• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.292-299
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• 2021

In this study, a study was attempted to confirm the yield of the solvent fraction for extracting physiologically active substances of polyphenols and flavonoids in sea cucumber. In the previously reported cases, the 50% ethanol extraction solvent fraction was confirmed as a result of high yield of sea cucumber antioxidants. The determination of the amount of antioxidants extracted from sea cucumber was confirmed as a result of the extraction solvent fraction applied to the extraction. In addition, the necessity of extraction of the solvent fraction was obtained through a previous study that 'there is a significant difference in the content of sea cucumber physiologically active antioxidants extracted depending on the extraction solvent.' The results of extracting high antioxidants from the phenolic substances contained in the sea cucumber extract of the 50% ethanol extraction solvent fraction were demonstrated. In the study case of extraction solvent fraction, the ethyl acetate solvent fraction, which yielded the lowest, yielded a higher phenol content than other solvent fractions, and the antioxidant effect was confirmed. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the effect on the high yield of the antioxidant extract through the yield change according to the application of the extraction solvent fraction was performed. Therefore, it was verified as an optimized sea cucumber physiologically active substance extraction solvent fraction of 50% ethanol solvent.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1281-1286
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• 2018

The sea cucumber, which is distributed over 1,500 species worldwide, is a highly value-added variety that has been considered an important source of marine resources in many countries for a long period of time. Most of the research on sea cucumbers involves the effectiveness of food and its extractions; however, there was no research on the extraction of sea cucumbers. In response, this research suggested a boundary detection algorithm to extract the special spot of sea cucumbers Therefore, in order to capture a large quantity of high value-added in sea cucumbers and we believe that they will be a great help to the sea cucumber recognition program in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

In this study, the antioxidant effect of black sea ginseng containing a large amount of eicosapentaenoic acid, a natural physiologically active substance, was investigated, and its superiority as a functional cosmetic raw material was presented. The ability of the sea cucumber extract to remove active oxygen was evaluated for the inhibitory effect on intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production. The physiologically active substances of sea cucumber have an antioxidant effect that removes free radicals, and as a result of evaluation, it was confirmed that excellent NO production was suppressed. Studies have shown that bioactive substances are involved in antioxidant effects, immune and inflammatory response regulation by showing high antioxidant efficacy even at low concentrations. It is thought that the antioxidant removal ability of sea cucumber greatly contributes to the antioxidant efficacy of phenolic components containing EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) of the sea cucumber extract. It was found to be similar to the report that the antioxidant component of sea cucumber works. In addition, it is excellent for wound healing with the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) component contained in a large amount of sea cucumber extract, which has been proven to be involved in the inhibitory effect of inflammatory activity. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the effect of the phenol component contained in the sea cucumber extract had a close causal relationship with the antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.681-687
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• 2018

Recently, several researchers have been developing cosmetics from natural ingredients for skin whitening and anti-aging products. The red sea cucumber (RSC), Apostichopus japonicas, is a species of sea cucumber in the family stichopodiae, which is widely distributed in China, Japan, and Korea. To use Red Sea Cucumber as a cosmetic ingredient, its inhibitory effects on melanogenesis and the anti-aging effects of RSC extracts were investigated. First, a tyrosinase activity assay was performed, which showed that RSC inhibited tyrosinase activity at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. An MTT assay was carried out to evaluate cell toxicity, and the results showed that RSC extract has no cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) genes treated with RSC extract in B16F10 and HaCaT cells decreased. Moreover, a wound-healing assay was performed to identify the cell regeneration effect of RSC extracts. Also, a skin turnover effect was confirmed by creating a three-dimensional cell culture with HaCaT and human fibroblasts. Altogether, the results suggested that Red Sea Cucumber may possess a high ability to induce whitening and anti-wrinkle effects as a cosmeceutical ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.240-248
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• 1996

