• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.54-55
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• 2020

In 4th Industrial Revolution, technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and Big data are closely related to the maritime industry, which led to the birth of autonomous vessels. Due to the technical characteristics of the current vessel, the speed cannot be suddenly lowered, so complex communication such as the help of a tug boat, boarding of a pilot, and control of the vessel at the onshore control center is required to berth at the port. In this study, clustering analysis was used to resolve how to establish control criteria for vessels to enter port when autonomous vessels are operating. K-Means clustering was used to quantitatively stage the arrival pattern based on the accumulated AIS(Automatic Identification System) data of the incoming vessel, and the arrival phase using SOG(Speed over Ground), COG(Course over Ground), and ROT(Rate of Turn) Was divided into six phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.339-343
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• 2022

In this study, a method for simplifying the structure of the VDES RF receiver, and the gain control method of the receiver to comply with the international standard in this structure was described. The input level of the wanted signal and unwanted signal to the receiver was defined, and when the two signals were input, the saturation state at the ADC was checked at the receiver output. As a result of the simulation by the circuit simulator, it was satisfied that the output power of the receiver was in the SFDR region of ADC with respect to the adjacent channel interference ratio, intermodulation, and blocking level. Through this study, it was found that the structure of th proposed RF receiver conforms to the international standard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2023

There have been cases where the number of port workers has temporarily decreased due to COVID-19. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, a number of workers were quarantined, resulting in bottlenecks and waiting throughout the port operation process, increasing the congestion of terminals. As a result, problems such as a decrease in terminal operation efficiency occurred. However, it is understood that congestion centered on unloading equipment inside the terminal is not clearly calculated. Terminal congestion is thought to be a key factor directly related to the operational efficiency of the terminal. The congestion calculation method generally used in various fields measures congestion based on image-based data. Due to the nature of the loading and unloading equipment that moves according to the quantitative loading plan, it is unreasonable to apply the existing congestion calculation method. Therefore, this study presented a method of calculating terminal congestion using equipment waiting time and turnaround time, and verified the statistical significance of the congestion calculated using data from Terminal A of Busan Port.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.3-4
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• 2021

Korea government has developed Korean e-Navigation service to assist ship's collision avoidance, and is providing it since Jan. 2021 to korean vessels to reduce marine accidents caused by human error which is regarded as main reason of marine accidents. It is a huge achievement itself because it is a real-time maritime safety information service based on digital communication, but still has room for improvement to provide customized information for each vessel, such as considering ship's characteristics. This research analyzes current status and requirement of collision avoidance assistance service. Lastly, it suggests direction of improvement of service such as using data science, artificial intelligence(AI).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, congestion within container terminals has led to a significant increase in waiting time and turnaround time for external trucks, resulting in a severe inefficiency in gate-in and gate-out operations. In response, port authorities have implemented a Vehicle Booking System (VBS) for external trucks. It is currently in a pilot operation. However, due to issues such as information sharing among stakeholders and lukewarm participation from container transport entities, its improvement effects are not pronounced. Therefore, this study proposed a deep learning-based predictive model for external trucks turnaround time as a foundational dataset for addressing problems of waiting time for external trucks' turnaround time. We experimented with the presented predictive model using actual operational data from a container terminal, verifying its predictive accuracy by comparing it with real data. Results confirmed that the proposed predictive model exhibited a high level of accuracy in its predictions.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.377-383
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• 2019

Naval ships that are navigating always have the possibility of colliding, but there is no clear maneuvering procedure for collision avoidance, and there is a tendency to depend entirely on the intuitive judgment of the Officer Of Watch (OOW). In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey when and how to avoid collision for the OOW in a Constant Bearing, Decreasing Range (CBDR) situation wherein the naval ships encountered obstacles. Using the results of the questionnaire survey, we analyzed the CBDR situation of encountering obstacles, and how to avoid collision in day/night. The most difficult to maneuver areas were Pyeongtaek, Mokpo, and occurred mainly in narrow channels. The frequency appeared on average about once every four hours, and there were more of a large number of ships encountering situations than the 1:1 situation. The method of check of collision course confirmation was more reliable with the eye confirmation results, and priority was given to distance at closest point of approach (DCPA) and time at closest point of approach (TCPA). There was not a difference in DCPA between the give-way ship and stand-on ship, but a difference between day and night. Also, most navigators prefer to use maneuvering & shifting when avoiding collisions, and steering is 10-15°, shifting ±5knots, and the drift course was direction added stern of the obstacles to the direction of it. These results will facilitate in providing officers with standards for collision avoidance, and also apply to the development of AI and big data based unmanned ship collision avoidance algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2010

ENC(Electronic Navigational Chart) is an electronic chart that digitize nautical chart including all kinds of information of nautical chart. Mariners have difficulty reading information because of clutter problem if display scale of ECDIS is lower than compilation scale of ENCs. IHO made SCAMIN improvement model included in S-65 Standard to settle this ENC clutter problem. This SCAMIN model includes both simple restriction that should safety some requirement and share geographic information. and hard restriction that should overlap with area object such as depth area, land area, dredge area. It also apply SCAMIN step of sounding value according to importance of safety navigation. In this paper, we analyzed the restrictions for SCAMIN model of S-65 Standard, developed algorithm and application to apply theses restrictions reasonably and mechanically. Also we applied this algorithm and application to Korea ENCs and evaluated the result of performance.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2017

This paper analyzed the distribution characteristics of incidents of high seas watches and warnings using data from 2010 to 2014. High seas watches and warnings are critical to the vessels and marine operators of the region, etc. because they affect the ability to safely maneuver. High seas often appear at the southern and middle regions of the East Sea and the eastern region of the South Sea. This phenomenon is closely connected to an extratropical cyclone's development and migration, as well as monsoon intensity. They occur primarily in winter(December ~ January) and spring(March ~ April). The statistical analysis of monthly high seas watches and warnings in both inshore and offshore areas shows a strong positive correlation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.699-702
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• 2009

Currently many vessels determine an overhead obstruction by a rule of thumb based on their draft for maritime navigation. Therefore they doesn't have a good overhead obstruction clearance because vertical position of vessels varies on time by tidal. As a result, it is occurred maritime accidents that the mainmast of vessels is bumped against overhead facilities. And disaster by global warming and rising sea levels have increased casualties. So we feel keenly the necessity of warning system for not an earthquake but disaster wave such a tsunami. This paper analyzes a precise GPS ephemeris for maritime precise positioning to solve these problems. The precise GPS ephemeris provided by International GNSS service gives a difficulty to real-time application because of its sample interval. This paper proposes an effective interpolation method for real-time application, and it analyzes an accuracy of precise GPS ephemeris through an interpolation method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.745-748
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• 2001

Digital-ship is the next-generation ship with an one-man bridge system which consists of INS(Intelligent Navigation System), AIS(Automatic Identification System), and IMIT(Integrated Maritime Information Technology). INS implements the functions is related of the ship's navigation, and supports in the digital GIS environments optimal route planning, stranding and a collision avoidance among the ship, an economic navigation, and an integrated control of ship's engine. AIS prevents the ship's collision by means of transmitting periodically the own ship's information to the other ship or the shore control center. IMIT systems supports the integrated fiat-form in ships, the communication between a ship and a control center of the land using the INMARSAT, OrbComm, Ocean Observation Satellite, and etc. The satellite communication in ships can monitor the ship at an earth control renter. This paper deals with the method for system implementation of digital-ship and the detailed sub-system.