• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to produce polyclonal antibody to adipocyte plasma membrane (APM) proteins isolated from pig, and to investigate its tissue specificity. Plasma membrane proteins from adipocyte, brain, heart, kidney, liver and spleen were isolated using a self-forming Percoll gradient. Sheep (40kg) was immunized three times at three week interval with the purified APM proteins. Blood was taken from non-immunized sheep (NS) and from immunized sheep at 10 (AS-1), 12 (AS-2), and 14 (AS-3) days after the third immunization. Antisera titers and cross-reactivity against other tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antisera reacted strongly to APM proteins showing detectable amounts of antibody at 1：81,000 dilution. And antisera showed much stronger reactivity to APM proteins than any other tissue plasma membrane proteins. Furthermore, tissue specificity of antisera against APM was reconfirmed by immunoblotting using anti-sheep immunoglobulin G-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as a secondary antibody Antisera to APM proteins showed adipocyte specificity compared with other tissues. In conclusion, polyclonal antibody against APM proteins isolated from pig was developed successfully in our laboratory, and these antisera showed tissue specificity with APM.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.552-557
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of anti-Salmonella gallinarum-specific IgY separated from egg yolk obtained from layers immunized by S. gallinarum. The comparison tests of vaccination, content of IgY and innoculation number were examined by microscopic observation, turbidity, and pH. The results show that the ratio of anti-S. gallinarum IgY in the total IgY was 23%. Also, the anti-S. gallinarum IgY had selectivity only to S, gallinarum. The 0.3% addition of anti-S. gallinarum-specific IgY resulted in agglutinating clusters of S, gallinarum cells, but the agglomeration didn#t occur in IgY from layers not immunized nor in the control group. Microscopic observation indicated agglomerative cells when IgY was added at 0.2% or higher, and the pH and turbidity examinations revealed that a suppression effect was remarkable in IgY at more than 0.1%. These results suggest the possibility that IgY extracted from eggs and obtained from layers immunized by S. gallinarum can be used to prevent fowl typhoid.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2013

Pruritus is a unpleasant symptom in the skin that provokes the act of or desire to scratch. Mast cells are important effector cells in allergic reactions such as pruritus and inflammation. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the synergic anti-pruritic and anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellariae Radix (SB) plus Flos Loncerae (FL) extracts in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs), pruritogen-induced scratching mice and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced allergic mice. We investigated the effect of SB, FL and SB plus FL extracts on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and histamine in RPMCs, on the scratching behavior in ICR mice, and skin clinical serverity and inflammatory mediators in DNFB-induced allergic hairless mice. RPMCs stimulated with PMA plus A23187 or compound 48/80 significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ or histamine production compared with media control. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ IL-$1{\beta}$ or histamine levels increased by PMA plus A23187 or compound 48/80 treatment were significantly inhibited by SB, FL in a dose-dependent manner. Especially, SB plus FL pretreatment had a synergic inhibitory effects on stimulator-induced cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$) and histamine production. Moreover, SB plus FL administration had a synergic inhibitory effects on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin, substance P) in ICR mice. Furthermore, SB plus FL administration had a synergic inhibitory effects on skin damage, inflammatory mediators, leukocyte and mast cell infiltration induced by DNFB in hairless mice. These results suggest that SB plus FL administration has a potential use as a medicinal plant for treatment against itching and inflammation-related skin disease.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 1992

Acanthamoeba sap., free-living amoebae inhabited in moist soil, pond, freshwater, sewage, atmosphere and swimming pool, may be causative protozoa of the fatal primary amoebic meningoence-phalitis in experimental animals and humans. In this study, Acar,thamoeba spry. , including Acan. thamoeba sp. YM-4 (isolated strain from Korea) had been compared by the two-dimensional electrophoresis and hybridoma technique as well as the difference of morphological characteristics. Trophozoite of Acenthamoeba sp. YM-4 is usually uninucleate and show the hyaline filamentous projections (acanthopoda) . No aagellate stage observed. Cysts have two walls, the outer wall is nearly circular, but inner wall is oval or some irregular. As results of SDS-PAGE for Iysate of Acanthamoeba sp. VM-4, 16 major protein fractions are similiar to those of A. cuzbertsoni, but different to A. royreba and A. polyphaga. Findings of two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of Acanthamceba sp. YM-4 are almost same to those of A. culberssoni, The isotope of monoclonal antibodies produced from McAY 6, McAY 7, McAY 8, McAY 13 and McAY 16 clones were IgGl, and McAY 10 and McAY 11 clones were IsM. As results of the cross-reactivity among various amoebae using ELISA with monoclonal antibodies, McAY 7 monoclonal antibody (molecular weight 43 kDa by EITB) was only reacted with Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4, but McAY 6 and McAY 10 monoclonal antibodies were reacted to A. cuzbertsoni as well as Acanthamoeba sp. YM-4.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 1983

