• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-99
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• 2009

닭은 다른 산업 동물과 많은 차이가 있다. 그중에는 질병을 일으키는 원인체의 특성도 포함된다. 특히, 닭에서는 난계대 질병이라는 독특한 질병들이 있고 면역억제성 질병이 주요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 닭의 면역억제성 질병은 많은 종류가 알려져 있으며, 새로운 병원체에 의한 또는 기존의 바이러스나 세균의 변이에 의한 면역 억제성 질병의 유발 가능성은 항상 있다. 또한 닭은 생리학적과 해부구조학적으로 계란을 통한 병원체의 전파, 소위 난계대성 전염이 가능하다. 일반적으로 면역억제성 질병은 특이한 증상이 없이 준임상형 감염으로 나타나지만 면역억제에 의한 2차 세균감염 등에 의한 생산 성적 저하, 사계율 증가를 유발하여 경제적으로는 크나큰 피해를 일으킨다. 그러나 불행하게도 준임상형 면역억제성 질병에 의한 피해는 현격히 눈에 띄지 않으므로 양계산업 현장에서 주목을 받지 못하고 있는 것이 대부분 나라의 현실이다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1994

This paper describes scheduling algorithms of the UNIX operating system and shows an analytical approach to approximate the average conditional response time for a process in the UNIX operating system. The average conditional response time is the average time between the submittal of a process requiring a certain amount of the CPU time and the completion of the process. The process scheduling algorithms in thr UNIX system are based on the priority service disciplines. That is, the behavior of a process is governed by the UNIX process schuduling algorithms that (ⅰ) the time-shared computer usage is obtained by allotting each request a quantum until it completes its required CPU time, (ⅱ) the nonpreemptive switching in system mode and the preemptive switching in user mode are applied to determine the quantum, (ⅲ) the first-come-first-serve discipline is applied within the same priority level, and (ⅳ) after completing an allotted quantum the process is placed at the end of either the runnable queue corresponding to its priority or the disk queue where it sleeps. These process scheduling algorithms create the round-robin effect in user mode. Using the round-robin effect and the preemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in user mode. Using the nonpreemptive switching, we approximate a process delay in system mode. We also consider a process delay due to the disk input and output operations. The average conditional response time is then obtained by approximating the total process delay. The results show an excellent response time for the processes requiring system time at the expense of the processes requiring user time.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

The C-shaped canal system is an anatomical variation mostly seen in mandibular second molars, although it can also occur in maxillary and other mandibular molars. The main anatomical feature of C-shaped canals is the presence of fins or web connecting the individual root canals. The complexity of C-shaped canals prevents these canals from being cleaned, shaped, and obturated effectively during root canal therapy, and sometimes it leads to an iatrogenic perforation from the extravagant preparation. The purpose of this study was to provide further knowledge of the anatomical configuration and the minimal thickness of dentinal wall according to the level of the root. Thirty extracted mandibular second molars with fused roots and longitudinal grooves on lingual or buccal surface of the root were collected from a native Korean population. The photo images and radiographs from buccal, lingual, apical direction were taken. After access cavity was prepared, teeth were placed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 hours to dissolve the organic tissue of the root surface and from the root canal system. After bench dried and all the teeth were embedded in a self-curing resin. Each block was sectioned using a microtome (Accutom-50, Struers, Denmark) at interval of 1 mm. The sectioned surface photograph was taken using a digital camera (Coolpix 995, Nikon, Japan) connected to the microscope. 197 images were evaluated for canal configurations and the minimal thickness of dentinal wall between canal and external wall using 'Root Thickness Gauge Program' designed with Visual Basic. The results were as follows : 1. At the orifice level of all teeth, the most frequent observed configuration was Melton's Type C I (73%), however the patterns were changed to type C II and C III when the sections were observed at the apical third. On the other hand, the type C III was observed at the orifice level of only 2 teeth but this type could be seen at apical region of the rest of the teeth. 2. The C-shaped canal showed continuous and semi-colon shape at the orifice level, but at the apical portion of the canal there was high possibility of having 2 or 3 canals 3. Lingual wall was thinner than buccal wall at coronal, middle, apical thirds of root but there was no statistical differences.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2003

The high mortality of cultured juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus occurred in Gochang on June, 2003. The diseased fish was lethargic with reduced feed intake. Grossly, these fish showed pale body, abdominal extension and exophthalmia. The dominant internal gross features of diseased fish were severely enlarged spleen, pale gills and/ or liver. Diseased fish histologically showed basophilic enlarged cells in the kidney, spleen, gill, heart, stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas and adipose tissue. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveled hexagonal virions in the cytoplasm of necrotic cells. The viral particles lead a central electron-dense core and an electron translucent zone, and were 136-159 nm in diameter. These results suggest that the virus belonging to the iridoviridae was responsible for the mortality of cultured juvenile turbot.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 1999

