• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.672-678
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• 2015

The types of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) being transported by sea in Korea are at about 6,000, HNS transport volume accounts for 19% of total tonnage shipped in Korea, and the increase rate of seaborne HNS trade in Korea is 2.5 times higher than the average increase rate of the world seaborne HNS trade. Reflecting this trend, HNS spill incidents have been frequently reported in Korean waters, and there are increasing social demands to develop HNS management technology for the preparedness, response, post-treatment and restoration in relation to HNS spill incidents at sea. In this study, a risk-based HNS prioritization system was developed and an HNS risk database was built with evaluation indices such as sea transport volume, physicochemical properties, toxicities, persistency, and bioaccumulation. Risk scores for human health and marine environments were calculated by multiplying scores for toxicity and exposure. The top-20 substances in the list of HNS were tabulated, and Aniline was ranked first place, but it needs to be managed not by individuals but by HNS groups with similar score levels. Limitations were identified in obtaining data of chronic toxicity and marine ecotoxicity due to lack of testing data. It is necessary to study on marine ecotoxicological test in the near future. Moreover, the priority list of HNS is expected to be utilized in the development of HNS management technology and the relevant technologies, after the expert's review process and making up for the lack of test data in the current research results.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.487-492
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• 2010

Ulsan Port is the biggest base port for liquid cargoes in Korea and is pushing in earnest for the development of the 'Ulsan New Port' and 'Northeast Asia Oil-Hub' to prepare for continuous shipment growth. However, Ulsan is in the situation which the harbour limit and anchorages are narrower than other trading ports and the occurrence probability of marine accidents is very high due to heavy marine traffic. We will find and suggest the plan to enlarge the harbour limit essentially needed to expand anchorages considering the geomorphological features of Ulsan and the volume of marine traffic in this research. For the enlargement of harbour limit needed to expand anchorages, the anchorage area needed for Ulsan New Port was calculated after the quantitative analysis of enlargement range through the mutual comparison of the area of harbour limit and anchorages with berths and the volume of marine traffic. The reasonable type of harbour limit, which is based on the survey by a group of experts, was also determined after the decision of the range of harbour limit to accommodate the relevant anchorages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.169-170
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• 2010

Ulsan Port is in the situation which the harbour limit and anchorages are less narrow than other trading ports and the occurrence probability of marine accidents is high due to heavy marine traffic Especially, the shortage of anchorages will become worse in case that the number of inbound and outbound vessels increases according to the development of Ulsan New Port. We will find and suggest the plan to enlarge the harbour limit essentially needed to expand anchorages in this research The reasonable type of harbour limit which is based on the survey by a group of experts, was determined after the decision of the range of harbour limit to accommodate the relevant anchorages.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

This paper analyses the dynamic causal relationship between vessel export and economic growth using annual data over the period from 1977 to 2006. Tests for ADF unit-roots, the dynamic vector using Johansen's multiple cointegration procedure, dynamic vector error correction model and impulse response function are presented. The findings of the Granger test suggest that vessel export Granger-causes economic growth in the short-run and economic growth Granger-causes exports in the short and long-run. The empirical results of impulse-response analysis show that the vessel export to a shock in real GDP responds positively and the real GDP responds positively to the shocks in vessel export. Also, the results indicate that the impact of vessel export shock on the real GDP is short-lived.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.47-60
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• 2023

A thorough inventory of ship emissions, particularly ship's emission of in-port area is necessary to identify significant sources of exhaust gases such as NOx, SOx, PM, and CO₂ and trends in emission levels over time, and reduce their serious effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the volume of emissions from ships in Mokpo port, which serves as a gateway to the southwest coast of Korea, using a bottom-up methodology and data from the automatic identification system (AIS) and the Korean Port Management Information System (Port-MIS). In this work, an analysis of ship movement utilizing AIS data and an actual set of data on ship specification were gathered. By examining ship movement using AIS data, We also proposed a new approach for identifying cruising/maneuvering mode. Finally, the results were classified by ship operating mode, by exhaust gas, by ship type, and by berth, which provides a thorough and in-depth analysis of the air pollution caused by ships in Mokpo port.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2019

