• Magazine of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.42-50
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• 2007

데이터에 입각한 과학적 안전관리시스템(Safety Management System, SMS)의 도입은 사후적 차원에 머물던 그간의 안전관리활동의 한계를 극복하고, 예방적 안전관리를 통하여 국가 항공안전증진에 획기적으로 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 이번 기고에서는 항공교통분야에 있어서 안전관리시스템(SMS)의 도입 현황과 함께 SMS의 핵심요소인 위험관리에 있어서, 평가된 위험이 시스템에서 정상적으로 관리되고 있는지 확인할 수 있는 안전평가(Safery Assessment) 개념에 대하여 국제민간항공기기(ICAO)에서 제시하는 개념들을 소개한다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.97-115
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• 2013

The world-wide principal criteria of aircraft operations is ICAO Annex 6. Operations of Aircraft. Among ICAO Annex 6, Part I is for International Commercial Air Transport - Aeroplanes and it assumes major part of civil aviation. ICAO has been providing Contracting States with SARPs(Standards and Recommended Practices) and monitor each State's reflection degree into their domestic air law, so-called USOAP(Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program). Current ICAO USOAP is Snap-shot method, but it will be changed to USOAP-CMA method from the year of 2013. ICAO USOAP results have overall effects on national aviation industry such as routes, insurance, airlines cooperation and so forth. Low grades of results attract international attention and that leads to flag carrier's operation stoppage, route restriction, airlines cooperation restriction, insurance increase directly or indirectly. Thus it is important to get excellent grades in ICAO USOAP and to maintain confidence. Our government ranked top to get 98.89 grades in 2008 ICAO USOAP but after 2008 the revised provisions have not been reflected sufficiently into our air law. So I would like to grip reflection ratio of ICAO Annex 6 Part I into our domestic air law by using the most updated revised edition on this paper. Together I would like to suggest alternatives for the non-reflected and partially reflected.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-96
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• 2013

ICAO's Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) was initially launched in January 1995, in response to widespread concerns about the adequacy of aviation safety oversight around the world. The recent reduction in aircraft accidents and effective role that is evaluated on the basis of these results, and in 2013 the existing 'snapshot approach' to 'regular monitoring system (USOAP-Continuous Monitoring Approach)' was converted to. ICAO aviation safety assessment of the state in today's international community 'aviation safety credibility' as objective indicators to judge the enormous impact on the aviation industry, the state is not satisfactory, especially if the results of the evaluation and expansion of code-share airline ban, reduced international air transit passengers, including premium increases business and economic penalties should. In addition, ICAO implementation of the existing laws and regulations(Prescriptive Approach), but based on the Risk-based prevention model, Proactive Approach introduced the concept of aviation safety system, including international aviation safety policy has been to switch paradigms. This new ICAO international aviation safety policy also applies to the Government of the Republic of Korea in line with the aviation safey policies have changed. In particular, the systematic implementation of safety management for the existing laws and regulations in the center of the safety oversight system of risk-based introduction of the concept of proactive safety management, and According to international standards ICAO aviation service providers operate their own Safety Management System was set out in Aviation Law ever. In addition, the aviation safety is at the center of the field of the safety of aircraft operations and maintenance for the promotion is promoting various safety policies. This new paradigm shift in the international aviation safety policy in line with our state in the international community with the most exemplary aviation safety system firmly established itself as a model, the Government will strengthen the competitiveness of our aviation plans to support. To do this, the government, airlines, aviation officials try all the practical effect would be expected.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.24-32
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• 2021

Personal Air Vehicle (PAV), Cargo UAS (Cargo UAS), and existing manned and unmanned aircraft are key vehicles for urban air mobility (UAM), and should demonstrate compatibility for the design of aircraft systems. The safety assessment required by for certification to ensure safety and reliability should be systematically performed throughout the entire cycle from the beginning of the aircraft development process. However, with the increasing complexity of safety critical aviation systems and the application of state-of-the-art systems, conventional experience-based and procedural-based safety evaluation methods make ir difficult to objectively assess safety requirements and system safety. Therefore, Model-Based Safety Assessment (MBSA) using modeling and simulation techniques is actively being studied at domestic and foreign countries to address these problems. In this paper, we propose a Model-Based Safety Evaluation framework utilizing modeling and simulation-based integrated flight simulators. Our case studies on the Traffic Collision Availability System (TCAS) and Wheel Brake System (WBS) confirmed that they are practical for future safety assessments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.145-158
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• 2022

