• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2006

Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from hydrolysis of glucoraphanin in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables, was shown to induce phase II detoxification enzymes and inhibit chemically induced mammary tumors in rodents. Recently, sulforaphane is known to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human canter cells, however its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In tile present study, we demonstrated that sulforaphane acted to inhibit proliferation and induce morphological changes of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells with $10{\mu}M\;or\;15{\mu}M$ sulforaphane resulted in significant G2/M cell cycle arrest as determined by DNA flow cytometry. Moreover, $20{\mu}M$ sulforaphane significantly induced the population of sub-G1 cells suggesting that sulforaphane induced apoptosis. This anti-proliferative effect of sulforaphane was accompanied by a marked inhibition of ryclin A, cyclin 31 and Cdc2 protein. However, the levels of tumor suppressor p53 and Cdk inhibitor p21 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased by sulforaphane treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Although further studies are needed, the present work suggests that sulforaphane may be a potential rhemoprevetiveichemotherapeucc agent for the treatment of human cancer cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.391-410
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• 2022

Human microbiota is a community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that inhabit various locations of the body, such as the gut, oral, and skin. Along with the development of metabolomic analysis and next-generation sequencing techniques for 16S ribosomal RNA, it has become possible to analyze the population for subtypes of microbiota, and with these techniques, it has been demonstrated that bacterial microbiota are involved in the metabolic and immunological processes of the hosts. While specific bacteria of microbiota, called commensal bacteria, positively affect hosts by producing essential nutrients and protecting hosts against other pathogenic microorganisms, dysbiosis, an abnormal microbiota composition, disrupts homeostasis and thereby has a detrimental effect on the development and progression of various types of diseases. Recently, several studies have reported that oral and gut bacteria of microbiota are involved in the carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal tumors and the therapeutic effects of anticancer therapy, such as radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Studying the complex relationships (bacterial microbiota-cancer-immunity) and microbiota-related carcinogenic mechanisms can provide important clues for understanding cancer and developing new cancer treatments. This review provides a summary of current studies focused on how bacterial microbiota affect gastrointestinal cancer and anticancer therapy and discusses compelling possibilities for using microbiota as a combinatorial therapy to improve the therapeutic effects of existing anticancer treatments.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

서 론: 5-FU와 cisplatin 병용항암화학요법은 국소진행성 두경부편평상피암의 유도화학요법으로 널리 사용되고 있는 요법이다. 저자들은 5-FU 대신 경구제재인 S-1을 cisplatin과 병용하는 복합항암요법의 효과와 안전성에 대해 연구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 저자들은 2007년 2월부터 2008년 12월까지 S1과 cisplatin의 복합유도화학요법을 시행받은 3/4기 구인두, 하인두, 후두, 구강 편평상피세포암 환자 52명의 치료결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 유도항암화학요법은 제 1일에 cisplatin(75 또는 60mg/$m^2$), 제1일부터 14일까지 S-1(40mg/$m^2$)을 1일 2회, 21일 간격으로 투여하였고 가능한 경우에는 항암방사선동시요법 또는 수술을 뒤이어 시행하였다. 결 과: 전체 52명 중 37명(71.2%)에서 부분반응을 보였으나 완전반응은 관찰되지 않았다. 2년 무진행생존율은 56.9%, 2년 전체생존율은 68.2%였다. 유도항암요법과 관련된 유해반응으로는 호중구감소증(71.2%) 및 빈혈(63.5%) 등과 같은 혈액학적 부작용이 가장 흔했다. 결 론: S-1과 cisplatin의 복합항암화학요법은 국소진행성 두경부편평상피암 환자를 대상으로 한 유도화학요법으로 적용이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 1998

Purpose : To determine whether TNF-$\alpha$ increases the antitumor effect of radiotherapy in murine syngeneic tumor system. Materials and Methods : Syngeneic murine tumors of MCa-K or MCa-4 (mammary carcinoma), OCa-I (ovarian carcinoma), or HCa-I(hepatocarcinoma were grown in hind legs of C3Hf/HeJ mice. When tumors were grown to 6 mm in mean diameter mice were treated with TNF-$\alpha$, radiation, or combination of the both. Gamma-radiation was given as a single dose of 30 Gy for HCa-I and 15 Gy for other tumors using Cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. A novel TNF-$\alpha$ mutein developed in Korea, was intraperitoneally administered daily at a dose of 10 ug per mouse for 7 days. In combination of radiation and TNF-$\alpha$, the drug was started 1 hour after radiation. Tumor growth delay assay was used to measure the tumor response to the treatment. Results : Among 4 tested tumors, TNF-$\alpha$ alone showed significant antitumor activity in MCa-K and OCa-I tumors, which showed absolute growth delay (AGD) of 5.0 days and 6.5 days, respectively. In combination with radiation, TNF-$\alpha$ showed significant delay of AGD (41.1 days) in OCA-I compared to AGDs of TNF-$\alpha$ alone and radiation, i.e., 6.5 days and 26.9 days, respectively(p<0.05). Enhancement factor was 1.29 in OCa-I, which showed supraadditive effect. TNF-$\alpha$ did not show significant delay of AGDs in the remaining 3 tumors compared to AGDs of TNF-$\alpha$ alone and radiation. Conclusions: TNF-$\alpha$ alone showed antitumor effects in MCa-K and OCa-I. In combination with radiation, TNF-$\alpha$ acted in supraadditive way in OCa-I only. The results of this study imply that the combination of TNF-$\alpha$ and radiation has different therapeutic potential depending on tumor model and further study is advocated.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of safe handling education of antineoplastic drug on knowledge and performance of clinical nurses. Methods: This was a nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest study. A total of 49 nurses (25 for the experimental group and 24 for the control group) who dealt with antineoplastic drug within the previous 1 week participated in the study. The guidelines for safe handling of antineoplastic drugs and antineoplastic drugs side effects were provided to the experimental groups whereas only antineoplastic drugs side effects was given to the control groups. Knowledge and performance in reference to antineoplastic drug handling were measured before and 8-week after interventions. Results: The knowledge scores between the pretest and posttest were not statistically significant in both groups. However, the performance scores in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: The given education of safe handling of antineoplastic drugs had an effect on improving clinical nurses' performance. Thus this education could be routinely administered in practice for those who deal with antineoplastic drugs in their everyday practice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.509-523
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• 1997

