• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2007

Purpose : Fever, the most common presenting symptom in pediatric clinics, has been believed to be a dangerous symptom by many parents. Proper recognition about fever will relieve unnecessary anxiety of parents and help them understand the course of the disease. Our objectives of this study were to investigate current parental recognition about fever and to compare these results with those described in 1992. Methods : Between May and July 2006, we questioned caregivers who visited the pediatric outpatient clinic in St.Paul hospital. The questionnaire consisted of 19 items asking about recognition, attitude and management of fever. Results : A total of 136 caregivers were interviewed. Compared with 10 years ago, there were no significant improvements in misconception about fever. Many caregivers (61%) had wrong information about a definition and the way to measure body temperature. There were still high concerns about febrile convulsion and brain damage from fever. Caregivers started treatment at the body temperature which actually needed no therapy. Conclusion : Parents were not aware that fever is just one of physiologic responses and has benefits, which led to unnecessary anxiety and treatment. This misconception has not been changed over the years. Pediatrician should inform parents that fever itself is not harmful and only rational reason for use of antipyretics is to relieve a discomfort of a febrile child. An educational interventions offered by pediatricians will be helpful for parents to have right attitude and understandings toward fever.

• Vending industry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.46-47
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• 2012

편의점에서 감기약 등의 안전 상비 의약품 판매를 허용하는 약사법 개정안이 지난 5월 2일 국회를 통과해 올 11월 말부터는 전국 2만여 개의 24시간 편의점에서 상비약을 살 수 있게 됐다. 휴일과 야간에도 손쉽게 감기약과 소화제, 해열제 등을 구입할 수 있어 소비자 입장에선 한결 편리해진다. 이 시점에서 관심사가 되고 있는 게 자동판매기를 통해서도 판매가 가능한지 여부이다. 만약 자동판매기로도 유통이 될 수 있다면 새로운 영역이 열린다. 새로운 시장 발굴에 어려움을 겪는 산업계 입장에서 보면 호재가 아닐 수 없다. 과연 그 가능성은 얼마나 될까?

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 1983

Chloramphenicol (CAF) was esterified with aspirin, naproxen and acetaminophen in order to develop new prodrugs which have double effect-antibiotic activity and antipyretic effect. Chloramphenicol acetylsalicylate (CAF-ASP), chloramphenicol naproxenate (CAF-NAX), and chloramphenicol acetaminophen succinate (CAF-SUC-ACET) were synthesized by using dicyclohoxylcarbodiimidc (D.C.C.) because of two hydroxyl group of chloramphenicol. Three synthetic prodrugs did not show bitterness and antibiotic activity in vitro, and were hydrolyzed in liver homogenate, but weren't in acid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.110.1-110
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• 2003

이팝나무(Chionanthus retusus)는 물푸레나무과에 속하는 낙엽교목으로 육도목, 유소수라고도하며 중국이나 일본에서는 잎을 차대용으로 사용한다고 하여 다엽수라고도 부른다. 지사, 건위, 중풍 등의 치료에 효과적이고, 강장제, 해열제, 이뇨제 등으로 사용되었다고 알려져 있는 이팝나무 잎의 생리활성을 검색하여 유용자원으로 활용하기 위한 기초 연구로 메탄을 추출물을 각종 용매를 이용하여 분획한 후 DPPH를 이용한 항산화 활성, 아질산염 소거 및 항균 활성 등의 생리활성에 대한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. DPPH에 의한 항산화 활성을 측정한 결과 에틸 아세테이트 분획물과 부탄올 분획물에서 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, reducing power의 경우 에틸 아세테이트 분획물에서 그리고 농도가 증가함에 따라 환원력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 pH가 낮을수록, 농도 의존적으로 그 활성이 높게 나타났다. 항균활성은 에틸 아세테이트 분획물에 대하여 특히, Escherichia coli와 Bacillus cereus 균주에 대해 각각 16 및 18mm 로 높은 항균력을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 1984

Antibiotic activity and antipyretic effect of three synthetic prodrugs, chloramphenicol acetylsalicylate (CAF-ASP), chloramphenicol naproxenate(CAF-NAX) and chloramphenicol acetaminophen succinate (CAF-SUC-ACET), were studied in vitro and in vivo. In the experimental results, the CAF-NAX showed the moat rapid absorption and the highest blood levels, and the CAF-SUC-ACET and CAF-ASP also were more rapid absorption and higher blood levels than controls, chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol palmitate. The synthetic prodrugs also showed the antipyretic effect by modified Roszkowski method using endotoxin.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.219-224
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• 2018