In order to obtain more specific antigenic preparation for the diagnosis of human paragonlmiasis, crude saline extract of whole worm (=PwWWE), secretory.excretory components (PwSEC) and secretion-excretion-free somatic extract (PwSM) of 12 week-old ParagoninBus westermani were filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel column. The adult Paragonimus worms were obtained from expevimentally infected doge. A total of 11 antigenic solutions was Iyophilised or diluted to adjust protein content of 1mg/ml. To evaluate the antigenicity of crude antigens and fractions, micro-ELISA was done with the sera from P westermani in(ected cases, C. sinensis infected cases and non-infected control cases to detect Paragonimus specific IgG antibody. The results were as follows: 1. When the PwWWE was filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel, it was separated into three fractions; PwWWE Fr. 1, PwWWE Fr. 2 and PwWWE Fr. 3. The percentage of protein content was 28.0%, 21.6% and 50.4% respectively. The PwSM was also. separated into three fractions; PwSM Fr. 1, PwSM Fr. 2, PwSM Fr. 3. and their percentage of protein content was 41.3%, 38.6% and 20.1%. However, the PwSEC showed different fractionation pattern; i.e. fraction 1 (=PwSEC Fr.1) and 3 (PwSEC Fr. 3) without fraction 2. The percentage of protein content was 14.0% in PwSEC Fr. 1 and 86.0% in PwSEC Fr. 3. 2. When the antigenicity of each Paragonimus crude antigen and fractionated antigen was evaluated for specific IgG aritibody by micro-ELISA in 10 human paragonimiasis sera, PwSEC Fr, 1 was the most potent antigen showing the mean absorbance 1.98. The PwWWE Fr. 1, PwSEC, PwWWE were next to that: their mean absorbance were 1.72, 1.38 and 0.83 respectively. The antigenicity of fractions 2 and 3 was much weaker in binding specific IgG antibody. 3. When the antigens were reacted in micro-ELISA with 10 human clonorchiasis sera, most antigens showed weak reactivity. Each fraction 1 of crude antigens reacted higher than other fractions or crude antigens; the mean absorbance was 0.17 in fraction 1, but in others the absorbances were about 0.06. 4. With non-infected control sera, the result of micro-RLISA revealed almost same pattern with those of the clonorchiasis sera. From the above results, it became apparent that PwWWE Fr. 1, especially PwSEC Fr. 1 was the most potent antigen reacted with Paragonisfaus specific IgG antibody.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 1993

Effects of Paragonims westermai infection were observed in mice on the change of serum IgE level, the number of peripheral eosinophils and the distribution of Thy $1.2^{+}{\;}(CD3),{\;}L3T4^{+}{\;}(CD4),{\;}and{\;}Lyt-2^{+}$ (CD8) splenic T Iymphocytes without mitogen serum IgE increased at 3 weeks after the infection and reached a peak on week 4 and maintained high levels of IgE until the 23r6 week. Peripheral eosinophil numbers Increased at the second week and attained peak level on week 9. The frequency of $L3T4^{+}$(CD4) and $Lyt-2^{+}$ (CD8) T Iymphocytes decreased slightly until 4 weeks after the infection, but not significantly. Absolute number of $L3T4^{+}{\;}and{\;}Lyt-2^{+}$ T Iymphocytes, and the ratio of L3T4/Lyt-2 were not markedly changed over the period of observation. The frequency of Thy $1.2^{+}$ (CD3) T lymphocytes in the infected group slightly decreased until 4 weeks after the infection and showed significant reductions at the 2nd and 4th week of the infection (p < 0.05).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 1995

