• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.04c
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• pp.392-394
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• 2003

연관 규칙 마이닝은 일반적으로 않은 빈발항목집합과 연관 규칙을 생성하며, 생성된 연관 규칙은 상호 포함관계에 있거나 중복되는 경우가 많다. 이는 효과적인 마이닝 뿐 아니라 마이닝의 활용 효용성을 떨어뜨린다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 연관 규칙 마이닝과 동일한 성능을 가지며 생성되는 규칙의 수를 줄일 수 있는 빈발 폐쇄 항목집합 마이닝이 제안되었다. 본 연구에서는 연관규칙 마이닝 방법 중 가장 우수한 성능을 가지는 ARCS 알고리즘을 개선한 빈발 폐쇄 항목집단 마이닝을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.435-444
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• 1999

현재까지 연구되고 있던 정보보호관련분야의 계량화방법을 좀 더 다른 방법으로 접근하여, 정보시스템 환경 하에서 보안 및 관리 운영 평가 지수에 계량화하여 1차 집단과 2차 집단간의 차이를 연구하였다. 정보화 관련항목에 대하여 빈도 분석을 적용함으로서 군별, 항목별 분류를 통한 항목 비례 가중치법을 산출하였다. 또한, 선지정 가중치법을 이용하여, 보호지수와 관리운용지수에 따른 상관관계를 조사하여 안전관리 지수를 계량화 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.136-139
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• 2002

연관규칙 마이닝과정에서의 빈발항목 탐색의 대표적인 방법으로 알려진 Apriori 알고리즘의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 트랜잭션 데이터베이스(TDB)에서 생성되는 각 패스의 k-itemset들에 대해 각각 트랜잭션 ID List(TIDist)를 유지하고 이를 이용해 (k+1)-itemset을 효율적으로 찾아내는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 frequent (k+1)-itemset(k>0)의 빈도수 및 TIDList를 TDB 에 대한 스캔이 전혀 없이 k-itemset의 TIDList로부터 직접 구한다. 이는 빈발항목집합을 찾기 위한 탐색 complexity는 크게 줄여줄 뿐 아니라 시간 변화에 따른 빈발항목집합의 분포 정보를 제공해 준다.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.14 no.5 s.79
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• pp.20-30
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• 1975

이 글은 영국, 독일 및 프랑스의 간호원제도에 관하여 종래 조사된 것을 정리 취합한 것이다. 각 국의 간호원제도를 기술함에 있어서는 주로 법제, 간호원의 종류와 수, 자격요건, 양성제도, 근로조건, 근로사정의 항목으로 나누고 다시 그 주 항목을 적절히 세 항목으로 분할하였다. 국가별 항목별에 있어서 그 설명에 약간의 차이가 생긴 것은 각 국에 대한 자료수집상의 제약 때문이며 부득이한 일이었다.

• KCID journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2002

이 원고는 일본의 국토청 하천관리국에서 2001년도에 제시한 일반하천에서 정상유량 산정지침에 관한 지침을 번역 소개한 글로서 2차에 걸쳐 소개를 할 예정이다. 제1차 소개에서는 정상유량의 목적 및 그 이용에 관하여 기술하고, 정상유량의 설정수준을 제시하며 정상유량 설정방법에 있어서 하천환경의 파악과 항목별 필요유량검토방침의 설정법 그리고 항목별 필요유량의 검토중 동식물 및 어업에 관계되는 검토를 기술한다. 제2차 소개에서는 항목별 필요유량의 검토 항목중

• KDI북한경제리뷰
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.49-61
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• 2021

북한은 최근 노동당 세포비서대회에서 '고난의 행군'을 할 것을 결심하였고 이를 내부 결속을 다지는 계기로 삼자고 하였다. 북한이 올해 최고인민회의를 통하여 발표한 예산 수입 증가율은 코로나 사태를 겪었던 지난해의 0.9%로, 매우 저조한 수준으로 나타나고 있다. 본 자료에서는 북한경제의 중요한 부분인 국가 예산 수입 항목 구분의 원리를 중심으로 하여, 예산 수입 항목들의 개념과 납부 방법 등을 납세자와 납부자의 측면에서 설명함으로써 예산 수입에 대한 구체적인 이해를 돕고자 한다. 먼저 북한에서 국가 예산 납부의 의무를 갖는 단위를 설명하고, 다음으로 국가 예산 수입 항목별로 구성과 내용을 살펴본다. 자료는 북한의 관련법 및 문건, 간행물 등을 주로 참고하였음을 밝힌다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.3 s.38
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• pp.735-753
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to analyze the positions of upper and lower incisors according to facioskeletal patterns. The lateral cephalometric radiographs of sixty persons with normal occlusion, forty persons with Class II Division 1 malocclusion, and forty persons with Class III malocclusion all above the age of 18, were analyzed. The following results were obtained. 1. C I angle, the measurement related to masticatory system, were $89.20{\pm}4.34^{\circ}$ in normal occlusion group, $81.68{\pm}士5.95^{\circ}$ in Class II Division 1 malocclusion group and $101.96{\pm}6.31^{\circ}$ in Class III malocclusion group. 2. In comparison with the positions of upper and lower incisors according to facioskeletal patterns, Class II Division 1 malocclusion group showed that upper incisors were different significantly in all measurements and inclined labially (P < 0.05). Lower incisors were different significantly in all measurements except LI-APog, LI-APog (mm), LI-AB, LI-AB (mm) and inclined labially (P < 0.05), Class III malocclusion group showed that upper incisors were different significantly in all measurements except UI-SN, UI-OP, and inclined labially (P < 0.05). Lower incisors were different significantly in all measurements and inclined lingually (P < 0.05). 3. In all facioakeletal patterns, LI-SN and LI-PH ware correlated moderately to facioskeletal measurements, and FMA was correlated moderately to measurements of lower incisor position. 4. Regardless of the facioskeletal patterns, the reference planes equally applicable were AB line in the measurements of upper incisor and APog line in the measurements of lower incisor.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.365-384
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• 2011