The leaf morphological and anatomical characters about 17 taxa of Aster and its allied taxa were investigated to estimate taxonomic values. Leaf shapes of the treated taxa were divided into five types; elliptic, spathulate, lanceolate, linear, ovatodeltoid. These types were fixed in same taxa, but variable among different taxa, therefore useful as taxonomic character. Leaf margins were divided into four types; entire, serrate, dentate, incised, these types were invariable in most taxa, but variable among individual in same taxa such as Kalimeris incise, Aster spathulifolius. The size and shape of leaf epidermal cell, the size and distributional numbers per 10$\textrm{mm}^2$ of stomata, deposit feature of cuticle were not distinguished clearly from treated taxa, but presence of stomata on adaxial surface, size and distributional numbers per 10$\textrm{mm}^2$ of stomata were useful taxonomic characters in some taxa such as Gymnaster koraiensis, Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae, Aster tripolium, Heteropappus arenarius. The leaf trichomes were divided into five types by basic form, sculpturing on their outer surface and cell arrangement; uniseriate granulate conical type, uniseriate psilate conical type, uniseriate psilate filiform type, globular type, biseriate vesicular capitate type. In spite of various habitat, basic morphology of trichomes were not changed, therefore, it was thought to be good taxonomic character.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Short implants are used in parts which have anatomical structures like maxillary sinus, inferior alveolar nerve and limited alveolar height due to severe alveolar bone resorption. In these case, there are no need of additional bone augmentation so there are advantages like reduced entire treatment time, reduced patient's discomfort and protection of important anatomical structures. The aim of this study is, in implants whose length is less than 10mm, to analyze the impact of implant length, diameter, location of implant placement, presence of bone graft, presence of prosthesis splinting on survival rates and marginal bone resorption. The samples used in this study were 227 implants, less than 10mm, placed in 137 patients in Wonkwang university dental hospital implant center. From dental charts the information about implant length, diameter, location of implant placement, presence of bone graft, presence of prosthesis splinting were obtained. Emago advanced v5.6(Oral diagnostic systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)program was used to measure the amount of marginal bone resorption. Out of total 227 implants, resulting in 96.5 % of survival rate. There was a tendency toward higher failure rates for the maxilla and bone graft site. No significant difference in marginal bone resorption was found associated with length of implants(p>0.05) and neither with the diameter of implants. Among the risk factors examined, more failure rates of short implants can be attributed to poor bone quality in the maxilla and presence of bone graft. At implants under 10mm, length, diameter, location of implant placement, bone graft and splinting of prosthesis didn't affect marginal bone loss.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.226-229
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• 2006

The interforaminal region is usually considered as a safe region in the chin bone graft without important vital anatomical structures to be damaged. But the accurate anatomy of the interforaminal region, with its potential clinical relationships, is controversial. Moreover some complications suggesting damage of incisive terminal branches after chin bone harvesting are reported such as sensory discomfort and pain etc. In order to verify incisive innervation of symphyseal area, we examined the cross-sectional CT scan images taken for preoperative planning of implant placement with chin bone graft and some parameters were measured; (1) visuality rating of incisive canal (2) vertical and horizontal diameter of canal (3) distance from lower border of the incisive canal to the lower border of the mandible (4) shortest distance from anterior border of the incisive canal to the anterior border of the mandible. We report the positive outcome that decrease the complications related with the damages of incisive branch during bone harvesting from the chin.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2006

Atretic cephalocelces are defined as skin-covered midline subscalp lesions that contain meninges and rest of glial and/or central nervous system tissue. When the straight sinus is absent or rudimentary, the falcine sinus can be recanalized to enable venous drainage. Although the atretic cephalocele or persistent falcine sinus has largely been described in the pediatric population, it is a rarely observed in the adult population. We report a unique case of spontaneously involuted atretic cephalocele coexistent with persistent falcine sinus in an adult. MR images and MR venography were useful for diagnosis and accurate anatomical depiction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.337-350
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• 2020

The clinical manifestation of pericardial disease is similar to that of coronary artery disease and aortic disease. Therefore, a timely and accurate diagnosis is necessary. The pericardium is a 2-layered membrane that envelops the heart and great vessels, and there are numerous anatomic variations and pathologic conditions. Large or unusually located pericardial recesses can be easily mistaken for abnormal findings. Additionally, primary pericardial diseases resulting from infections, tumors, and injuries are possible; further, diseases can quickly spread along the pericardium. Echocardiography is generally the first imaging tool used to evaluate the pericardium. However, it has limited windows and poor resolution. Besides, the evaluation of postoperative echocardiography is sometimes limited. Currently, CT and MR imaging are useful for evaluating pericardial diseases. Detailed knowledge of the pericardium is important for interpreting the images and clinical results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.772-775
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• 2003

Moyamoya disease is an unusual cerebrovascular disorder characterized by occlusive intimal dysplasia of the distal internal carotid and proximal cerebral arteries, but the etiology remains unclear. Angiographic characteristics include bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portions of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and bilateral development of fine collateral vessels at the base of the brain known as ‘Moyamoya vessels’. Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass due to coronary artery disease and others among patients with moyamoya disease is very rare, and cardiac surgery for such patients has a potential risk of intraoperative and perioperative brain ischemia. We successfully treated a patient who underwent artrial septal defect closure and coronary artery bypass graft using the cardiopulmonary bypass, so we report this case with a brief literature review.