• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2007

We investigated the undulation of Moho depth and the crustal structure of the continental margin in the East Sea along the Korea Peninsula from inversion and modelling using potential data and previous seismic results. Free-air gravity anomalies generally reflect topography effect. Bouguer gravity anomalies increase toward the Ulleung Basin, indicating that Moho depth is shallower under the Ulleung Basin. Positive magnetic anomalies exist along the continental margin and decrease toward the Ulleung Basin. In analytic signal, the small anomaly in the Hupo Bank infers that the Hupo Bank is uplifted by igneous intrusion and the strong anomaly on the continental slope denotes existence of SDR(seaward dipping reflectors), which are in accordance with the location of SDR detected in previous seismic studies. The inversion result of Bouguer gravity anomaly and the 2-dimensional gravity modelling indicate that the undulation of Moho depth shallows from the continental shelf toward the Ulleung Basin. This is in good agreement with the Moho depth calculated by the previous seismic velocity model using ocean bottom seismometer(OBS). The 2-dimensional gravity modelling infers magmatic underplating zone under the lower continental crust on the continental margin of the East Sea, indicating the possible rifiting of the continental margin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.339-342
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• 2003

Sea level variations and sea surface circulations inthe Korean seas were observed by Topex/Poseidon altimeter data from 1993 through 1997. In sea level variations, the West and South Sea showed relatively high variations with comparison to the East Sea. Then, the northern and southern area in the West Sea showed the range of 20-30cm and 18-24cm, and the northern west of Jeju island and the southern west of Tsushima island in the South Sea showed the range of 15-20cm and 10-15cm, respectively. High variations in the West Sea was results to the inflow in sea surface of Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) and bottom topography. Sea level variations in the South Sea was due to two branch currents (Jeju Warm Current and East Korea Warm Current) originated from Kuroshio Current (KC). In sea surface circulations, there existed remarkably three eddies circulations in the East Sea that are mainly connected with North Korea Cold Current (NKCC), East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) and Tushima Warm Current (TWC). Their eddies are caused basically to the influence of currents in sea surface circulations; Cyclone (0.03 cm/sec) in the Wonsan bay on shore with NKCC, and anticyclone (0.06 cm/sec) in the southwestern area of Ulleung island with EKWC, and cyclone (0.01 cm/set) in the northeastern area of Tushima island with TWC, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.387-387
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• 2019

우리나라는 최근 10년간 자연재난 중 호우로 인해 인명피해 약 120명, 재산피해 약 1조 4천억원을 기록하였으며, 또한 기후변화로 인해 강한 국지성 집중호우의 발생빈도가 높아질 것으로 예상됨에 따라 호우에 의한 침수피해가 증가될 것으로 예상된다. 특히 본 연구 대상지역인 인천시의 경우 도시화로 인해 인구밀도 및 불투수지역이 증가함에 따라 침수피해가 대형화되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인천시와 같은 도심지역에서의 침수발생을 사전에 예측하고 침수발생에 대한 대비 대응을 위해 하수관망 해석을 위한 SWMM 모델과 침수해석을 위한 2DIS 모델을 연계하여 인천시 침수심 생산체계를 구축하고자 한다. 본 연구에 적용한 침수심 생산과정은 크게 강우자료 생산, 유역 및 하수관망 해석, 침수 해석 등 총 3단계 과정으로 구성된다. 강우자료 생산과정에서는 유역 및 하수관망 해석과 침수 해석을 위한 10분 단위 유역평균 강우량자료를 생산한다. 유역 및 하수관망 해석과정에서는 지형자료 및 강우자료를 이용하여 SWMM 모델을 통해 맨홀에서의 월류량 자료를 생산한다. 마지막으로 침수해석과정에서는 지형자료와 함께 앞서 두 과정을 통해 생산된 강우 및 맨홀 월류량 자료를 입력자료로 하여 2DIS 모델을 통해 10분 단위의 시계열 침수심 정보 및 격자별 최대 침수심정보를 생산한다. 본 연구에서의 공간해상도는 도심지역의 도로단위 고해상도 침수심 정보 생산을 위해 6m 단위로 하였으며, 시간해상도는 단시간에 발생하는 도심지역의 침수특성 반영을 위해 10분으로 하였다. 또한, 침수발생 시 발생한 강우의 지표흐름 영향을 반영하기 위해 빗물받이효율 변화에 다른 침수심을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 모의 침수심 결과를 실제 침수피해사례 및 풍수해저감종합계획 결과와 비교하였으며, 다수 지역에서 실제 침수발생지역과 동일하게 침수가 발생한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전체적인 침수 양상이 유사하게 발생함을 확인하였다. 향후 관측자료를 이용한 하수관망 및 침수해석 모델의 최적화, 하천유량 예측을 통한 하류 기점수위의 반영 등을 통해 정확도를 개선할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 이를 통해 인천시 침수발생을 사전에 예측하여 침수피해에 대비 및 대응과 침수피해 발생 시 정확하고 상세한 원인 분석 및 예측이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.337-350
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• 2010

