• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2023

This study measured the signal intensity (SI) of the hippocampus in relation to memory via fMRI analysis of 3 types of radiology symbols, 3 types of nuclear medicine symbols, and 3 types of oncology symbols among the most commonly employed medical symbols in hospitals. The following are the conclusions of the study. result of analyzing the SI values for symbol 1, symbol 2, and symbol 3 of the radiology, nuclear medicine, and oncology departments, symbol 3 had the highest SI value (1.72 ± 0.56) in radiology, symbol 2 had the highest SI value (1.69 ± 0.64) in nuclear medicine, and symbol 2 had the highest SI value (1.64 ± 0.63) in oncology. The overall mean of radiology, nuclear medicine, and oncology symbols was 1.62 ± 0.60 for nuclear medicine, 1.61 ± 0.59 for oncology, and 1.49 ± 0.49 for radiology. According to the overall SI measurement results, symbol 3 in radiology, symbol 2 in nuclear medicine, and symbol 2 in oncology were confirmed to have high SI values. If symbols with high SI values are used in a hospital, it is believed to be beneficial for navigating in any hospital.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.29-34
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• 2021

Purpose Sample reception environment system in nuclear medicine has not changed much compared to 20 years ago. When preparing sample for in vitro test, there was no significant change because the test was carried out by generating an own specimen from the parent specimen. In this study, We would like to introduce a method that automatically removes the sample cap using the automated decapper equipment and enables automatic reception at the same time. In addition, including a provisional reception system. Materials and Methods In 2019, it was intended to get a device that automatically removes the cap of a patient's blood sample. This equipment is the same as the equipment used in the Department of Laboratory Medicine (Vacuette Ⓡ Unicap Belt Decapper, Greiner bio-one, Austria). However, the purchase was delayed due to differences in tube size, budget, and space. In January 2020, we borrowed domestic automatic decapper equipment and modified it to suit our laboratory environment. After 9 months, we were able to introduce a system that automatically removes the lid of a patient's blood sample and at the same time automatically accepts the test. And, through the provisional reception system, it was possible to know the arrival of the specimen in a short time. Results With the use of an automatic decapper device, the sample cap was automatically removed, and the reception proceeded at the same time. So, it was very efficient at work because it shortened the sample preparation time by about 20 minutes. In addition, it was possible to prevent the examiner's musculoskeletal disorders caused by repeated wrist use. After using the provisional reception system, patients were able to be discharged quickly, and the number of phone calls to confirm the arrival of samples was reduced. Conclusion Most hospitals have about four employees in the nuclear medicine in vitro laboratory. It is effective to use automatic decapper equipment and a provisional reception system for organizations that perform work with the minimum number of personnel.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, Department of Nuclear Medicine have an interest in Video Display Terminals (VDT) syndrome including musculoskeletal disorders, ophthalmologic disorders, trouble of electromagnetic waves and stress disorders occur to VDT workers as the growing number of users and rapid pace of service period supply in large amount. This study research on the actual condition for VDT syndrome in Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), discover the problem and draw a plan of upcoming improvement. The aim of this study establish awareness about VDT syndrome and is to prevent for it in the long run. Materials and Methods: Department of Nuclear Medicine, SNUH is composed Principle part, Pediatric part and PET center. We estimated risk factors visit in each part directly. Estimation method use "Check list for VDT work" of Wonjin working environment health laboratory and check list is condition of VDT work, condition of work tables, condition of chairs, condition of keyboards, condition of monitors, working position, character of health management and other working environment. Analysis result is verified in Department of Occupational and Environment, Hallym University Sacred Heard Hospital. Results: As a result of analysis, VDT condition of Department of Nuclear Medicine, SNUH is rule good. In case of work tables, recent of things are suitable to users upon the ergonomical planning, but 15% of existing work tables are below the standard value. In case of chairs are suitable, but 5% of theirs lost optimum capacity become superannuated. The keyboards are suitable for 98% of standard value. In case of monitors, angle control of screen is possible of all, but positioning control is impossible for 38%. In case of working position, 10% is fixed positioning for long time and some of the items researched unsuitable things for standard. At health management point, needed capable of improvement. Also, other working condition as lighting, temperature, noise and ventilation, discovered the problem, but is sufficient to advice value. Conclusion: VDT syndrome is occurrences of possibility continuously, come economical expensive about improvement, is inherent in various causes and originate without your knowledge. So, there is need systematic management system. In Nuclear Medicine, VDT syndrome make it better that constant interest and effort as improvement of ergonomical working environment, improvement of working procedure, regular exercise and steady stretching, and can be prevented fairly. This promote physical and mental condition of worker in top form in comfortable working environment, so this is judged by enlargement of operations efficiency and rising of satisfaction ratings of the inside client.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2022