We have studied anemarrhena asphodeloides, a hair growth promoter as an alternative medicine agent to compensate for the disadvantages of minoxidil, which has excellent hair growth promoting effect on follicular epithelial cells. anemarrhena asphodeloide, an Rhizome plant of aemarrhena asphodeloide family, is a traditional medicinal plant used in Korea as an antipyretic, antidiabetic, antidepressant, antiinflammatory. We applied and observed anemarrhena asphodeloides ethanol extracts to the back of mice, and there was no significant difference in body weight and food intake among all groups of mice. The ethanol extract of anemarrhena asphodeloides showed vigorous hair growth promoting effect without changing the serum composition and thus it is considered to be useful as a hair growth promoter in the future.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2009

Purpose: Fever is a common problem in children. Misconceptions about fever are exacerbated by variations in knowledge and practice of pediatric nurses. The purposes of this study were to identify the knowledge and attitude toward fever and its management and to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude. Methods: A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 114 pediatric nurses in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The mean percent of correct responses for physiology of fever, fever management and antipyretics was 51.3%. Knowledge of antipyretics was lower than knowledge of other items with 29.2% correct. Both positive and negative attitudes were discovered. Pediatric nurses' in this study reported negative attitudes toward beneficial effects of fever and positive attitudes toward use of antipyretics to prevent febrile convulsions and reduction of temperatures as low as $38.3^{\circ}C$. There was no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude related to fever management. Conclusion: The findings suggest that improvements are needed in management practices of pediatric nurses. Educational interventions to increase knowledge of fever management by pediatric nurses and to strengthen positive attitudes about childhood fever are recommended.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this review were to address misconceptions of childhood fever and fever management practice among parents and health care providers, and to identify the scientific evidences against such misconceptions and practices. Methods: Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 2000 to 2015 were searched. The search terms were fever, fever management, misconception, myth, fiction, fact, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, tepid bath, alternating use/combined use of antipyretics, and physical cooling method. Results: There are significant gaps between current concepts and practices, and the scientific evidence. Misconceptions and unrealistic concerns about childhood fever still exist among parents and even health care providers, worldwide. The evidences suggest that antipyretics should be given carefully with the aim of relieving discomfort or pain rather than decreasing the temperature itself. Alternating use of antipyretics should be discouraged due to the risk of confusion and error. Antipyretics do not prevent febrile convulsions. Moreover, the scientific evidence does not support tepid sponge massage. Conclusion: Evidence-based childhood fever management interventions should be targeted toward parents and health care providers. By adopting an evidence-based approach to nursing interventions, pediatric nurses can ensure children receive appropriate and safe fever management.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.226-232
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• 2005

Peptic ulcer disease complicated with gastric outlet obstruction is rare in children. Even though NSAIDs have been reported to cause various adverse events, they are still regarded as safe and, therefore, widely utilized in children. In the past, pediatric patients who were at risk of seizure due to high fever, were treated with dipyrone (Metamizole sodium) injection which inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and inhibit prostaglandin, to weaken the gastro-duodenal defensive mechanism. A case of an infant with multiple esophagogatroduodenal ulcers and bleeding caused by NSAID complicated with gastric outlet obstruction is reported in this paper.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.164-169
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness for infants of antifebrile therapy using a hypothermia blanket or rectal antipyretics following open heart surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study and 174 infants who had open heart surgery at P University Hospital, and whose body temperature body temperature exceeded $37.2^{\circ}C$ were included in the study. The assessment tool was composed of 32 items was used for assessment of fever therapy, physiological indexes and antifebrile duration. Physiological indexes included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, $PaCO_2$, $PaO_2$, $HCO_3{^-}$, $SaO_2$, and $K^+$ and the antifebrile duration was minutes from having a fever until BT returned to normal levels. Results: The antifebrile duration with the hypothermia blanket was shorter than with rectal antipyretics. There were significant differences in the physiological indexes with either type of antifebrile therapy, but drop in BT was greater with the hypothermia blanket than rectal antipyretics. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a hypothermia blanket is a non-invasive, non-drug and safe antifebrile therapy. Therefore, a hypothermia blanket can be applied to infants with a fever following open heart surgery.