To manage State Safety Program (SSP) in a more integrative and proactive manner, an aviation safety authority of the state shall detect and assess the risk of emerging or hidden safety hazards before they provoke accidents or incidents(ICAO, 2018). In case of South Korea, safety risk assessment is conducted by calculating the likelihood and severity of the hazard following ICAO's safety management manual. It is reasonable to extract the safety risk likelihood by calculating the number of occurrence caused by the hazard. However, it is ambiguous to assess the safety risk severity defined as the extent of harm that might be expected to occur as a consequence of the identified hazard. In this paper, a safety risk assessment method which quantitatively calculates the risk of hazard using aviation safety data(i.e. aviation safety mandatory report, etc.) is proposed. By utilizing the proposed method, the existing process that safety risk is being subjectively assessed by safety inspectors can be supplemented. So that essential aviation safety policy decision making can be accomplished by the accurate result of safety risk assessment.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.115-157
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• 2013

Some contracting States of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (commonly known as the Chicago Convention) issue FAOC(Foreign AOC and/or Operations Specifications) and conduct various safety audits for the foreign operators. These FAOC and safety audits on the foreign operators are being expanded to other parts of the world. While this trend is the strengthening measure of aviation safety resulting in the reduction of aircraft accident, it is the source of concern from the legal as well as economic perspectives. FAOC of the USA doubly burdens the other contracting States to the Chicago Convention because it is the requirement other than that prescribed by the Chicago Convention of which provisions are faithfully observed by almost all the contracting States. The Chicago Convention in its Article 33 stipulates that each contracting State recognize the validity of the certificates of airworthiness and licenses issued by other contracting States as long as they meet the minimum standards of the ICAO. Consequently, it is submitted that the unilateral action of the USA, China, Mongolia, Australia, and the Philippines issuing the FOAC to the aircraft of other States is against the Convention. It is worry some that this breach of international law is likely to be followed by the European Union which is believed to be in preparation for its own unilateral application. The ICAO established by the Chicago Convention to be in charge of safe and orderly development of the international civil aviation has been in hard work to both upgrade and emphasize the safe operation of aircraft. As the result of these endeavors, it prepared a new Annex 19 to the Chicago Convention with the title of "Safety Management" and with the applicable date 14 November 2013. It is this Annex and other ICAO documents relevant to the safety that the contracting States to the Chicago Convention have to observe. Otherwise, it is the economical burden due to probable delay in issuing the FOAC and bureaucracies combined with many different paperworks and regulations depending on where the aircraft is flown. It is exactly to avoid this type of confusion and waste that the Chicago Convention aimed at when it was adopted in 1944. The State of the operator shall establish a system for both the certification and the continued surveillance of the operator in accordance with ICAO SARPs to ensure that the required standards of operations are maintained. Certainly the operator shall meet and maintain the requirements established by the States in which it operate. The authority of a State stops where the authority of another State intervenes or where the former has yielded its power by an international agreement for the sake of international cooperation. Hence, it is not within the realm of the State to issue FAOC towards foreign operators for the reason that these foreign operators are flying in and out of the State. Furthermore, there are other safety audits such as ICAO USOAP, IATA IOSA, FAA IASA, and EU SAFA that assure the safe operation of the aircraft, but within the limit of their power and in compliance with the ICAO SARPs. If the safety level of any operator is not satisfactory, the operator could be banned to operate in the contracting States with watchful eyes until the ICAO SARPs are met. This time-honoured practice has been applied without any serious problems. Besides, we have the new Annex 19 to strengthen and upgrade with easy reference for contracting States. We don't have no reason to introduce additional burden to the States by unilateral actions of some States. These actions have to be corrected. On the other hand, when it comes to the carriage of the Personal or Pilot Log Book, the Korean regulation requiring it is in contrast with other relevant provisions of USA, USOAP, IOSA, and SAFA. The Chicago Convention requires in its Articles 29 and 34 only the carriage of the Journey Log Book and some other certificates, but do not mention the Personal Log Book at all. Paragraph 5.1.1.1 of Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention even makes it clear that the carriage in the aircraft of the Personal Log Book is not required on international flights. The unique Korean regulation in this regards giving the unnecessary burden to the national flag air carriers has to be lifted at once.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2022

