• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.150-152
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• 2019

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.765-772
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• 1997

제주지역 돼지에서 각종 전염성 질병 원인체에 대한 항체를 조사하여 그간 전염성 병원체에 대한 역학조사가 미진하였던 부분을 보완하여 질병의 분포를 파악하고자 1995년부터 1996년에 걸쳐 제주도 전역에서 돼지의 혈청을 채취하여 각종 병원체에 대한 항체 분포율을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 검사한 돼지 혈청 시료에서는 돼지 오제스키병 바이러스에 대한 항체는 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 돼지 콜레라바이러스에 대한 항체는 기대 수준 이하로 낮아 백신접종이 원활히 수행되고 있지 않음을 시사하였으며 특히 농장에 따라 항체 보유돈과 항체 음성돈이 혼재하는 농장과 항체가 전혀 검출되지 않는 농장 등 돼지 콜레라 방역의 사각지대가 존재할 가능성이 있음을 보여주었다. 유 사산 원인체인 돼지 파보바이러스 및 뇌심근염에 대한 항체가가 다양하게 나타나 일부 문제가 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 돼지 생식기호흡기증후군(PRRS) 바이러스에 대한 항체 분포율은 내륙 보다 다소 낮게 나타났고, 돼지 influenza virus, 위축성 비염, 흉막 폐염 등 각종 세균성 질환에 대한 항체수준도 다양하게 나타났다. 본 혈청학적인 연구결과는 제주지역에서의 양돈방역 정책수립 및 질병방제의 기초자료로 유용하게 이용될 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1980

The purpose of this paper is to study the incidence of humoral antibody to reovirus type 2 in the sera of the Koreans and animal(swine) at random. All the 614 of human beings and 877 of swine sera were collected during the period from June to December, 1979, from the healthy persons in the National Seoul Hospital and swine blood was collected from 25 different areas of June to 30th of September in 1977. The HI test was put with plastic plates according to the methods by Rosen(1960 a and 1974). The total 73.29% of the 614 cases in human and the 61.80% of the 877 in swine confirmed as a hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. In human the 76.47% of the 442 male cases and the 65.12% of the 172 female ones were confirmed to have humoral antibodies. The positive rate was widely shown in each age group. But the 31 to 50 old age groups showed a little higher than any other age group, which came to the 85.71% in 41-50 and the 78.72% in 31-40 old age groups. The monthly distribution of HI antibody was shown to reach the 93.22% of the 59 cases in June. This per cent was much higher than of any other distribution. Accordingly, the auther came to the conclusion that there is reovirus type 2 in all the parts of Korea and most of the Koreans have the higher rates of antibody. However, the positive rate of antibody was the 542 out of the 877 cases(61.8%) from the swine and antibodies was confirmed from the 25 different areas in Korea. The seasonal distribution of the antibody showed these high rates. In domestics animals; blood from the swine showed that distribution of HI antibodies to reoviras type 2. These antibody appears from the various areas of the province in Korea. For this reasons, reovirus was widely distributed in this country.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1977

1. The total 1,204 of human sera from January to December, 1976 of the out-patients in St. Mary's Hospital were tested one by one. The total 57.6% of the 1,204 cases were confirmed as a hemagglutination inhibition antibodies, and 58.18% out of 574 male cases and 57.14% of 630 female cases were confirmed to have antibodies, respectively. 2. The monthly distribution of hemagglutination inhibition antibody was shown to be 91.2% out of 34 cases in October, 1976 but other months it was low. 3. In the group whose age was from 51 to 60, it was 64.6% and this shows that the group was markedly higher than others.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a variety of birds with a wide range of clinical signs from asymptomatic to severe. During a 10-month period in 2011, a total of 1,024 sera from wild birds including 42 species of birds in 8 orders were collected and the seroprevalence of NDV in wild birds was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Evidence of NDV infection was observed in 12.6% (129/1,024) of wild birds with a maximum prevalence reported in Mandarin duck (27.8%, 32/115) followed by Mallard duck (20.8%, 57/274), Spot-billed duck (11.9%, 36/303), Pintail (2.9%, 1/34), Black-tailed gull (2.9%, 1/34), White-fronted goose (1.8%, 1/56) and Common teal (1.4%, 1/69). None of the other 35 species of wild birds were antibody-positive for NDV. Mandarin duck, Mallard duck and Spot-billed duck showed high sero-prevalance of 12.2% to 42% during winter season (November to March). Our results indicate that Mandarin duck, Mallard duck and Spot-billed duck might be natural reservoirs for NDV in Korea and the prevalence of NDV infection in wild birds displayed a seasonal pattern with high prevalence of NDV in winter season (November to March).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 1983