Purpose When performing a whole-body bone scan, many patients are experiencing psychological difficulties due to the close distance to the detector. Recently, in the medical field, there is a report that using virtual reality (VR) equipment can give pain relief to pediatric patients with weak concentration or patients receiving severe treatment through a distraction method. Therefore, in this paper, VR equipment was used to provide psychological stability to patients during nuclear medicine tests, and it is intended to evaluate whether it can be used in clinical practice. Materials and Methods As VR equipment, ALLIP Z6 VR (ALLIP, Korea) was used and the experiment was conducted after connecting to a mobile phone. The subjects were 30 patients who underwent whole-body bone examination from September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021. After intravenous injection of 99mTc-HDP, 3 to 6 hours later, VR equipment was put on and whole body images were obtained. After the test, a survey was conducted, and a Likert scale of 5 points was used for psychological anxiety and satisfaction with VR equipment. Hypothesis verification and reliability of the survey were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25 (IBM, Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Anxiety about the existing whole-body bone test was 3.03±1.53, whereas that of anxiety after wearing VR equipment was 2.0±1.21, indicating that anxiety decreased to 34%. When regression analysis of the effect of the patient's concentration on VR equipment on anxiety about the test, the B value was 0.750 (P<0.01) and the t value was 6.181 (P<0.01). decreased and showed an influence of 75%. In addition, overall satisfaction with VR equipment was 3.76±1.28, and the intention to reuse was 66%. The Cronbach α value of the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.901. Conclusion When using VR equipment, patients' attention was dispersed, anxiety was reduced, and psychological stability was found. In the future, as VR equipment technology develops, it is thought that if the equipment can be miniaturized and the resolution of VR content images is increased, it can be used in various clinical settings if it provides more realistic stability to the patient.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2007

In this paper, We are evaluated about bio-signal between general workers and nuclear medicine workers which is more radiation exposure relatively. In order to reciprocal evaluated two group, we experimented nuclear medicine workers in Chung-Buk National University Hospital at department of nuclear medicine and worker in Chon-Nam National University Hospital at CT room, general radiographic room, medical recording room, receipt room, general office room. Used of experimental Equipments as follows, for a level of radiation measurement by pocket dosimeter which made by Arrow-Tech company, for heart rate and blood pressure measurement by TONOPORT V which made by GE medical systems company, for heat flux and skin temperature and energy expenditure measurement by Armband senseware 2000 which made by Bodymedia company. Result of experiment obtains as follows: 1) Individual radiation exposure is recorded 3.05 uSv at department of nuclear medicine and order as follows CT room, general radiograpic room, medical recording room, receipt room, general office room. Department of nuclear medicine more 1.5 times than other places. 2) Radiation accumulated dose is not related to Heat flux, Skin temperature, Energy expenditure. 3) Blood pressure is recorded equal to nuclear medical workers, general officer, general people about systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Compared to blood pressure between nuclear medical works which is more radiation exposure and other workers was not changed. Consequently, more radiation exposed workers at nuclear medicine field doesn't have hazard.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