교육은 준비, 발표, 적용, 복습 및 평가 순으로 이루어지고, 학습은 경험의 결과로 개인의 지각, 사고, 느낌, 행위의 방식에 의해 변화될 수 있다. 고로 초기 조종사를 양성하는 과정에서 교육과 학습은 안전문화 증진을 위한 매우 중요하다. 항공안전법에서 국내 조종사를 양성하기 위해 전문교육기관(ATO)을 국토교통부로부터 승인을 받아야 하고, 또한 항공안전관리시스템(SMS)도 승인받고 안전관리 활동이 의무화됐다. 조종사가 되기 위한 첫 관문인 학생조종사에게 국가 항공안전관리 정책 및 목표에 부합하도록 달성 가능한 수준의 항공 업무의 안전목표를 수립하고 그 구성원들이 학생조종사에게 안전문화를 형성할 수 있도록 효과적인 교육과 학습 방안을 마련해야 한다. 본 연구는 조종사양성 전문교육기관에서 교육을 받고 있는 학생조종사의 교육과 학습에 따른 단계별 안전의식을 알아보고, 학생조종사가 안전문화를 형성하는데 초기교육과 지속적인 교육을 통해 학습문화을 만들고 도움이 되는지 연구한다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.3-32
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• 2014

Safety Management System is the aviation industry policy for while operating the aircraft, to ensure the safety crew, aircraft and passengers. For operating a safe aircraft, in order to establish the international technical standards, the International Civil Aviation Organization has established the Annex 19 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. As a result, member country was supposed to be in accordance with the policy of the International Civil Aviation Organization, to accept the international standard of domestic air law. The South Korean government announced that it would promote active safety management strategy in primary aviation policy master plan of 2012. And, by integrating and state safety programmes(ssp) and safety management system(sms) for the safe management of Annex 19 is to enforce the policy on aviation safety standards. State safety programmes(ssp) is a system of activities for the aim of strengthening the safety and integrated management of the activities of government. State safety programmes(ssp) is important on the basis of the data of the risk information. Collecting aviation hazard information is necessary for efficient operation of the state safety programmes(ssp) Korean government must implement the strategy required to comply with aviation methods and standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Airlines, must strive to safety features for safety culture construction and improvement of safety management is realized. It is necessary to make regulations on the basis of the aviation practice, for aviation safety regulatory requirements, aviation safety should reflect the opinion of the aviation industry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2008

This research was conducted to investigate the feasibility of aviation safety technology development. The important subjects of aviation safety technology development, aviation accident prevention and damage reduction technique, aircraft safety certification development, BASA promotion in an aircraft class, were included to investigate the the feasibility of aviation safety technology development. The survey technique using Benefit-Cost Anlysis was performed and the results showed that aviation safety technology development brought scientific technique effect, industrial and economic effect, and the rest effects. Also, the benefits from aviation safety technology development were much greater than the costs.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.356-364
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• 2023

Sophisticated Air Navigation System has contributed to enhancing the capacity of airspace capacity, leading to an efficient airspace environment. However, it has acted as a factor increasing the probability of collision. When an aircraft fails to maintain vertical separation and instead exhibits lateral positional errors, it does not necessarily lead to a collision. However, as the lateral positional accuracy increases, the randomness of aircraft positions decrease, resulting in an elevated probability of collisions. Consequently, The International Civil Aviation Organization has introduced Strategic Lateral Offset Procedures(SLOP), intentionally deviating aircraft from the centerline of airways. Likewise, South Korea also operates Offset procedure. The Y579 was operated using the Offset before its conversion to a dual airway and the analysis of the Offset track revealed that it was being operated similarly to a unidirectional dual airway. This paper develops a safety assessment methodology applicable to unidirectional dual airways, and applies it to perform a safety assessment of the Y579 Offset procedure.