• Maritime Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 2023

Recently, with the rapid development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) and AI(Artificial Intelligence) technology industries, the emergence of MASS(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship), which were thought only in the distant future, is approaching a reality. Along with the development of these amazing technologies, changes in the private law sector, such as liability, compensation for damages, and maritime insurance, as well as in the public law sector, such as maritime safety, marine environment protection, and maintenance of maritime order, have become necessary in the field of maritime law. In particular, with the advent of a new type of ship called MASS that does not have a crew on board, the kind and type of liability, compensation for damages, and insurance contracts in the event of a marine accident will also change. In this paper, the general theory about concept, classification, effectiveness and future of MASS and the general theory about concept and various obligations and responsibilities under the maritime law for discussion of MASS are reviewed. Next, in addition, regarding the problems that may occur in the event of a marine accident from MASS, the status as a ship, the legal relationship of the chartering contract, obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthiness, subject of responsibility, and liability for damages and immunity are reviewed from the perspective of maritime law. In addition, in the degree four of MASS, the necessities of further research to clarify the attributable subjects and standards of responsibility in the event of a marine accident, as well as the necessities of institutional improvement such as technology development, enactment and amendment of law and funding are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2015

최근 효율적인 해상교통 환경구축과 해양안전을 확보하기 위해 ICT가 융합된 기술에 많은 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 특히 빅데이터 기술은 해상관제, 해양환경 모니터링, 항로표지 관리, 해상운송 등 다양하게 접목하여 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 선박운항의 안전확보를 위하여 빅데이터 기술의 전반적인 활용 방안을 검토하였다. 아울러 일반적인 빅데이타의 활용에 대하여도 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.212-213
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• 2022

해양 4차 산업 도래에 맞춰 기존 항로표지 역할에 ICT 기술을 융합하여 표준화된 디지털 해양 정보 서비스가 요구되고 있으며, 신항행 안전과 시설 관리 효율성을 추구하는 차세대 디지털 항로표지 기술 개발이 추진되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 해양 정보 제공을 위한 중형 항로표지 형상 연구를 수행하였다. 스마트항로표지 설계시 주안점을 정리하고, 설계 주안점을 바탕으로 4가지의 형상(안)을 제시하였다. 제시한 형상(안)에 대하여 평가를 수행하고 개선사항을 도출하여 형상(안)을 선정하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 표체 형상을 바탕으로 스마트 항로표지 상세 설계와 정적동적 안정도 평가 및 수리모형을 수행하여 추후 타당성 검증을 수행할 예정이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2023

자율운항선박 (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship, MASS) 관련 기술은 전 세계적으로 활발히 개발 중이다. 이와 더불어 선박정보 통신 기술(ICT)을 활용한 선박 관리에 대한 수요가 증가하면서 선박 데이터의 신뢰성 확보가 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 선박에서 사용하는 데이터는 점차 복잡해지고 용량이 증가함에 따라 체계적인 관리 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 주요 선급에서 발간한 기술자료와 표준동향 분석 및 전문가 논의를 통해 신규 표준 아이템을 도출하였다. 이를 기반으로 ISO 선박 및 해양기술 분과에 제안한 선박 데이터 신뢰성 확보를 위한 데이터 품질 관리 표준 제안한 결과를 소개하고자 한다. 신규 제안한 표준을 통해 국내 조선소 및 기업에서 개발한 선박 성능 분석 및 모니터링 시스템에 대한 품질 검증에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.667-669
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• 2021

Recently, RFID/USN technology has been applied in various fields such as logistics, environment, education, home network, disaster prevention, military, and medical care, but despite the remarkable development of RFID/USN technology, it is difficult to apply it to marine industry due to the characteristics of poor marine environment. Therefore, satellites are mainly used in the marine sector, and existing communication networks are used in the coast, so measures for forming a shelf-only short-range network in the ocean are being considered. In this paper, we consider the use of drones as mobile base stations of USN as a base station role using USN in existing PS-LTE and LTE networks.Since autonomous navigation vessels are aiming for the intelligent system, the number of crew and labor force should be reduced and the function of autonomous network formation in the form of more stable and intelligent ICT convergence technology should be strengthened.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of the half-cell potential (HCP) measurements on the concrete surface for evaluation of corrosion rate (or corrosion levels) of reinforcing steel in concrete. A series of experimental study is performed to measure HCP (or corrosion potential, E_corr) and corrosion current density (i_corr) of reinforcing steel in concrete cube specimens, with a side length of 200 mm. Various corrosion levels in a range of 0% to 20% of the test specimens are accelerated by impressing current to the reinforcing steel in concrete immersed in 3.0 % NaCl solution. HCP is measured in accordance with ASTM C876-15, and corrosion current density is determined by using the Stern-Geary equation and measured polarization resistance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As a result, a numerical formula that relates HCP and i_corr in the test specimen is established by a regression analysis of the measured data in this study. It is observed that HCP is linearly correlated with log(i_corr) with a R² greater than 0.87, which is less affected by the experimental variables such as concrete mixture proportion, diameter of reinforcing steel and the amount of applied current in this study. These results exhibit that HCP measurements could be effective for evaluation of corrosion rate (or corrosion levels) of reinforcing steel in concrete in the case of exposed to a certain consistent environment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.454-461
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• 2021