Two hybridoma cell lines against Cwptosporinium possum oocysts nFRl-CN911 were produced. The isotype of these 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was IgG2b (lE7.2) and and IgM (C6). Enzyme immuno-transfer blotting analysis showed that 157.2 reacted specifically to 36 kDa protein and C6 reacted to 67 and 70 kDa proteins. C. pcnlum was bound specifically to the surface region of oocysts by these mobs. No cross-reactivity was observed with tachyzoites of ToxopLosma gonnii and oocysts of Eimeria zuernii,5. bouis and E. canadensis of bovine origin. The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) using mAb C6 was successful with counterstain. With the IIF using mob C6, oocysts appeared as 3 to $5{\mu}m$ spherical objects fluorescing bright apple green against a reddish dark background. The IIF using mAb C6 was agreed in specificity and sensitivity with those of a commercial diagnostic kit. These results demonstrated that the produced mAbs were specific to C. parvum and that the mAb C6 could be used for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 1992

Because no reference on trombiculid mites (Acarina: Trombiculidae) in Cheju Island where tsutsugamushi disease is highly endemic had been available, studies on trombiculid mites in Cheju Island were implemented during the period of August 1991-Apil 1992, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The species and numbers of the field rodents collected were 143 Apodemus agrarius chejuensis (92.3%), 11 Crocidura lasiura (7. l%) and 1 Micromys minutus (0.6%) From total 12,075 chiggers harvested, 9 species of 4 genera in Trombiculidae were identified. (2) The predominant species through all seasons was 1. setum (43.3%), followed by 1. orientale (27.4%) and 1. scutellare (26.6%). However, in autumn when the most cases of tsutsugamushi disease occur, 1. scutellere was prominently predominant, having 79.8% of the collected chiggers. (3) Among 1,1421. scutellare examined for Rickettsia tsutsugpmushi by means of IFA test, 6 individuals were found positive showing 0.5% of infection rate. This is the first finding that 1. scutellere is the second vector species of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea. (4) Antibody positive rate of A. agrarius chejuensis sera were 31.2% (44/139), and 1 M. minutes serum was also found positive. The seropositive rates by season were not so significantly different. Key words: Tsutsugamushi disease, epidemiology, vector species, Cheju Island, Korea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2005

Purpose : Human herpsevirus 8(HHV-8), a gamma herpsevirus, was initially identified from Kaposi sarcoma(KS) lesions and has been known to be associated with several malignancies including Kaposi sarcoma. HHV-8 seroprevalence is variable by different geographic areas and populations. The prevalence of HHV 8 infection in Korean children is unclear. So, we investigated the prevalence of HHV-8 specific antibodies in healthy children in Seoul, Korea. Methods : Sera were obtained from 112 children(age 1~15 years, 64 males and 48 females) who visited our hospital for routine health checkup and used for investigating sero-prevalence of anti-HHV-8 antibodies. An indirect immunofluorescent assay was used to detect the IgG antibodies to the lytic viral antigen(Biotrin, Dublin, Ireland). A peptide mix ELISA kit was used to detect the IgG antibodies to peptides specific for HHV-8 open reading frame (ORF)(Biotrin, Dublin, Ireland). Results : Of 112 children, 4 children younger than 6 years of age were seropositive to HHV-8[all 4(3.5%) were positive by IFA and 2(1.8%) were positive by ELISA]. Conclusion : These results suggest that the prevalence of antibody to HHV 8 in children in Korea is very low.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the changes in the outbreak of acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus gastroenteritis after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine in Korea. Methods: The current study investigated the number of inpatients in the pediatric ward of Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital during the periods of 2005-2006 and 2011-2012. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 2,840 patients <5 years of age who were hospitalized at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital in these time periods. Results: When we compared 2 separate sets of data from before (2005-2006) and after (2011-2012) vaccine introduction, there were statistically significant decreases in the number of patients who were hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis across all of the groups of patients <5 years of age except those <2 months of age. The number of patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis in all age groups declined except for children <2 months of age and those 2-5 months of age. Conclusion: These results show that after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in Korea, the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis decreased in 6-59-month-old patients hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis.