, usefulness, intention to use.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.206-213
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• 2013

This study aims at finding which change there is of oral health promotion as investigating the oral health status in quality, diagnosing which effects knowledge and attitude of oral health has before and after the oral health education as developing and conducting the oral health education program for international marriage migrant women to form their oral health belief for improving oral health. This study consisted of each 51 of the experimental group and the controlled group at the multi-cultural family support center from $26^{th}$ of March, 2012 to $30^{th}$ of June, 2012 as the subjects, and pre-to-post investigated knowledge of oral and cognition. Also as it took follow-up examination of the clients who visited to the dentist with changing of their cognition, conducted matched-pair sample t-test and analysis of repeated measure variance. As the result, there were always the changes at the field of knowledge about oral, periodontal disease and toothbrush in awareness of oral health, and at the field of periodontal disease, dental caries, toothbrush, fluorine and bad breath in knowledge of oral health. The change of DMFT index, DT index has been reduced and FT index has been increased. As the result above, the oral health education program for international marriage migrant women has led to change awareness of oral health and knowledge, and the change of knowledge has influenced to a behavior, so there were the changes of periodontal status and DMFT index as well. This has been showing the importance of the program for oral health of international marriage migrant women. Moreover, while the oral health education program is developed in various aspects by offering the information for developing the oral health education program in future, it needs to run parallel prevention with treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.484-492
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of internal organizational culture attributes on job performance and job satisfaction. Data collection was conducted from December 8, 2014 to December 20, 2014 through a self-enforced questionnaire at 500 general hospitals in Gyeonggi-do. First, the organizational cultural attributes of hospitals had a statistically significant effect on job performance. Second, organizational cultural attributes had a statistically significant effect on job satisfaction. Third, job performance had a statistically significant effect on job satisfaction. For communication, organizational development and the future of the organization as well as organizational attributes and systems of the organization were shown to increase job performance and job satisfaction, communication with seniors and colleagues, roles, and responsibilities between departments. Organizational culture had more organizational attributes than individual ones, which affects the work and behavior of the organization members. Therefore, in order to survive competition, hospitals require accurate diagnosis of hospital organization culture, maximize effectiveness of organization culture, and a desirable hospital culture. In addition, management should provide employees with a clear mid- to long-term vision to ensure that the objectives of the hospital and the goals they pursue are consistent.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.2 s.99
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• pp.111-122
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• 2006

As VOD service over the Internet becomes popular, a large sealable VOD system in P2P streaming environment has become increasing important. In this paper, we propose a new proxy caching scheme, called P2Proxy, to replace the traditional proxy with a sealable P2P proxy in P2P streaming environment. In the proposed scheme, each client in a group stores a different part of the stream from a server into its local buffer and then uses a group of clients as a proxy. Each client receives the request stream from other clients as long as the parts of the stream are available in the client group. The only missing parts of the stream which are not in the client group are directly received from the server. We represent the caching process between clients in a group and a server and then describe a group creation process. This paper proposes the directory structure to share the caching information among clients. By using the directory information, we minimize message exchange overload for a stream caching and playing. We also propose a recovery method for failures about the irregular behavior of P2P clients. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme and compare the performance with the existing P2P streaming systems.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is a random-controlled post-design for confirmation of headache degree, quality of life, and satisfaction to therapeutical effect on chronic headache adults after management of non-medicinal treatment (acupuncture therapy and stellate ganglion block therapy). Methods : 51 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questioutaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as chronic headache patients. The qualified patients were classified in to two groups, acupuncture group (AT group, n=28) and stellate ganglion block group (SGB group, n=23). Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 4 weeks. The effects of both groups were analyzed using VAS scores, BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) and the satisfaction degree to the therapy. Results : 1. The recognized score of the headache of AT group and SGB group was reduced indicating the degree of the headache was released. 2. The recognition at damage to the quality of life was reduced post therapy of AT group and SGB group, in which general activity, mood, enjoyment of life, personal relationship, and sleeping showed significant improvement of life quality, 3. The satisfaction degree to the therapy showed lower score than expectation to it in AT group and SGB group, however, it was not significant. Conclusions : The results showed that the four-week non-medicinal treatment (AT and SGB) in chronic headache patients was effective for reducing headache and releasing its damage in daily life, however, no difference in superiority was found. Therefore, non-medicinal treatment (AT therapy and SGB) could be utilized in chronic headache patients.