Haemophilus parahaemolyticus(pleuropneumoniae)균(菌)(HP균(菌)) 혈청(血淸) 1형(型)(4074주(株)), 2형(型)(1536주(株)), 3형(型)(1421주(株)) 및 5형(型)(966주(株))의 혈청반응특이성(血淸反應特異性)을 검토할 목적으로, 2주령(週齡)의 SPF돈(豚)에 HP균(菌) 신선분리주(新鮮分離株)(HP8주(株))를 경비접종(經鼻接種)하여 경시적(經時的)으로 나타나는 항체가(抗體價)를 주로 응집반응(凝集反應)(AG)과 보체결합반응(補體結合反應)(CF)으로 비교검토하였다. 아울러 야외(野外)에서 채취한 돈혈청(豚血淸)에 대하여 각 혈청형별(血淸型別) 항체가(抗體價)의 분포(分布)도 AG및 CF반응(反應)으로 조사하였다. 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 응집항체(凝集抗體)(AG항체(抗體)) 및 보체결합항체(補體結合抗體)(CF항체(抗體))는 접종(接種)한 다음 1주일에 나타나기 시작하였고, AG항체(抗體)는 접종(接種) 2주후에 그리고 CF항체(抗體)는 2~3주후에 최고치를 나타내었다. 그리고 CF항체(抗體)는 AG항체(抗體)보다 약간 늦게 나타나는 경향이 인정되었다. 2. HP균(菌)(HP 8주(株))혈청(血淸) 2형감염돈(型感染豚) 혈청(血淸)에 대한 각 혈청항원간(血淸抗原間)의 반응(反應)에서는 항체가(抗體價)가 낮기는 하나 교차반응(交叉反應)이 안정되었고, 특히 혈청(血淸) 1형(型) 5형항원(型抗原)에서 이러한 현상이 인정되었다. 3. 야외혈청(野外血淸)에 대한 HP균(菌)의 혈청형별항체(血淸型別抗體)는 주로 HP균(菌)2형(型)이 대부분이었고, 그 검출양성율(檢出陽性率)은 AG반응(反應)에서 48.6%, CF반응(反應)에서 37.1%를 나타내고 있어, HP균혈청(菌血淸) 2형균(型菌)의 감염(感染)이 존재함이 혈청학적(血淸學的)으로 확인되었다. 4. HP균(菌)의 혈청반응(血淸反應)의 실시에 있어서는 AG반응(反應)에서 나타나는 비특이반응(非特異反應)은 가검혈청(可檢血淸)을 kaolin처리 함으로서 이를 배제할 수 있었고, CF반응(反應)에 있어서는 신선자우혈청(新鮮仔牛血淸)을 보체계(補體系)에 첨가함으로써 효과적인 반응을 실시할 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 1989

Detection of antibody against pathogenic fungi in serum specimens of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or other lung diseases has been carried out(male) using the indirect fluorescence antibody technique and immunodiffusion tests. Immunodiffusion tests revealed that 104(36.5%) out of 285 patients examined showed a positive precipitin reaction against one or more of fungal antigens. The majority of ID positive patients 64(61.5%) reacted with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen and 49(47.1%) patients reacted with Candida albicans antigen ID positive reaction to A. fumigatus was found little more frequently among male patients, while Candida albicans reactors were found more frequently among female patients. Age distribution of ID positive reactors was high(49.1-43.3%) in age group of 40-59 years, but least or none in age group of less than 30 years. Age of fungal mycelium used as antigen did not effect sensitivity of the indirect flubrescence (IF) technique in detecting antibody to A. fumigatus. Antibody class against A. fumigatus that showed highest titer was IgG and thus FITC labeled anti-IgG immunoglobulin shoul be preferable. As relatively large amount of cell wall components of Aspergilli shared antigenically, a considerable cross-reaction was observed among A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger, but not much with C. albicans. While (IF) has much better sensitivity when compared with ID, relative specificity of the latter procedure cannot to be overried, so that they could be batter used together in order to obtain quantitative measurement of antibody with relative specificity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.355-365
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the distribution and differentiation on the immunoreacted cells of the ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) at the Meynert basal nucleus of the forebrains in the growth periods of rat, using the immunohistochemistric method. According to the cell shape and the ratio of long axis vs short axis of cell soma, the ChAT antibody reacted nerve cells in the Meynert basal nucleus of the rats were classified into six types. In the adult rats, the FD (frequency distributions) of round, oval and elongated cells were maximum. The FD of these types were shown to be progressively decreased during the postnatal development. In addition, the FD of elongated nerve cells in were observed in the adult rats respectively. This was thought to be the same phenomenon as those in the round and oval cells . The total mean volume of ChAT antibody reacted cell somata was lowest in the PND (postnatal days) 7 rats and was highest in the PND 21 rats. But, those were decreased to the adult. These results suggest that ChAT antibody reacted nerve cells grow up to PND 21 and then, differentiate into the various types by neurites outgrowing. On the electron micrography, the adult rat forebrain cells were obtained to be well developed ribosomes, polysomes , rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria. The immunreactivities were observed in ribosomes, polysomes, rough endoplasmic reticula and outer membrane of mitochondria. Golgi complexes were poorly developed and not showed jmmunreactivity. The ribosomes , polysomes and endoplasmic reticula are considered to be closely related to the inter cellular localization and biosynthesis of the ChAT but not Golgi complex. According to the results in the present study, it is considered that the ChAT-immunoreacted nerve cells in the Meynert basal nucleus of the rat forebrains are differentiated throughout the postnatal development with following processes of changes; 1) the cholinergic nerve cells develop postnatally 2) cell soma volumes gradually increase during the early postnatal days 3) and then, cells differentiate into the various types by projecting the neurites to the appropriate area after PND 21.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2004

