• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the factors which have an effect on the rural aged's natural history by disability in Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and ADL decline with 475 old people which were chosen except the dead 90 and unconfirmable 56 old people by performing follow-up survey for 4 years since 1993 on the basis of presurveyed data about 621 home old people over 60 years residing in 13 villages at Kangdong-myon, Kyongju-city, Kyongsangbuk-do Province, Korea. Such activities of daily living as bathing, dressing, going to toilet, transfer, feeding and continence were examined. 1. In the follow-up survey for 4 years, the ADL distribution of the dead was remarkably lower than the subject group. 2. It was also shown in the 4-year follow-up survey that 82.1% of high ADL group maintained high ADL while 77.8% of low ADL group died within 4 years. 3. The occurrence percentage of disabilities of each group by ADL item for 4 years appeared high in such an order as bathing, continence, dressing, going to toilet, transfer and feeding. 6.7%(8.1% for female and 4.6% for male) of the old people who were the high ADL group at the time of the first survey had disabilities that occurred after 4 years. 4. In the change of ADL according to general characteristics used to analyse the factors which have an effect on ADL decline, there was a significant difference in age and job, that is, the jobless old people had the higher degree of ADL decline. In the change of ADL according to behavioral pattern, for the male old people there was a significant difference in support of living expenses and subjective health condition. In this case, the degree of ADL decline was higher if they depended on their sons & daughters or spouses and felt that they were not healthy.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to analyze the contents of Housing Studies in Home Economics Education of Secondary School published in master's or doctorial theses and journals since 1985. The 24 research papers were analyzed by the type and time of publication, research subjects, data collecting methods, respondents & sample size, and statistical methods. The data were presented by tables with frequencies. The results showed that the most Housing educational research has been done as a type of theses and the number of published papers on Housing has been increased in somewhat. Over time there were two main theme of Housing educational research: general perception of housing and teaching - learning plans. Research methods, respondents and sample size, and statistical methods were obviously differed by the two research theme of Housing educational studies. This research suggested to broaden the research subjects as well as research methods beside to increase the number of studies on Housing area in Home Economics Education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.52-64
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• 2011

In this study, the effects of street improvement projects in particular regions are carefully scrutinized, classified, and compared based on the types of citizen participation in those projects which are offered as one of several urban regeneration methods. The Wonju and Siheung Street Improvement Projects were selected for case studies, and in-depth interviews and a survey are conducted in both regions. As a result of in-depth interviews, the Wonju project is the community initiative type in which the community has responsibilities and decision-making abilities. On the other hand, Siheung is the community participative type in which the opinions of the community have been limited The survey targeted more than 100 local merchants, and they were asked to answer to the questions which were categorized into 21 items with a 5-point Likert scale. The analysis method was carried out through a reliability test, regression. average analysis on each group, and a T-test by SPSS 18.0. Factor analysis results show four factors: physical, partnership, community, and economical revitalization. These results reveal that the social factor can be sub-divided into a community factor and partnership factor. As a result of revitalization factors by citizen participation type, the resident initiative type is more revitalized than the resident participative type in all four factors, and shows positive responses in physical and economical revitalization factors. In particular, the physical revitalization factor has a big impact on resident satisfaction regardless of type. The community revitalization factor also has an impact on two types. It reveals that the communication is as important as physical improvement. However, it shows that no type of project affects partnership revitalization. As a result of this study, if we considered only physical improvement as project achievement, you can achieve the desired outcome without consideration of residents' participation types. Furthermore, if regional revitalization is the goal of a street improvement project, we must consider other factors such as a partnership and community revitalization.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.252-265
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the landscape ecological characteristics of green spaces within built up area of high density and evaluate the potential applicability of green patches, thereby introducing urban garden for generating green networks in residence areas. To this end, Yeoksam-Dong was selected as the site area since it is classified as both green initiative zone and alienated area of park service in Seoul. First, the current condition of green spaces in Yeoksam-Dong was identified by five categories: Street trees, private garden, public pocket garden, rooftop garden, and park. Then, the landscape index analysis through FRAGSTATS and connectivity assessment via multi-buffer zone analysis were carried out for analyzing the green networks and evaluating the potential value of green space. The results showed that the degree to which green areas in the site were distributed is arranged in the order of street tree, private garden, public pocket garden, park, and rooftop garden. In case of the street trees whose total core area (TCA, $1,618m^2$) is as high as the park's ($1,128m^2$). Private garden has potential for green network in built up area of high density by gardening since the shape of the patches are irregular (ED = 78.1m/ha) and the average distance among the patches is close (ENN=33.9m). Public pocket garden has also potential for gardening according to the result that it was found to be distributed evenly (LPI=5.7%, SHEI=0.9) with exposing external disturbance ($TCA=66m^2$). For the green network, 84% of all the study site is covered by small green network in 50m butter range of connected green area. The effect of green network was expected through gardening in public pocket garden (27%) and street tree (26%). Accordingly, it is encouraged to actively utilize street tree, private gardens, and rooftop gardens and to establish the urban gardens like local-based community gardens in public pocket garden where a variety of activities can be carried out near residential areas. By doing so, green networks can effectively be established in built up area with high density. The results of this study can contribute positively to fostering the creation of various types of urban gardens.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.125-146
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• 2013