Recently, air pollution from the marine ports has become a serious issue all over the world. Because marine trade accounts for 99.7% of Korea's trade, efforts are required to recognize the level of port pollution and establish environmental policies. This study estimates air pollution emitted during the berthing process in the Gwangyang and Ulsan ports. Data on ship activity and characteristics are collected and reasonable methodologies and factors from EEA and EPA are adopted. The results show that 253.09 tons of CO, 1986.61 tons of NOx, 684.01 tons of SOx, 47.88 tons of $PM_{10}$, and 44.69 tons of $PM_{2.5}$ are emitted at the Gwangyang port. Further, the Ulsan port emitted 212.28 tons of CO, 1712.54 tons of NOx, 573.72 tons of SOx, 40.16 tons of $PM_{10}$, and 37.48 tons of $PM_{2.5}$. A stage-by-stage plan for installing AMP infrastructure is suggested as part of a green port policy. This research provides the current pollution status and contributes guidelines for the direction of future policy.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2000

Many foreign freight forwarders make inroads into domestic markets. Korean freight forwarders are not competitive on th domestic logistics area because of higher customer services by foreign freight forwarders in Korea. The purpose of this research is to analyze degree of satisfaction on customer services attributes of freight forwarders in Korea, and to strengthen the competitiveness of customer services by Korea freight forwarders in contrast to foreign investment freight forwarders in Korea. The results of the research could be summarized as follows.: When freight forwarders are selected, the most important customer service attributes have been ranked in order with 'the accuracy management of shipping order' , the reasonable offers of freight rate' and 'the quick arrangement of vessels' when freight forwarders are selected.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2021

The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) is an important part of Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). As an economic and trade corridor for dozens of countries in Asia, Europe and Africa, and the port as an important link node, the efficiency of port operation directly affects the implementation of BRI's strategy. On the basis of combining BRI and related evaluation methods of port efficiency, this paper uses DEA-BCC model to select port production berth number and production berth length as input index container throughput and cargo throughput as output index to analyze the port efficiency of 14 ports in China. The results show that: (1) The overall efficiency level of the ports along the MSR is relatively low. Most of the ports have not reached the DEA efficiency and there are different degrees of problems in scale investment and technological improvement. However, this situation is accompanied by the implementation of China's maritime cooperation strategy and becoming better year by year. (2) The low operating efficiency of ports along China's MSR is mainly due to the lack of coordination between scale efficiency and technical efficiency, which is caused by insufficient scale investment in the port itself, weak economic linkage between the hinterland and the port, (3) Whether a port has a strong comprehensive strength does not entirely depend on the cargo throughput or scale but also includes the port's operating efficiency.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2017

Nowadays, considering global warming and enhanced prohibition to discharge pollutants at sea, all of existing operation-ships must lead to the reduction of fuel consumption. International standards of International Maritime Organization and EU rules governing harbor pollutants are being strengthened. Therefore, ship-owners and operators are seeking ways to reduce $CO_2$, SOx, and NOx emissions. Although world trade continues to expand, total fuel usage for sea transport tends to diminish. However, ICS(International Chamber of Shipping) has set a goal of reducing $CO_2$ emissions from shipping by 50% until 2050. In addition, with respect to the Paris Climate Change Accord in 2015, IMO proposes to set up a reduction target of GHG emission from existing operation-ships. For setting up a reduction target of GHG from international maritime transport, "A data collection system for fuel consumption" will be introduced in the near future. In order to effectively reduce the use of fuel in a ship in accordance with the trend of compulsory fuel saving from operation ships, this paper suggested adoption of an Incentive-Penalty scheme based on Emission-Trading-Scheme, Carbon Tax, and basic calculation formula after verifying the EEOI level for a year.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.131-146
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to predict the railway cargo volume on Busan new-port and north-port, in order to revitalize railway transport. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the description of the objective and methods on this study. Section 2 presents the status of Railway Cargo volumes and Construction plan of railway facilities in Busan New port. Section 3 presents the Forecast Railway Cargo volume using a volume ratio, actual volume records and another predicted datas. Section 4 summarizes our conclusions and further research topics. Especially, korea faces enforcement of green Logistics policy. Modal shift to trail freight transportation is one of ways, but there are no more detail plans. so it need that a cooperation system in government department, a indirect subside policy shift to rail freight transportation from trucking for revitalization of Railway Freight transportation.