Purpose The concentration of PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) after radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients is a predictor of biochemical recurrence, and the AUA (American Urological Association) is defined as biochemical recurrence when the concentration of PSA is measured at 0.2 ng/mL or more, and when the concentration is measured at 0.2 ng/mL or more at the retest. This standard is also applied our hospital. In this laboratory, the PSA reagent using IRMA (Immunoradiometric Assay) is used, and the sensitivity at a very low value was not as good as the reagent used in the department of laboratory medicine. This study aims to increase the reliability of the results by improving the precision and sensitivity of very low values. Materials and Methods As a reagent for the study, PSA reagent using IRMA was used. As a method to improve the precision and sensitivity of very low values, a variation method on the serum volume(25 uL, 50 uL, 100 uL, 200 uL) was studied, and variation usefulness evaluation was conducted. The evaluation items were compared the results of precision, analytical sensitivity, recovery rate, dilution test, high-dose hook effect test, parallel test and very low concentration values(n = 20). Results The validation results were displayed in the order of 25 uL, 50 uL, 100 uL, 200 uL. As the serum volume increased, it was confirmed that CV (Coefficient of Variation)(%) improved. Analytical sensitivity(ng/mL) was 0.038, 0.041, 0.017, 0.015 and recovery rate(%) was 101±3, 101±3, 99±2, 97±4. very low concentration values(ng/mL) between each volume(n=20) were 0.135±0.068, 0.076±0.050, 0.048±0.034, 0.046±0.034. and high dose hook effect appeared as the serum volume increased. Conclusion Through the variation usefulness evaluation, it was confirmed that as the serum volume increased, the precision and sensitivity improved at very low concentration values. However, it is necessary to pay special attention to the occurrence of high-dose hook effect as the serum volume increases. In the case of tests that requires very low concentration values, it is thought that the reliability of the result will be increased if the variation method is properly used after the variation usefulness evaluation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to identify SUV, SNR, spatial resolution, and axial uniformity under the same reconstruction conditions and to find out the differences between equipment models. Materials and Methods: The equipment was GE's Discovery 600, 710, IQ, MI(GE Healthcare, USA), and the Phantom used ACR(American College of Radiology) Flangeless Esser Phantom and PET/SPECT Performance Phantom. The PET/SPECT Performance Phantom injected 18F-FDG at a concentration of 3.8 kBq/mL, and the ACR Flangeless Esser Phantom made the conditions for Hot Spot and Background activity for 4 : 1. Image evaluation was compared and evaluated for SUV, SNR, spatial resolution, and axial uniformity with the same reconstruction that added SharpIR of VPHD. Results: The SUV_max showed a difference up to 4.6% with an average of 2.71, 2.35, 1.89, and 1.43 from Hot Spot 1 to 4, and the SUV_mean showed a difference up to 4.7% with 2.06, 1.75, 1.49, and 1.27. There was a difference up to 5% between equipment, and there was no significant difference between both SUV_max and SUV_mean. SNR showed a difference up to 0.04 with an average of 0.37, 0.26, 0.18, and 0.11. FWHM showed a difference up to 0.27. Lastly, COV of axial uniformity was up to 0.018. Conclusion: SUV showed differences within 5% between equipment and showed no significant difference. This is considered to be used as basic data that can be used for the development and replacement of equipment because it has the advantage of being able to observe with a large number of equipment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2024

Purpose: CA 19-9 is the most widely used tumor marker for the diagnosis of digestive system tumor, especially pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. This study was conducted to improve the result value near reference range by comparing the reagents of CA 19-9 one step method and two step method. In addition, it was intended to establish a standard for selecting reagents. Material and Methods: 120 patients who visited the National Cancer Center in 2023 were selected as subjects for this study. The reagents used in the study were CA 19-9 IRMA kits (Shinjin, Korea) and three types of reagents were compared. Two step method reagent that is currently being used (A), one step method reagent (B) and two step method reagent improved by request (C) were compared and regression analysis was performed on their data. And we also performed recovery test, linearity test and hook effect test for each reagent. Result: There were 46 cases of reagent B in which the concentration value was lower than the result measured in reagent A that was previously used, and 77 cases of reagent C. As a result of regression analysis of reagents A, B, and C, the coefficients of determination of reagents A and B, reagents A and C, and reagents B and C were 0.653, 0.577, and 0.875. In the recovery rate test and the linearity test, the results of all reagents were good, and in the hook effect test, reagent B showed a hook effect at a low value. Conclusion: The improved reagent C appears to have been improved based on the concentration value of reagent B, which the manufacturer judged to be more stable at low concentrations. The hook effect in reagent B can be a fatal reason for disqualification when selecting reagents in general patient samples which high-concentration samples appear frequently. The first improved reagent C will be able to be used once it is confirmed that it has more stability for various concentration values.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 1996

갈륨스캔은 여러 종류의 염증성 질환 및 종양을 발견하기 위해 사용되고 있다. 특히 림프종은 갈륨스캔에서 양성율이 비교적 높은 종양으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 기존의 평면 영상만으로는 작은 크기의 종괴나 다른 장기에 의해 가려져 있는 경우에 위음성 결과를 보일 수 있었다. 최근 단일광자 방출 전산화 단층촬영(SPCET)을 도입하여 평면영상에 비해 더 나은 공간해상력으로 많은 정보를 얻고 있다. 저자들은 비호지킨 림프종 환자 30명을 대상으로 갈륨스캔 평면영상과 SPECT 영상을 얻어 비교하였다. 병변의 부위별로 두경부, 흉부, 복부에서 평면영상의 예민도는 각각 71%, 73%, 81%였으며, SPECT 영상의 예민도는 91%, 93%, 96%였다. CT 등 방사선학적 검사소견과 임상소견을 기준으로 하였을 때 위음성율은 평면영상의 경우 24%, SPECT 6.5%였다. 장의 방사능으로 인한 섭취와 폐문부 및 침샘의 비대칭적 섭취로 인한 위양성례가 4예 있었다. 결론적으로 비호지킨 림프종의 진단 및 병기를 결정하는데 있어서 갈륨스캔이 유용하며, SPCET 영상을 얻음으로써 더 나은 해부학적 위치 및 정확한 범위를 보여 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Radioisotope journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2002