A recent study of visual working memory(VWM) under a change detection paradigm proposed an idea that the comparison process of VWM representations against incoming perceptual inputs can be performed more rapidly than the process of forming durable memory representations into VWM. To test this hypothesis, we compared the size of interference effect caused by pattern-backward masks following after either the sample(sample-mask condition) or test items (test-mask condition). In Experiment 1, subjects performed a color change detection task for four colored-boxes, and pattern masks with mask-onset asynchronies(MSOA) of either 64ms or 150ms followed each item location either after the sample or after the test items. The change detection accuracy was both comparable in the sample-mask condition regardless of the MSOAs, whereas the accuracy in the trials with a MSOA of 150ms was substantially higher than the MSOA of 65ms in the test-masking condition. In Experiment 2, we manipulated setsizes to 1, 2, 3, 4 items and also MSOAs to 117ms, 234ms, 350ms, 484ms and compared the pattern of interference across a variety of setsize and MSOA conditions. The sample-mask condition yielded a pattern of masking interference which became more evident as the setsize increases and as the MSOA was shorter. However, this pattern of interference was less apparent in the test-mask condition. These results indicate that the comparison process between remembered items in VWM and perceptual inputs is less vulnerable to interference from pattern-backward masking than VWM consolidation is, and thus support for the recent idea that the comparison process in VWM can be performed very fast and accurately.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.140-147
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• 2011

Our purpose is to specify behavior and environmental factors aimed at reducing the exposed dosage caused by PET-CT and to develop radiation safety management guidelines adequate for domestic circumstances. We have used a multistep-multimethod as the methodological approach to design and to carry out the research both in quality and quantity, including an analysis on previous studies, professional consultations and a survey. The survey includes responses from 139 practitioners in charged of 109 PET-CTs installed throughout Korea(reported by the Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2010). The research use 156 questions using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ (alpha) coefficients which were: 0.818 for "the necessity of setting and installing the radiation protective environment"; 0.916 for "the necessity of radiation protection", "setting and installing the radiation protective environment"; and 0.885 for "radiation protection". The check list, derived from the radiation safety management guidelines focused on behavior and environment, was composed of 20 items for the radiation protective environment: including 5 items for the patient; 4 items for the guardian; 3 items for the radiologist; and 8 items applied to everyone involved; for a total of 26 items for the radiation protective behavior including: 12 items for the patient; 1 item for the guardian, 7 items for the radiologist; and 6 items applied to everyone involved. The specific check list is shown in(Table 5-6). Since our country has no safety management guidelines of its own to reduce the exposed dosage caused by PET-CTs, we believe the guidelines developed through this study means great deal to the field as it is not only appropriate for domestic circumstances, but also contains specific check lists for each target who may be exposed to radiation in regards to behavior and environment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.403-414
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• 2022

Many studies have been conducted on asset management of public facilities, as the importance of such management has been increasing. This basic study aims to present strategies for the practical use of public asset management, and seeks to propose efficient management and utilization measures from a cost perspective by comparing and analyzing the importance and impact relationship between cost items for public asset management. In this study, 19 sub-items and the top 4 items were chosen by deriving cost factors based on the previous literature. A survey was conducted, and the results of the survey were analyzed by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methods. The AHP was used to derive the priority between items, and ISM was used to identify major groups and mutual influences. As a result, those items showing both high priority and high importance, such as user cost, dismantling/disposal cost, replacement cost, maintenance/repair cost, etc. are determined as priority items to be considered for public asset management of public facilities. Also, it is necessary to minimize the impact on other items in public asset management by those items which are impacted less by other items but have significant impact on the items such as initial construction costs, conceptual design costs, construction costs, and supervision costs. It is expected that the results and analysis methods presented in this study can be used to provide strategies for asset management of public facilities.