To clarify the potentiality of sea cucumbers as dietary food, the effects of those glycoprotein on dietary proteins and physicochemical properties of those proteins were studied. Crude glycoprotein was efficiently extracted using 20mM sodium phosphate beffer(pH 7.0) and by salting out with 80% ammoniym sulfate saturation. The fractions obtained through the DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography was identified as glycoprotein by Schiff's reagent and SDS polyacrylanide gel electro-phoresis. The yields of each glycoprotein from the three kinds of sea cucumbers were 0.814(red), 0.184(blue) and 0.232(black) and the molecular weights of the glycoproteins subunits were ranged from 20,000 dalton(blue and black) to 29,000 dalton(red), respectively. The electrophoretic patterns of the glycoprotein isolates were similar to each other and any significant difference in amino acid pattern was observed. Predominant arnino scids were Asx(aspartic acid and asparagine) and Glx(glutamic acid and glutamine) ; in contrast, histidine and methionine were below 2% as compared to total amino acids. water holding capacities of the glycoprotein isolates from red, blue and black cucumbers were equally 100% and emulsion activities ranged from 53% to 64%. In addition the emulsion stabilities were 7.04, 1.37 and 2.44, respectively. In vitro digestibility of some proteins(casein, SPI and squid) was decreased as increasing the level of the freeze dried sea cucumber powder and glycoprotein isolates. But squid protein was not affected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2017

Image analysis and k-mean clustering were conducted to develop a grading system of dried sea cucumber (SC) based on rehydration rate. The SC images were obtained by taking pictures in a box under controlled light conditions. The region of interest was extracted to depict the shape of the SC in a 2D graph, and those 2D shapes were rendered to build a 3D model. The results from the image analysis provided the morphological features of the SC, including length, width, surface area, and volume, to obtain the parameters of the k-mean clustering weight. The k-mean clustering classified the SC samples into three different grades. Each SC sample was rehydrated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 40 h. During rehydration, the flux of each grade was analyzed. Our study demonstrates that the mass transfer rate of SC increased as the surface area increased, and the grade of SC was classified based on rehydration rate. This study suggests that the optimal rehydration process for SC can be achieved by applying a suitable grading system.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2010

Ultraviolet is the one of the main environmental factors promoting aging process via increased intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to search for natural skin-protective antioxidant materials from marine origins (Porphyra Thalli, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Ostreae Concha, Sargassum Thallus, Undaria thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, Syngnathoides biaculeatus, Hippocampus, Stichopus Stichopus, Thalli, Hizikia fusiforme thalli) which exhibit free radical scavenging activity and protect against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative cell death. Free radical scavenging activity was shown in order of Undaria thallus. Sargassum Thallus, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Hippocampus, Haliotidis Concha, Ostreae Concha, Syngnathoides biacuJeatus. In another experiment, UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of Sargassum Thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, or Hippocampus water extract. Furthermore, UVB-induced cell death was mediated by intracellular accumulation or ROS, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with aforementioned extracts. The protective effect of these marine natural products seemed to be mediated by increased expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1. These results suggest that Sargassum Thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, and Hippocampus may have preventive and protective potentials as new functional cosmetics against oxidative stress-mediated skin damages and aging with antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activities of the sea cucumber products, including extracts and hydrolysates, in vitro and in vivo. Dried sea cucumber, produced on the western coast of Korea, was boiled in water or 70% ethanol at 85℃ or 100℃ for 18 or 24 h, respectively, to extract bioactive compounds. The enzymatic hydrolysates were prepared by reacting the dried sea cucumber with pepsin or neutral protease (PNL) under optimal enzyme conditions. The anti-inflammatory effect of the samples was investigated using RAW 264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The amount of nitric oxide (NO) was produced from the cells treated with LPS and each sample was compared. Therefore, the pepsin hydrolysate treatment decreased NO production compared to LPS sole treatment. Furthermore, the effects of the samples on cell injury in the hepatic cell line and bisphenolA-induced hepatic injury mouse model were investigated. The water extracts and the pepsin hydrolysates of sea cucumber significantly inhibited cell injury generated in the hepatocytes without cytotoxicity (p < 0.05), whereas the ethanol extracts were cytotoxic. However, these results indicate that the extracts and the enzymatic hydrolysates derived from sea cucumber can be used as beneficial materials for inhibiting liver damage.