Nowadays, the performance of the mobile game sales is influencing the ranking of game companies listed on KOSDAQ. In the meantime, venture capital companies had focused on online game. Recently, however, they have great interest in mobile games and mobile game companies. In addition, angel investors and accelerators are increasing investment for the mobile game companies. The most important issues for mobile game investor is how to evaluate the mobile game companies and their contents. Therefore, this study derived the evaluation factors for the mobile game company. And research method converged of the opinions of both supply side and demand side of the game industry. Ten professionals who are responsible for the supply of the game industry and CEO group & development experts of game development company were selected for survey in this study. Also ten professionals who are responsible for the demand of the game industry and the investment company were selected for survey in this study. And Delphi technique was performed according to the survey. Management skills, development capabilities, game play, feasibility, operational capabilities has emerged as five evaluation factors to evaluate the mobile game company. And the 20 sub-factors including CEO's reliability were derived. AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) theory is applied to analyze the importance of the qualitative elements which were derived by Delphi technique. As a result, the analysis hierarchy of evaluation factors for the mobile game company was created. Pair-wise comparison for each element was performed to analyze the importance. As a result, 'Core fun of the game' (12,2%), 'Involvement of the game' (10.3%), 'Security Reliability' (8.9%), 'Core developers' ability' (7.6%) appeared in order of importance. The significance of this study is offering more objective methodology for realistic assessment and importance of elements to evaluate mobile game company.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.122-127
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• 2009

This study was to separate wild yeast from the Houttuynia Cordata Thunb(HC) extracts fermented in traditional way and investigate the characteristics of fermentation from the HC extracts. As a result, the longer the cultivation time, the more the contents of alcohol in $15^{\circ}Brix$ sugar solutions increased. When it reached to 90 hours since it cultivated, it ranked HCE 12%, HCD 11.2%, and HCA 10.5% in order. As for HCF, HCG, HCB, and HCC), this study has shown that the contents of alcohol were from 7.5% through 8.5%. As a result of selecting germ strains like HCE and HCD with the highest alcohol-genicity in the sugar solutions as separated yeast from HC and of comparing and reviewing the existing Saccharomyces germ strains and fermentation power in the medium of HC(Juice extraction of HC : Distilled water(1:1), this study has found out that 'pH' decreased from $4.09{\sim}4.12$ before fermentation through $3.57{\sim}3.78$ after fermentation. And, the sugar concentration decreased from $15.00{\sim}15.19^{\circ}Brix$ through $7.75{\sim}9.57^{\circ}Brix$ before fermentation. Also, the acid value increased from $0.138{\sim}0.210%$ before fermentation through $0.282{\sim}0.45%$ after fermentation. In addition, as the contents of alcohol became $3.6{\sim}4.6%$ after fermentation, isolates HCD and HCE from HC had higher value rather than ones of DJ97, YJK, R12, and RCY separated from persimmons, apples, and grapes. The result value of color was minimum $4.75{\pm}1.44$ and maximum $6.85{\pm}1.63$, and HCE marked the highest record among the items of sensory evaluation. The overall acceptability was in normal level like minimum $3.95{\pm}1.17$ and maximum $5.00{\pm}1.41$. It is considered as it could lower sensory evaluation because the acceptability of flavor was not satisfied. After all, the significance(p<0.05) among the germ strains was not recognized in aspects of color, flagrance, flavor, and overall acceptability.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.399-411
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• 2000

