• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2011

Objective : Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects millions of people in the developed world. The disease is characterized by concurring airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine production, increased mucus secretion, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen, and pulmonary fibrosis. To investigate the therapeutic and anti-asthmatic effects of Drynariae Rhizoma (DR), we examined the influence of DR on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of DR on airway hyperresponsiveness, pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration, various immune cell phenotypes, Th2 cytokine production and OVA specific IgE production in a mouse model of asthma. Results : In asthmatic mice, we found that DR.treated groups had suppressed eosinophil infiltration, allergic airway inflammation and AHR by suppressing the production of IL-5, IL-13 and OVA specific IgE. Conclusions : Our data suggest that the therapeutic mechanism by which DR effectively treats asthma is based on reductions of Th2 cytokines (IL-5), eotaxin, OVA-specific IgE production and eosinophil infiltration.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2003

목적 : 정천탕(定喘湯, JCT)이 IgE/mast cell로 유포되는 천식(喘息)등의 알러지성 질환에 대한 효과를 실험적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 방법 : IgE의 혈중농도와(in vivo) 분비 량을 측정하였으며(in vitro), 알러지 관련 유전자의 발현을 RT-PCR로 검색하였고, JCT의 수용성 복합 추출물이 compound 48/80로 유발되는 mast cell line(IC-2)의 histamine의 방출에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 측정하였다(in vitro). 결과 : 정천탕은 ovalbumin으로 유발시킨 마우스의 혈중 IgE량과 IL-4와 CD-40로 유도시킨 spleen B 임파구의 IgE 생성량도 현저하게 감소시켰다. 또한 INF-r의 발현은 증가시킨 반면, IL-4와 IL-6의 발현과 mast cell의 histamine 방출은 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 정천탕의 항알러지 효과를 실험적으로 확인 할 수 있었으며 임상적으로는 천식등 알러지성 질환에 사용 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.240-264
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• 2017

The present study was carried out to identify traditional konwledges on Korean Campanulaceae plants and conduct a comprehensive review of them through analyzing phytochemistry and pharmacology of Korean Campanulaceae plants. According to the literature study, the ethnobotanical plants of Korean Campanulacae consisted of a total 18 taxa. Of them, 12 taxa including Platycodon grandiflorus, Adenophora triphylla var. japonica, Codonopsis lanceolata and others have been used as ethnomedicinal plants. These plants have been used for the treatment of 49 diseases such as cold, asthma and postnatal care. Phytochemical studies have identified the constituents present from Korean Campanulaceae (Adenophora, Codonopsis, Platycodon, Campanula and Asyneuma). A wide range of chemical compounds comprised 109 triterpenes, 8 sterols, 4 polyacetylenes, 21 alkaloids, 14 flavonoids, 14 phenolic acids, 11 phenolic glycosides, 8 phenylpropanoids and 22 other compounds. Pharmacological studies of these compounds have demonstrated immuno-stimulating, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, apophlegmatic and anti-allergic effects. They have also shown antioxidant, estrogenic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antinociception and anti-tumor activities, as well as anti-obesity and cardiovascular effects. In light of traditional knowledge and phytochemical and pharmacological studies summarized, uses of Korean Campanulaceae based on traditional knowledge (for the treatment diseases and conditions of respiratory, pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium, genitourinary, circulatory, musculoskeletal and other systems) have been supported by phytochemical and pharmacological studies.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.382-385
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• 2002

It is well known that the Petasites japonicum have been used for a long time in traditional medicine for the treatment of allergic diseases such as lacquer poisoning and asthma. Anti-allergic actions of Petasites japonicum extracts were asessed by testing their effects on the degranulation of mast cells. For this, hexosaminidase released (degranulation marker) from RBL-2H3 cells(mast cell line) was used. At the concentration of 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of the methanol, ethylacetate and hot water extract, the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells were inhibited 83.33, 69.75 and 35.4%, respectively. These results suggest that the Petasites japonicum could be provide a effective resource for the control of allergic diseases.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.404-405
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2012

The feature of asthma are airway inflammation (AI), reversible airway obstruction, and an increased sensitivity to bronchoconstricting agents, elevated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), excess production of Th2 cytokines, and eosinophil accumulation in the lungs. This study was performed to investigate if oral administration of $Scutellaria$ $baicalensis$ Georgi water extracts (SBG) have the antiasthmatic potential for the treatment of asthma. Asthmatic HI and AHR were induced by systemic sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) with intratracheal instillation with 0.1 mg/mL of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) suspension once a week for 10 weeks in BALB/c mice. SBG was orally administered with the concentraion of 200 mg/kg 5 days a week for 10 weeks. Long-term SBG treatment suppressed the eosinophil infiltration into airways from blood, the asthmatic AI and AHR by attenuating the production of cytokine IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, histamine and OVA-specific IgE. Our data suggest that SBG has inhibitory effects on AI and AHR in a mouse model of asthma, may act as a potential Th2 cytokine antagonist, and may have a therapeutic effect on allergic asthma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2001