This study conducted sedimentological and geophysical surveys for 3 years (2006-2008) in southern Gyeonggi Bay, Korea to elucidate temporal changes in subaqueous dune morphology on a sand ridge trending northeast to southwest that has been excavated by marine sand mining. The sand ridge (~20 m in height, ~2 km in width and 3~4 km in length) has a steep slope on the NW side and a gentle slope on the SE side, creating an asymmetric profile. Large (10~100 m in length) and very large (>100 m in length) dunes occurring on the SE side of the ridge show a northeastward asymmetrical shape, whereas dunes on the NW side destroyed by marine sand mining display a southwestward asymmetry. The comparison between Flemming (1988)'s correlation and the height-length correlation of this study indicates that tidal current and availability of sand sediment are major controlling factors to the development and maintenance of dunes. Depth and sedimentary characteristics (grain size) are not likely to be major controlling factors, but indirectly influence dune growth by hydrological and sedimentary processes. The length and the height of dunes decrease toward the southeastern trough away from the crest of the ridge. These features result from the decrease of tidal current and sediment availability. The length and the height of dunes on the southeast side decrease gradually over time. This is a result of the interaction between tidal current and the decrease in sediment availability due to sediment extraction by marine sand mining. Marine sand mining has destroyed the dunes directly, causing irregular shapes of shorter length and lower height. The coarse fraction of suspended sediments is transported and deposited very close to the sand pit. By contrast, relatively fine sediments are transported by the tidal current and deposited over a wide range by the settling-lag effect, resulting in a decrease of sediment grain size in the area where suspended sediments are deposited. In addition, marine sand mining, decreases the height of dunes. Therefore, morphological and sedimentological characteristics of dunes around the sand pits will be significantly changed by future sand mining activities.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 1999

The satellite image acquired by RADARSAT SAR on August 15, 1996 reveals internal waves in north coastal waters of Cheju Island. It is indicated from the image data, the tidal elevation data, and the bottom topography data, the internal waves seem to be generated by interaction between shallow bottom and tidal currents travelling in the stratified water in the summer time during the tidal changeovers from ebb to flood. The internal waves generated in such condition show patterns of trains of solitons. Probable amplitude of observed solitons is calculated using estimation of the soliton wave length from SAR image data and K-dV equation. Detection of the internal waves is very significant not only to military strategist for underwater maneuvers such as operation of submarines, but also to physical and biological oceanographers. Temporal and spatial variation of the internal waves are needed to be measured by simultaneous in-situ field study together with SAR to examine the nature of these internal waves.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.350-360
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• 2016

In order to investigate characteristics of waves and currents varying in space in the Haeundae coast in winter, numerical simulations by using a 2-D spectral wave model(SWAN) and 2-DH hydrodynamic model(Delft3D) were carried out in this study. The results of numerical simulations were validated with the field data collected at several different locations in the study area in February, 2014. From the numerical simulations, it was found that waves and currents were significantly influenced in terms of direction and magnitude by bottom topography characterized by straggling rock crops covered with sea grasses. The coupling of SWAN and Delft3D models also revealed that alongshore currents directing from the east to the west were developed in the nearshore, due to the influence of larger waves with the main incident direction from the east.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.278-278
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• 2018

현재 우리나라에서는 행정안전부의 풍수해저감종합계획, 사전재해영향성검토협의, 재해위험지구개선사업 등에 해외에서 개발된 상용프로그램이 사용돼 접근성 저하로 인해 지자체 방재담당자의 실무나 대학에서 연구용으로 다루기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 내수침수, 외수침수, 2차원 침수해석으로 구성하여 GUI 기능을 강화한 통합침수재해지도 작성시스템(i-FIM, Integrated Flood Inundation Modeling system)을 개발하여 입력자료의 구성 및 매개변수의 수정이 용이하게 함으로써 하수관망 등에 부분적인 설계 변경이 있는 경우 지자체 방재담당자가 간단한 작업을 통해 침수영향 변화를 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 상세한 지형의 반영이 필요한 도시지역의 2차원 침수해석의 경우 계산격자 망의 크기가 작아질수록 소요되는 계산시간이 기하급수적으로 증가하는 한계가 있어 i-FIM에서는 계산격자를 $2{\times}2$, $3{\times}3$, $5{\times}5$ Subgrid 형태의 격자를 적용하고, 병렬프로그래밍과 계산시간조정 기능을 추가하여 2차원 침수해석 모형의 계산 속도를 향상시켰다. 이를 실무에 적용하기 앞서 2006년 집중호우로 인해 안성시에서 발생한 제방 붕괴사상, 2016년 태풍 차바로 인해 울산시에서 발생한 제방 월류 사상을 통해 침수흔적도와 비교하여 검증을 실시하였다. i-FIM에서 최종적인 2차원 침수해석 결과는 2017년에 개정된 '재해지도 작성 기준 등에 관한 지침'의 침수심 등급 구분의 색채 설정에 따라 각 격자별 침수심을 표출함으로써 표준화된 재해지도 작성이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한, 포털사이트의 지도 및 위성지도에 표출함으로써 침수 위험이 발생할 수 있는 지역의 현재 이용 용도를 파악하여 침수재해에 대한 상세한 대책을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.1B
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