This study was designed to evaluate the correlations between the morphology and growth of cranial base and the position of nasomaxillary complex and mandible in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Craniofacial skeletal morphology Pattern was analyzed on the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the 100 subjects of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate group and the 100 normal grower group and each group was divided three sub-groups by age-range like spheno-ethmoidal synchodrosis growing group, spheno-occipital synchondrosis growing group and finished synchondrosis growth group. These data were statistically analyzed to examine significant difference between both groups and between each sub-groups. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In complete unilateral cleft group, the length, thickness of clivus, and the rate of increase in length of clivus showed smaller amount by adolescence. The anterior length of cranial base and the rotation pattern of clivus with age showed no significant difference between two group. 2. In complete unilateral cleft group, nasomaxillary complex were located more posteriorly. This difference between two groups is larger by adolescent group than adult. Vertical position showed no significant difference between two groups. There was significant correlation between the cranial base of cleft group and the horizontal measurements(p<0.01). PtmS showed no significant increment in cleft group. This showed the deficiency of growth in posterior part of maxilla. 3. In mandible, there was no significant difference between normal group and complete unilateral cleft group but articular angle showed significantly smaller in cleft group than in normal one. And the measurements of nasomaxillary complex position, cranial base and the position of mandible had significant correlation(p<0.01).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.187-208
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the risk factors of Oral cleft and to inspect the living environments of the rural areas of Sintang, Indonesia Methods: During 3 to 9 August 2004, A questionnaire survey was done for the risk factors of oral cleft. Case group was composed of 11 oral cleft patients who admitted Missionary Hospital whose mother's bloods were analyzed for anemia and hyperlipidemia. Control group was composed of 56 reproductive rural women recruited from near rural villages. Also we surveyed 4 rural areas of Indonesia with simple water test kits. $x^2-test$ for significant difference was analysed. Results: Drinking water was statistically significant risk factor(p<0.05) of oral cleft. Other factors had no statistical significancy. The kind of drinking water was river-originated water. In rural villages, water sanitation state, even boiled water, was very poor. Although $NO_2-N$, $NO_3-N$ was negative, E. coli-form microorganisms were strongly positive in most samples. Total food intake amount was not enough, and vitamin supplements were also under the need. Conclusions: Drinking the contaminated river-water around pregnancy was supposed to be one of the risk factors of oral cleft in Indonesia. Further study is needed for nitrate and mercury.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.116-129
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the associations of social capital with suicidal thoughts and attempts in Korean communities with poor health. Methods: We used the data from community health interviews conducted at 40 administrative sections (dong, eup, or myeon) with high mortality from August to October in 2010, 2011, and 2012 as part of the Health Plus Happiness Plus Projects in Gyeongsangnam-do Province. The 8,800 study subjects composed of 220 adults systematically sampled from each administrative section were asked if they had thought about suicide or had attempted suicide within 1 year. The social participation was measured with 'participation in formal and/or informal group' and trust using responses to three questions about trust of others. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt within 1 year were 10.4% and 0.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that those who participated in only informal groups, or had highest trust level reported less suicidal ideation, or attempt after adjusting for socio-demographic factors (sex, age, marital status, occupation, and food affordability), self-rated health, and health behaviors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise). Conclusions: This study suggested social capital such as social participation and trust was associated with less suicide ideation and attempt. More studies are warranted for the association of social capital with suicidal behavior.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

Microbiological, physicochemical, and organoleptic properties of fresh-cut vegetables (FVs), carrots, green peppers, cherry tomatoes, and paprika after X-ray irradiation were evaluated to verify food quality suitable for the immune-depressed patients. Total concentrations of aerobic bacteria in non-irradiated samples, except for cherry tomatoes, were 1.63-3.34 log CFU/g. Irradiation dose exceed 0.4 kGy was used for carrots and green peppers whereas the sterilization dose of 0.2 kGy was used for both cherry tomatoes and paprika. A dose of 0.4 kGy was tentatively determined as the minimum allowable dose for sterilization of the FVs, based on $D_{10}$-values of X-ray irradiation (0.11-0.32 kGy) for Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated on the samples. With respect to the physiological properties, only hardness was significantly decreased as the absorbed dose increased; however, there were no significant differences in hardness of the sterilized samples using X-rays at 0.4 kGy compared with those of non-irradiated samples (p<0.05). Moreover, overall acceptance scores of the sterilized FVs were higher than 5.0 points on a 7-point scale, indicating a good organoleptic quality. In a survey on preference of hospitalized patients with cancer (n=50), the average scores for the sterilized FVs, except for carrots, were higher than 4.0 points. In conclusion, it is considered that the FVs, except for carrots, sterilized using X-rays at 0.4 kGy could be served to immune-depressed patients as hygienically safe foods with acceptable organoleptic properties.