Background : Inhaled glucocorticoids are the medical treatment of choice in asthma patients. Fluticasone propionate is one of the most effective inhaled corticosteroids and has been reported to have minimal effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis at the recommended dose. However, reports of long-term trials characterizing their systemic safety with chronic use are rare. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term safety of inhaled fluticasone propionate to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Method : This study was conducted on 21 patients to evaluate the adrenal response to rapid ACTH stimulation test after 6 months of treatment with fluticasone propionate from $200\;{\mu}g$ to $750\;{\mu}g$ daily. The serum cortisol levels was measured to assess its effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis just prior to the injection, at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after an intramuscular injection of synthetic ACTH. Result : The mean dose of inhaled fluticasone propionate was $355\;{\mu}g$ per day(SD=$174\;{\mu}g$, range=$200\;{\mu}g$ to $750\;{\mu}g$). The mean serum cortisol levels of the patients was $11.0\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$(SD=$6.4\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$) prior to the injection, $20.0\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$ (SD=$7.7\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$) after 30 minutes, and $23.0\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$(SD=$6.3\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$) after 60 minutes. Sixteen patients of the 21 patients had a normal response(> $18\;{\mu}g/d{\ell}$), and 5 out of the 21 patients had serum cortisol levels below the normal range after the rapid ACTH stimulation test. Conclusion: Adrenal suppression occurred in 5 out of 21 patients with 6 months treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.813-821
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• 2015

Asthma is an increasing global health problem, and novel strategies to prevent or ameliorate the condition are needed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-asthma effects of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica extracts. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of 80% ethanol extracts (AE) of A. triphylla on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. AE treatment inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In particular, NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine production was suppressed more effectively by aerial parts (AE-A) than roots (AE-R) of A. triphylla. Quantitative RT-PCR assay showed that AE reduced mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2. We also evaluated the anti-asthmatic effects of AE-A in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c mouse model. AE-A supplementation significantly reduced the amounts of airway eosinophils, IL-4 and IL-13 levels in BALF, and IgE levels in serum as compared with untreated, OVA-induced mice. These results suggest that AE-A can be considered as a therapeutic agent to potentially relieve asthma.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2012

Objective : In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological profile of the aqueous extract of $Patrinia$ $scabiosaefolia$ Fischer ex Link (EPS) and $Patrinia$ $villosa$ Jussieu (EPV) for its anti-asthmatic activities. The purpose of this study is to ascertain if EPS result in better anti-asthmatic activities and functional outcome as compared with EPV. Methods : In this study, BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed intratracheally, intraperitoneally, and by aerosol allergen challenges. We investigated the effect of EPS, EPV on the recruitment of pulmonary inflammatory cells, various immune cell phenotypes, Th1/Th2 cytokine gene expression and production and histamine production in serum. Results : In BALB/c mice, we found that EPV-treated groups had more effectively suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration of lung and BALF, B220+IgE+, CD11b+Gr-1+ cell population in lung and these occurred by suppressing the gene expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-4 cytokine production in BALF and serum. Conclusions : These results suggest that EPV may play an important role in the control of anti-asthmatic activities by down-regulation of Th2 cytokine (especially IL-4, IL-5). In general, EPV has shown a better anti-asthmatic activities compared to EPS.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.343-350
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• 2009

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of Samjajihwang-tang (SJT) using OVA-induced asthmatic mice model. Asthmatic mice model was conducted by repeated challenge of OVA using C57BL/6 mice. Each group was treated with distilled water, SJT (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) extract or cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg) for the later 8 weeks, Penh (plethysmography and enhanced pause), immune cells subpopulation, eotaxin, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$, Anti-OVA-lgE in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage), and lung tissue was analyzed, No cytotoxicity of SJT was shown on hFCs (human fibroblast cells). Administration of SJT significantly decreased Penh levels comparing to control group. SJT treatment significantly ameliorated the increase of total cells number and eosinophil including of immune cell subpopulation of $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CCR3^+$, $B220^+/CD22^+$, $B220^+/CD45^+$, and $B220^+/lgE^+$ cells in BALF comparing to control group. Eotaxin, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$, and Anti-OVA-lgE level in BALF were significantly decreased by SJT treatment too. Histopathological finding verified the improvement of infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen tissue in the SJT groups comparing to control group. These results strongly suggest that SJT would be a effective candidate for herbal-originated anti-asthmatic drug. However, this drug should be further studied for characterization of the accurate action and underlying mechanisms using variant disease model in the future.