To characterize the recent outbreaks of canine distemper (CD) in Korea, we carried out epidemiological investigations by clinical observations, serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titer determination and RT-PCR on the 315 dogs which were clinically suspected as canine distemper virus (CDV) infection. One hundred and sixty two of 315 dogs were infected with CDV. Breed or gender did not seem to have effects on the prevalence of CD. The major part of dogs were in young age from 6 weeks to 18 weeks of age, and were not vaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. Clinical signs of dogs with CD were multi systemic and extremely variable. Dogs died from CD had significantly more ocular signs and neurologic signs than those of dogs survived (p<0.05). The SN titers against CDV of 157 (96.9%) dogs were under 1:16, which is less than protective level. One possible explanation for recent outbreaks of CD in Korea might be low antibody titers against CDV because of vaccination failure. Therefore, to reduce the impact of virulent infection in the dog population, dogs should be vaccinated adequately and prophylactic measures should include isolation of young dogs from the dog population until vaccination can be expected to provide protection.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.402-417
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the use of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) as a carrier of the receptor-binding ligand the receptor mediated uptake into liver and subsequent metabolism of $^{111}In-labeled$ galactosylated MoAb-chelator conjugates were investigated and compared with those of $^{111}In$ labeled MoAb. Materials and Methods : T101 MoAb, $IgG_2$ against human lymphocytic leukemic cell, conjugated with cyclic DTPA dianhydride (DTPA) or 2-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-6-methyl-DTPA (1B4M) was galactosylated with 2-imino-2-methoxyethyl-1-thio-${\beta}$-D-galactose and then radiolabeled with $^{111}In$. Biodistribution and metabolism study was peformed with two $^{111}In-conjugates$ in mice and rats. Results: $^{111}In-labeled$ T101 and its galactosylated conjugates were taken to the liver by the time, mostly within 10 min. However DTPA conjugate was retained longer in the liver than the 1B4M conjugate (55% vs 20% of injected dose at 44 hr). During this time, the radiornetabolite of DTPA conjugate was excreted similarly into urine (24%) and feces (17%). The radiometabolite of 1B4M was excreted primarily into feces (68%) rather than urine (8%). Size exclusion HPLC analysis of the bile and supernatant of liver homogenate showed two peaks the first (35%) with the retention time (Rt) identical to IgG and the second (65%) with Rt similar to free $^{111}In$ at 3 hr post-injection for the 1B4M conjugate, indicating that the metabolite is rapidly excreted through the biliary system. in contrast to DTPA conjugate, the small $^{111}In-DTPA-like$ metabolite was the major radioindium component (90%) in the liver homogenate as early as 3 hour post-injection, but the cumulative radioindium activity in feces was only 17% at 44 hour, indicating that the metabolite from DTPA conjugate does not clear readily through the biliary tract. Conclusion: The galactosylation of the MoAb conjugates resulted in higher hepatocyte uptake and enhanced metabolism, compared to those without galactosylation. Metabolism of the MoAb-conjugates is different between compounds radiolabled with different chelators due to different characteristics of radiometabolites generated in the liver.