In this study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling system, HSCTM-2D is employed to simulate the amounts of long-term cohesive sediment deposition in two study bays, and its applicability is evaluated. The modeling system's two modules for hydrodynamic modeling and sediment transport modeling are calibrated, comparing the simulated results and the observed tidal levels, tidal current velocities, and suspended sediment concentrations in the Asan and the Cheonsu Bays, South Korea. It is found that there are good agreements between the simulation results and the observed values. The amounts of long-term cohesive sediment deposition of the two study bays are estimated using the modeling system, taking the suspended sediment concentrations from the open ocean in the tide-dominated environment into account. And, in the case of the Asan Bay, the annual deposition rate reaches 8.1 cm/yr; the Cheonsu Bay, 14.5 cm/yr. Overall, it is concluded that the modeling system is useful to understand the physical process of cohesive suspended sediment transport and deposition in tidal water bodies and to establish the mitigation strategy.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.101-104
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• 2006

In the Korean seas, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Thermal Fronts (TF) were analyzed temporally and spatially during 8 years from 1993 to 2000 using NOAA/AVHRR MCSST. As the result of EOF method applying SST, the variance of the 1st mode was 97.6%. It is suitable to explain SST conditions in the whole Korean seas. Time coefficients were shown annual variations and spatial distributions were shown the closer to the continent the higher SST variations like as annual amplitudes. The 2nd mode presented higher time coefficients of 1993, 94, and 95 than those of other years. Although the influence is a little, that can explain ElNINO effect to the Korean seas. TF were detected by Sobel Edge Detection Method using gradient of SST. Consequently, TF were divided into 4 fronts; the Subpola. Front (SPF) dividing into the north and south part of the East sea, the Kuroshio Front (KF) in the East China Sea (ESC), the South Sea Coastal Front (SSCF) in the South sea, and the Tidal Front in the West sea. TF located in steep slope of submarine topography. The distributions of 1st mode in SST were bounded in the same place, and these results should be considered to influence of seasonal variations. To discover temporal and spatial variations of TF,SST gradient values were analyzed by EOF. The time coefficients fo the 1st mode (variance : 64.55%) showed distinctive annual variations and SPF, KF, and SSCF was significantly appeared in March. the spatial distributions of the 2nd mode showed contrast distribution, as SPF and SSCF had strong '-' value, where KF had strong '+' value. The time of '+' and '-' value was May and October, respectively. Time coefficients of the 3rd mode had 2 peaks per year and showed definite seasonal variations. SPF represented striking '+' value which time was March and October That was result reflected time of the 1st and 2nd mode. We can suggest specific temporal and spatial variations of TF using EOF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.397-402
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• 2005

In the Korean seas, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Thermal Fronts (TF) were analyzed temporally and spatially during 8 years from 1993 to 2000 using NOAA/AVHRR MCSST As the result of EOF method applying SST, the variance of the 1st mode was 97.6%. It is suitable to explain SST conditions in the whole Korean seas. Time coefficients were shown annual variations and spatial distributions were shown the closer to the continent the higher SST variations like as annual amplitudes. The 2nd mode presented higher time coefficients of 1993, 94, and 95 than those of other years. Although the influence is a little, that tan explain EININO effort to the Korean seas. TF were detected by Sobel Edge Detection Method using gradient of SST. Consequently, TF were divided into 4 fronts; the Subpolar Front (SPF) dividing into the north and south part of the East sea , the Kuroshio Front (KF) in the East China Sea (ESC), the South Sea Coastal Front (SSCF) in the South sea, and the Tidal Front in the West sea. TF located in steep slope of submarine topography. The distributions of 1st mode in SST were bounded in the same place, and these results should be considered to influence of seasonal variations. To discover temporal and spatial variations of TF, SST gradient values were analyzed by EOF. The time coefficients fo the 1st mode (variance : 64.55%) showed distinctive annual variations and SPF, KF, and SSCF was significantly appeared in March. the spatial distributions of the 2nd mode showed contrast distribution, as SPF and SSCF had strong'-'value, where KF had strong'+'value. The time of'+'and'-'value was May and October, respectively. Time coefficients of the 3rd mode had 2 peaks per year and showed definite seasonal variations. SPF represented striking'+'value which time was March and October. That was result reflected time of the 1st and 2nd mode. We can suggest specific temporal and spatial variations of TF using EOF.