Background: Fish and fishery products (FFPs) unintentionally contaminated with various environmental pollutants are major exposure pathways for humans. To protect human health from the consumption of contaminated FFPs, it is essential to develop a systematic tool for evaluating exposure and risks. Objectives: To regularly, accurately, and quickly evaluate adverse health outcomes due to FFPs contamination, we developed an automated dietary exposure and risk assessment system called HERA (the Human Exposure and Risk Assessment system for chemicals in FFPs). The aim of this study was to develop an overall architecture design and demonstrate the major features of the HERA system. Methods: For the HERA system, the architecture framework consisted of multi-layer stacks from infrastructure to fish exposure and risk assessment layers. To compile different contamination levels and types of seafood consumption datasets, the data models were designed for the classification codes of FFP items, contaminants, and health-based guidance values (HBGVs). A systematic data pipeline for summarizing exposure factors was constructed through down-scaling and preprocessing the 24-hour dietary recalls raw dataset from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNAHES). Results: According to the designed data models for the classification codes, we standardized 167 seafood items and 2,741 contaminants. Subsequently, we implemented two major functional workflows: 1) preparation and 2) main process. The HERA system was developed to enable risk assessors to accumulate the concentration databases sustainably and estimate exposure levels for several populations linked to seafood consumption data in KNAHES in a user-friendly manner and in a local PC environment. Conclusions: The HERA system will support policy-makers in making risk management decisions based on a nation-wide risk assessment for FFPs.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

With an increase in demand for the high added value of shipbuilding and marine industry based on the information and communications technology (ICT), software technology has become more important than ever in the industry. In this paper, we present the result of our preliminary investigation on the current software development environment in the shipbuilding and marine industry in order to develop reusable software component, which can enhance the competitiveness of software development. The investigation is performed based on the survey answers from 34 developers who are working in different shipbuilding and marine companies. The questionnaire is composed of items to gather the information of each company such as the number of employees and product domain, and actual software development environment such as operating system, programming languages, deployment format, obstacles for developing components, and the adoption of software development methods and tools. According to the results of the survey, the most important consideration to select their development platform was the number of available utilities and the technical supports, followed by performance, price and security problems. In addition, the requirements of various platforms supporting and the higher reliability, and the limitations of low development cost and manpower made it difficult for them to develop reusable software components. Finally, throughout the survey, we find out that only 15% of developers used software development processes and managed the quality to systematically develop their software products, therefore, shipbuilding and marine companies need more technical and institutional support to improve their ability to develop high qualified software.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.641-647
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• 2019

Yearly world vehicle production has continued to increase, and the global seaborne trade volumes also are recovering. Based on these positive trends, as demand for cargo ships increases in the freight transportation market, Pure car and truck carriers (PCTCs) with large gaps between decks continue to be ordered. The structural analysis of the cargo hold was performed in order to confirm its structural safety in accordance with the guidance for the direct strength assessment of the Korean Register (KR) of Shipping. And, according to the type of cargo, the maximum deflection and structurally weak area that occurred in deck 5 was confirmed. Also, it was found that the weight of the cargo had a significant effect on the deck, the primary members of the deck's structure, and pillars. The results of the structural analysis conducted in this study were added to the existing cargo load planning software. This was done so that the prediction of the maximum stress and the deflection of the deck based on the information about the cargo could be confirmed quickly. In addition, the data will be used as the basic data for rapid information management response to changes in cargo items.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2020

In shipbuilding industry, there is conducting most of works by welding at the shipyard, and the volume of welding is increasing with international trends of green ships. Welding joint is guaranteed quality through non-destructive testing (NDT). The manual welding inspection report is produced by identifying the drawings designed, which results in losses the many workforce and occurs human errors. To solve these problems, this paper covers a system that reports on inspection information is automatically generation by input data based on shipbuilding-specific CAD. The developed system analyzes the shape data from drawings of modeling. Also, the system determines welding joints through expansion of the part boundary and generates tag numbers. In addition, it provides the function to automatically extract the information needed for inspection such as weld length, thickness and etc. We conducted test to verify the usefulness of the developed system and confirmed that the welding inspection information extracted through system matches the information shown in drawings of modeling.