This study was carried out for investigating antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), methotrexate(MTX) and retinoic acid(RA) on hepatocellular carcinoma induced in Sprague-Dawley rat. Antitumor effects were examined a flow cytometric DNA distributions by flow cytometry and stuied ATP/Pi using nuclear magnetic resorance, and the enzymatic activity of thymidylate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase as well as contents of total collagen and sialic acid were measured with spectrophotometer. In this study, S phase fraction, contents of sialic acid and total collagen were decreased in the induced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 5-FU and MTX, and synergistic effects of anticancer drugs were exhibited in the hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 5-FU and MTX simultaneously, and the inhibition of thymidylate synthetic and dihydrofolate reductase activity were shown in the hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 5-FU, MTX, and 5-FU and MTX simultaneously. On the other hand, the ratio of ATP/Pi were increased in all groups except group treated with RA. The experimental results suggest that above method may be valuable for evaluating antitumor effect of anticancer drugs.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally with high morbidity and mortality. Immune surveillance is well recognized as an important mechanism to prevent development or progression of HNSCC. HNSCC can escape the immune system through multiple mechanisms including development of tolerance in T cells and inhibition of T-cell-related pathways, generally referred to as checkpoint inhibitors. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a clear advantage in advanced HNSCC patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. Right at the front of the new era of immunotherapy, we will review current knowledge of immune escape mechanisms and clinical implication for HNSCC.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1991

최근 횡문근육종을 치료함에 있어서 수술적 요법, 방사선 치료, 강암 약물요법을 적절히 병행함으로써 치료에 따르는 후유증을 극소화하면서 괄목할만한 생존율 향상을 가져오게 되었다. 특히 두경부의 횡문근육종은 소아에서 다발하고 병소의 위치에 따라서 각각 다른 임상적 특성을 가지며 수술적 절제를 했을 때 기능 및 외견상 결손이 크므로 별도의 연구 대상이 되어 왔으며 수술적 방법보다는 방사선 치료 및 항암 약물요법이 강조되고 있다. 저자들은 1976년부터 1987년까지 두경부 횡문근육종으로 진단받고 연세 암센터에서 항암 약물요법 및 방사선 치료를 받은 22명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 발생 부위, 조직 병리, 병기별 분포 및 생존율, 치료 방법에 따른 생존율을 후향성으로 분석하였다. 22명의 환자중 10 세 미만이 12 예로 가장 많았고, 13명이 배아세포형이였으며, 임상병기는 병기 III 이 가장 많아서 14 예였다. 병소의 위치는 안와가 6명으로 가장 많았고, 뇌수막주변부가 7명 (상악동 3명, 중이도 2명, 비강 l명, 비인강 1명), 기타 9명 (경부 5명, 이하선 2명, check 2명) 이었다. 5년 무병 생존율은 안와 종양에서 가장 높아서 50% 였고, 안와외 두경부가 37.5%, 뇌수막주변부가 16.7% 로 가장 낮았으며, 낮은 병기(병기 III), 배아세포형, 항암 약물 요법 병용군에서 상대적으로 높은 생존율이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.975-979
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• 2010

Biological activities of different parts (stems, leaves, roots, fruits) and solvents (water, ethanol) of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) grown in Korea were tested as follows. In the experiment of inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity, ethanol extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. stem showed the highest inhibitory activity by 93% and the next highest was the ethanol extract of its leaf by 88.7%. In the case of these two extracts, the effect of inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity was extraordinarily great when comparing with control group, acarbose. In the experiment of inhibiting $\alpha$-amylase activity, water extract of leaf showed the highest result by 54.7%, among all extracts. Regarding anticancer effect for HT-29 cell and DU-145 cell, water extract of root showed 47.1% and 32.3% activities, respectively. The experiment on antibacterial activity showed that the ethanol extract from the leaf inhibitory activity of Clostridium butyricum, Proteus mirabilis, and Shigella flexneri which are the several food borne pathogenic strains. In future research, materials for biological activity appear isolated and purified and research should continue.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.285-295
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic data on useful functional ingredients in red ginseng by studying the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of convergence of ginsenoside Rh2(Rh2) and compound K(CK) isolated from amplified red ginseng. Therefore we examined cytotoxicity in Hep3B, activity of IL-6 induced STAT3 luciferase and survival concentration of cells in B16F10 and HaCa T. According to the experimental results, when the Rh2 and CK mixture were 10 ug/ml, there was no cytotoxicity in Hep3B cells and the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-6 reduction ratio was 102%. In addition, Rh2 and CK mixture were observed to be toxic in melanoma cell line B16F10 and HaCa T (human keratinocyte) at 50 uM. FACS(fluorescence activated cell sorting) analysis showed that annexin V was not expressed and melanoma cells and keratinocyte were desorbed and killed. It can be assumed that the mechanism of killing through this phenomenon is due to the cell death of anoikis-type, and it is necessary to study the changes of cell adhesion proteins in the future in order to clarify the cell death signal system.